复合离子液体催化碳酸乙烯酯水解制备乙二醇(英文)

An ionic liquid system of [Bmim]X/[Bmim]OH (X Cl, BF4, and PF6,) was developed for the hydrolysis of ethylene carbonate to ethylene glycol. The important parameters, such as the variety of ionic liquids, molar ratio of [Bmim]X to [Bmim]OH, amount of ionic liquid, molar ratio of water to ethylene carbonate, reaction temperature, pressure and reaction time, were investigated systematically. Excellent yield (>93%) and high selectivity (99.5%) of ethylene glycol were achieved. Under the optimum reaction conditions, the ionic liquid system could be reused at least five times and the selectivity of ethylene glycol remained higher than 99.5%.     

Production of glycerol carbonate via reactive distillation and extractive distillation:An experimental study☆

A process for the production of glycerol carbonate (GC) is proposed with the transesterification of glycerol (GL) and dimethyl carbonate (DMC) with CaO as catalyst by reactive distil ation and extractive distil ation. The perfor-mance of solvents in separating DMC-methanol azeotrope and the effects of operation parameters on the reactive distillation process are investigated experimental y. The results indicate that both the GL conversion and GC yield increase with the DMC/GL molar ratio, reflux ratio, final temperature of tower bottom, and CaO/GL molar ratio and decrease as the recycle number of CaO increases. The calcium concentration in the residual reaction mixture also decreases remarkably as the DMC/GL molar ratio increases. At DMC/GL molar ratio 4.0, reflux ratio 1.0, final temperature of tower bottom 358 K, and CaO/GL molar ratio 0.05, both the GL conversion and GC yield can reach above 99.0%, and the mass concentration of calcium in the product is less than 0.08%.     

Methanolsis of Poly(ethylene terephthalate) in Supercritical Phase

The depolymerization of poly(ethylene terephthalate, PET) in supercritical methanol is studied using a stainless stirred autoclave at temperature of 255~260℃, pressure of 8.5~14.0 MPa, and methanol/PET weight ratio of 3~8. Under the optimal conditions, the PET is depolymerized completely to its monomers in 60 min. The main products of the reaction are dimethyl terephthalate and ethylene glycol. There are still some small amounts of byproducts, such as methyl–(2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate, bis(hydroxyethyl) terephthalate, dimers and oligomers. Reversed-phase high performance liquid chrom- atography and gas chromatography are used to analyze solid products and liquid products respectively. The results of depolymerization show that the yield of dimethyl terephthalate and the degree of PET depolymerization are dependent on the reaction temperature, weight ratio of methanol to PET and reaction time. But the reaction pressure has little influence on the depolymerization as long as methanol is in supercritical state.     

Synthesis of allylamine in ethanol

Allylamine was prepared from the ammonolysis of allyl chloride or the reaction of allyl chloride with hexamethylenetetramine in ethanol. The selectivity of allylamine was improved from 21.4% to 67.6% when the reaction was carried out in ethanol instead of liquid ammonia. At the same time, the selectivity of allylamine was increased from 13.3% to 67.6% when the molar ratio of NH3 to allyl chloride was increased from 4. 5 ： 1 to 25 ： 1. However, the reaction of allyl chloride and hexamethylenetetramine in ethanol produced allylamine with high selectivity （100%） and high yield （87%）. The synthesis of allylamine from the reaction of allyl chloride and hexamethylenetetramine in ethanol was more straightforward and convenient.     

[bmin]Cl/[FeCl3]离子液体催化的苯与1-十八烯烷基化反应

Abstract The study on the catalysis of ionic liquids for alkylation of benzene with 1-octadecene to synthesize LAB （linear alkylbenzenes） was performed. The results showed that the most important factor that governed the conversion of olefin and selectivity of LAB was reaction temperature. Moreover, the effects of different ionic liquids and molar ratio of benzene to 1-octadecene on the conversion and selectivity were obviously in different degrees. The reaction temperature, molar ratio of benzene to 1-octadecene and the amount of catalyst were lower, compared with the traditional reaction technologies. The experimental results demonstrated that the ionic liquid had higher activity at 30℃, with over 98% selectivity of monoalkylbenzene and 100% conversion of the olefin at the molar ratio 0.08 of FeCl3 in ionic liquid to 1-octadecene and 10 for benzene to 1-octadecene.     

乳状液膜中1,3-桥连杯[4]芳烃/冠醚对碱金属离子的选择性萃取(英文)

Nano-assisted inclusion separation of alkali metals from basic solutions was reported by inclu sion-facilitated emulsion liquid membrane process. The novelty of this study is application of nano-baskets of calixcrown in the selective and efficient separation of alkali metals as both the carrier and the surfactant. For this aim, four derivatives of diacid calix[4]-1,3-crowns-4,5 were synthesized, and their inclusion-extraction parameters were optimized including the calixcrown scaffold （4.4%, by mass） as the carrier/demulsifier, the commercial kero sene as diluent in membrane, sulphonic acid （0.2 mol.L-1） and ammonium carbonate （0.4 mol.L-1） as the strip and the feed phases, the phase and the treat ratios of 0.8 and 0.3, mixing speed （300 r.min-1）, and initial solute concentration （100 mg.L-1）. The selectivity of membrane over more than ten interfering cations was examined and the re sults reveled that under the optimized operating condition, the degree of inclusion-extraction of alkali metals was as high as 98%-99%.     

SO_3H-功能化离子液体催化4,4'-MDC合成反应

The synthesis of methylene diphenyl dimethylcarbamate (4,4′-MDC) from methyl N-phenyl carbonate (MPC) and formaldehyde (HCHO) was conducted in the presence of sulfonic acid-functionalized ionic liquids (ILs) as dual solvent-catalyst. The influences of the kind of anion in the ionic liquids, reaction conditions and the recycle of the ionic liquid on 4,4′-MDC synthesis reaction were investigated. In addition, the acid strength of ILs was determined by the Hammett method with UV-visible spectroscopy, and the acid strength-catalytic activity relationship was correlated. The activity estimation results showed that [HSO3-bmim]CF3SO3 was the optimal dual solvent-catalyst. Under the suitable reaction conditions of 70°C, 40 min, molar ratio of nMPC/nHCHO 10/1 and mass ratio of WILs/WMPC 4.5/1, the yield of 4,4′-MDC based on HCHO was 89.9 % and the selectivity of 4,4′-MDC with respect to MPC was 74.9%. Besides, [HSO3-bmim]CF3SO3 was reused four times after being purified and no significant loss in the catalytic activity was observed.     

Experimental Study on Hydrogenation of SiCl_4 to SiHCl_3 in a Stirred Bed Reactor

The hydrogenation of SiCl_4 to SiHCl_3 was studied in a stirred bed reactor with CuCl catalyst.The properties of the CuCl catalysts and silicon particles before and after the reaction were characterized by SEM,XRD and XPS.The XRD showed that the active component of Cu3Si was formed during the reaction,and the EDX proved the molar ratio of Cu and Si on the region of apertures.The valent of Cu was discussed by XPS before and after the hydrogen reaction.Then the effects of the reaction temperature,pressure,molar ratio of H2 to SiC l4,weight hourly space velocity(WHSV),and catalyst loading were studied.The results showed that the conversion rate of Si Cl4 was about 38%at WHSV of 190 Nm3/(t·h),temperature of 540℃,pressure of 1.8 MPa,catalyst loading of 0.9%(ω),and molar ratio of H2 to Si Cl4 1.7:1.Based on the experemental results,a reaction mechanism was proposed,which involved the continuous consumption of silicon(many apertures was showed on SEM image)and formation of new Cu3Si active component during the hydrogenation reaction.     

以葡辛胺为拆分剂拆分酮基布洛芬

The process of resolution of racemic ketoprofen using n-octyl-d-glucamine as an optical resolution agent was investigated. The process consists of preparation of the diastereomer salt of ketoprofen with n-octyl-d-glucamine, liberation of S-（＋）-ketoprofen from its diastereomer salt and recovery of the remaining ketoprofen and n-octyl-d- glucamine. The suitable conditions for preparation of the diastereomer salt were methanol and ethyl acetate （1：1 by volume） as the solvent, the ratio of solvent volume to ketoprofen mass at 8 ml：1 g, and the molar ratio of ketoprofen to n-octyl-d-glucamine at 1：1. The preferred approach to liberate S-（＋）-ketoprofen from its diastereomer salt was alkali dissolution, acid adjustment and ethyl acetate extraction. Racemization of the recovered ketoprofen could be achieved by reacting the recovered ketoprofen with 10% NaOH at 507kPa for 6h. The recovered n-octyl-d- glucamine could be refined by acid dissolution and alkali adjustment. S-（＋）-ketoprofen can be obtained with high optical purity and yield, showing that the present process is a practical and efficient one which can be used in industrial scale for preparation of S-（＋）-ketoprofen.     

N^α-9-芴甲氧羰基-N^ε-叔丁氧基羰基-L-赖氨酸的合成研究

Using H2O-acetone as solvent, sodium bicarbonate as acid binder and catalyst, N^ε-tert-butoxycarbony- L-lysine copper （Ⅱ） complex was synthesized successfully by Nε-tert-butoxycarbonylation of L-lysine copper （Ⅱ） complex which was furnished by protection of the α-amino and carbonyl of L-lysine with copper （Ⅱ） sulfate pentahydrate. The free α-amino was released from Nε-tert -butoxycarbonylation of L-lysine copper （Ⅱ）complex promoted by copper catching regent, and followed by Nα-9-fluorenylmethyloxycarbonylation catalysted by sodium carbonate with H2O-acetone as solvent to form Nα-9-fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl-Nε-tert-butyloxycarbonyl-l-lysine （Fmoc-L-Lys （Boc） -OH）. The effects of four kinds of copper catching regents on the Nα -9- fluorenylmethyloxycarbonylation were studied, and the results showed the excellent copper catching regent were sodium sulfide and 8-hydroxyquinoline. The reaction conditions of Nα-9-fluorenylmethyloxycarbonylation such as ratio of Nε-tert-butoxycarbony-L-lysine copper （Ⅱ） complex to Fmoc-Osu, reaction time, reaction temperature were investigated in detail. The optimum reaction conditions were obtained as follow： the mole ratio of Nε-tert- butoxycarbony-L-lysine copper （Ⅱ） complex to Fmoc-Osu is 1.00 ： 0.98, the reaction temperatureare is room temperatureare and the reaction time is 3 h. Under those conditions, Fmoc-L-Lys （Boc）-OH was reached in 91.7% yield with 99.1% purity.     

乙酰乙酸乙酯金属配合物催化丁二酸二甲酯和碳酸乙烯酯的耦合反应

研究了乙酰乙酸乙酯金属配合物催化碳酸乙烯酯(EC)和丁二酸二甲酯(DMSu)同时合成聚丁二酸乙二醇酯(PES)预聚体和碳酸二甲酯(DMC)耦合反应新工艺。结果表明,以乙酰乙酸乙酯锌为催化剂,反应温度205～215℃,n(乙酰乙酸乙酯锌)/n(EC+DMSu)=0.001,n(EC)/n(DMSu)=4,反应时间1 h时,DMC收率为52.3%,PES的特性黏度为0.117 4 dL/g。     

氧化锌催化丁二酸二甲酯和碳酸乙烯酯的耦合反应

研究了ZnO催化碳酸乙烯酯和丁二酸二甲酯耦合反应合成聚丁二酸乙二醇酯预聚体和碳酸二甲酯的新工艺。考察了ZnO催化剂焙烧温度对耦合反应的催化活性,优化了反应条件。并对ZnO催化剂进行XRD、BET和NH₃-TPD表征。以FTIR和¹H NMR表征聚丁二酸乙二醇酯预聚体。结果表明,在225~235℃,EC/DMSu摩尔比为2,催化剂/(EC+DMSu)摩尔比为0.005,反应时间为3 h的反应条件下,碳酸二甲酯收率为59.7%,聚丁二酸乙二醇酯预聚物的特性黏度为0.3857 dl·g^-1。通过XRD和NH₃-TPD分析,推测ZnO表面的晶体缺陷和弱酸性是影响耦合反应催化活性的原因。     

有机锡催化碳酸乙烯酯与丁二酸二甲酯耦合反应

以含有不同取代基的有机锡化合物为催化剂,通过碳酸乙烯酯（EC）与丁二酸二甲酯（DMSu）耦合法制备了聚丁二酸乙二醇酯（PES）和碳酸二甲酯（DMC）,并对PES的结构进行了表征。结果表明,有机锡取代基团的电子效应和空间位阻对其催化性能具有很大影响;取代基的吸电子效应越大、空间位阻越小,有机锡的催化活性越高,但若有机锡中存在B酸中心时则容易引起副反应,导致产物选择性差。综合考虑,Bu₂SnO的催化性能最好,最优反应条件下,DMC的收率可达到70.08%,PES的特性黏数可达到0.622 dl·g^-1。     

固载化离子液体催化碳酸乙烯酯水解制备乙二醇

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了以SiO2为载体的固载化离子液体催化剂,并将其首次用于催化碳酸乙烯酯(EC)水解制备乙二醇(EG)的反应. 结果表明,固载化碱性离子液体S-[bpim][HCO3]对碳酸乙烯酯水解制EG反应具有良好的催化活性和EG选择性,克服了非均相催化剂活性不高与均相催化剂难以分离的不足. 在催化剂浓度为0.0511 g/mL、温度140℃、压力0.4 MPa及EC/H2O=1:2(摩尔比)、反应时间3 h的条件下,EC转化率达99.7%,EG选择性为100%. 该催化剂在循环使用5次后,EC转化率无明显下降,EG的选择性始终接近100%.     

氟代碳酸乙烯酯的合成

以偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)为引发剂,硫酰氯(SO2Cl2)为氯化剂,对碳酸乙烯酯(EC)进行氯化,合成了氯代碳酸乙烯酯(CEC);在反应温度65℃,硫酰氯滴加时间72 min,反应时间90 min,n(EC)∶n(SO2Cl2)=1∶1.3,n(AIBN)∶n(EC)=1∶200的条件下,CEC的收率达85.81%。以氟化钾(KF)为氟化剂在溶剂中对CEC进行氟化,得到锂离子电池电解液添加剂氟代碳酸乙烯酯(FEC);在反应温度75℃,反应时间1.5～2 h,n(CEC)∶n(KF)=1∶1.3,V(CEC)∶V(乙腈)=1∶1的条件下,FEC的收率达71.86%。采用红外光谱及气质联用分析对产物进行了结构表征。     

超临界CO2萃取反应合成碳酸二甲酯

实验测定了不同条件下碳酸二甲酯(DMC)、甲醇、乙二醇(EG)、碳酸乙烯酯(EC)在超临界相和液相中的分配系数,计算了DMC相对于其他组分的分离因子. DMC相对于甲醇的分离因子随EC浓度的升高而降低,随DMC和EG含量增加而升高,随压力增加而增大,随温度升高而变小. 这种变化规律表明利用超临界萃取与反应耦合提高酯交换反应转化率的前提是：(1) 反应体系中DMC的浓度要高,即进料中环氧乙烷(EO)的浓度要高,且EC转化率要高;(2) 低的反应温度和高的反应压力. 在160℃和5~20 MPa下,以环氧乙烷、甲醇和CO2为原料,考察了超临界CO2萃取与反应相耦合提高酯交换反应转化率的可行性. 研究结果表明,DMC与甲醇间的分离因子是影响超临界萃取反应操作过程中DMC收率的关键因素. 采用耦合技术可以提高DMC的单级收率约4%以上.     

MgO/γ-Al_2O_3高效催化碳酸乙烯酯水解合成乙二醇

制备了MgO/γ-Al2O3固体碱催化剂,采用X射线衍射、CO2-TPD程序升温脱附等手段表征了催化剂的结构和碱性质。结果表明:MgO负载量(质量分数)对催化剂上MgO的分散程度和催化剂碱性质有着重要影响。负载MgO后,γ-Al2O3仍然保持了原有的结构。当MgO的负载量小于9%时,几乎检测不到MgO特征衍射峰。催化剂的碱量随MgO负载量的增加而逐步提高,当负载量为9%时其碱量达到最大。考察了MgO负载量、反应时间、反应温度对碳酸乙烯酯(EC)水解反应合成乙二醇(EG)的影响。随着MgO负载量的增加,EC转化率逐渐上升。工艺条件研究表明:140℃和3 h以及酯水比(摩尔比)1∶1为最佳催化反应条件。采用9%MgO/γ-Al2O3为催化剂,在最佳工艺条件下,EG收率高达95.6%。     

Studies in transesterification of ethylene carbonate to dimethyl carbonate over Amberlyst A‐21 catalyst

Transesterification of ethylene carbonate (EC) with methanol (MeOH) was studied in a slurry reactor using various homogeneous and heterogeneous, acidic as well as basic, catalysts. Among all catalysts studied, the weakly basic anion‐exchange resin Amberlyst A‐21 gave more than 95% selectivity towards dimethyl carbonate (based on EC converted). Using this Amberlyst A‐21 as a catalyst, the kinetics for the transesterification reaction was studied in the range of temperature from 363 to 393 K, varying catalyst loading from 11.24 to 44.97 kg m^?3 and the molar ratio MeOH:EC being varied between 4:1 and 16:1. The initial rate data were analysed using a power law model to aid process design. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry     

KF改性MgAl水滑石催化酯交换合成碳酸乙烯酯

通过简单的共沉淀法制备了MgAl水滑石（Mg₃Al₁-LDH）。随后通过超声法成功合成了KF负载的Mg₃Al₁-LDH（KF/Mg₃Al₁-LDH）前体,并在450℃下煅烧5h,得到一系列KF/Mg₃Al₁-LDO催化剂。使用X射线衍射、热重、红外光谱、N₂-吸脱附、CO₂-程序升温脱附对所制备的催化剂进行表征。表征结果显示样品具有典型的水滑石结构、较好的热稳定性和较高的碱强度。以KF-Mg₃Al₁-LDO作为催化剂用于碳酸二甲酯（DMC）和乙二醇（EG）酯交换合成碳酸乙烯酯（EC）的反应中,考察了反应工艺条件对催化性能的影响。KF/Mg₃Al₁-LDO催化剂表现出良好的催化性能。在酯醇摩尔比为1∶1、催化剂用量占DMC质量2%、反应温度为100℃、反应时间为4h的条件下,EC收率达到最高（54%）。催化剂可循环使用5次以上而催化活性没有显著下降。     

酯交换法合成碳酸二甲酯的催化剂研究

用ＺＳＭ－５分子筛作为甲醇和碳酸乙烯酯反应碳酸二甲酯 系的催化剂,通过对ＺＳＭ－５进行阳离子交换和浸渍法改性发现,ＺＳＭ－５分子筛碱性中心对反应起主要作用,适当强度的碱中心更有利于反应的正向进行。当甲 碳酸 乙酯的摩尔比为４：１,液时空速１ｍｌ／ｇｈ,反应温度１００℃,压力０．７ＭＰａ时,用碳酸钠改改性ＺＳＭ－５作催化剂,碳酸乙烯酯的转化率为５０％。