“3R”原则的成功范例——二氨基芪二磺酸氧化废水治理的新工艺

二氨基芪二磺酸(DSD酸)氧化废水是极难治理的重污染源,传统上只进行末端治理,达标后再排放。这样的治理方法,实际效果很差,以消除氧化废水排放的溶剂法氧化工艺迟迟未能工业化。在循环经济理论3R原则(Reduce,Reuse,Recycle)指导下,自主创新改革氧化工艺,从源头上减少资源的投入,实现"减量化";新工艺末端采用资源化处理技术,回收废水中有用的资源,实现"再利用"、"再循环"。成功的解决了曾经困扰DSD酸行业发展的老大难问题,促进了我国DSD酸工业的发展。     

"3R"原则的成功范例——二氨基芪二磺酸氧化废水治理的新工艺

二氨基芪二磺酸(DSD酸)氧化废水是极难治理的重污染源,传统上只进行末端治理,达标后再排放.这样的治理方法,实际效果很差,以消除氧化废水排放的溶剂法氧化工艺迟迟未能工业化.在循环经济理论3R原则(Reduce,Reuse,Recycle)指导下,自主创新改革氧化工艺,从源头上减少资源的投入,实现"减量化";新工艺末端采用资源化处理技术,回收废水中有用的资源,实现"再利用"、"再循环".成功的解决了曾经困扰DSD酸行业发展的老大难问题,促进了我国DSD酸工业的发展.     

DSD酸氧化废水处理技术比较

DSD酸氧化废水为高浓度有机废水,含盐量高,色度高,属于极难生物降解的废水,是化工领域最难处理的废水之一。根据国内近10年来DSD酸氧化废水处理的技术发展,从工艺技术、成本等方面对各种处理方法的优劣进行比较,并提出了该研究领域的新动向。     

DSD酸氧化废水处理技术研究进展

DSD酸作为一种重要的染料中间体,产量日益增加,对其生产废水的治理也就显得迫切和重要。本文对DSD酸氧化废水的研究进展进行了评述,对目前工业上采用的治理方法的优劣进行了详细讨论,并对该废水资源化治理的可行性进行了分析,提出了一些新的方法和设想,预测了今后DSD酸氧化废水治理工作的重点所在。     

谈“十一五”我国DSD酸工业的愿景

在"十五"期间,我国DSD酸工业抓住国内外两个市场的发展契机,通过对磺化和氧化工艺、工艺装备、产品标准化工作、治理氧化废水技术等方面持续不断的技术创新,使我国迅速发展成DSD酸的生产和出口大国。本文指出了存在的不足。分析了"十一五"我国DSD酸工业发展的前景,提出:①继续把创新特别是自主创新作为促进我国DSD酸工业发展的核心动力;②要创造一个公平竞争的社会环境;③要加快产品质量标准化升级工作的进程。     

洁净工艺生产DSD酸

利用对硝基甲苯在发烟硫酸中磺化,产物在DMSO中氧化缩合,进而用铁粉还原制得高收率DSD酸,并对上述制备工艺进行了设计,实现了工业化生产。结果表明:采用该工艺生产DSD酸,产品总收率可达82％～87％,氧化废水得以消除,溶剂DMSO回收率高达96％以上。     

洁净工艺生产DSD酸

利用对硝基甲苯在发烟硫酸中磺化，产物在DMSO中氧化缩合，进而用铁粉还原制得高收率DSD酸，并对上述制备工艺进行了设计，实现了工业化生产，结果表明：采用该工艺生产DSD酸，产品总收率可达82％－87％，氧化废水得到消除，溶剂DMSO回收率高达96％以上。     

我国DSD酸行业“十五”回顾及“十一五”展望

回顾"十五"期间,我国DSD酸行业抓住国内外两个市场的发展契机,通过对合成工艺、工艺装备、产品标准化工作、治理氧化工序废水技术等方面持续不断的技术创新,使我国迅速发展成DSD酸的生产和出口大国。分析了目前存在的不足。展望"十一五"我国DSD酸工业发展的前景,提出建议:继续把创新、特别是自主创新,作为促进我国DSD酸工业发展的核心动力;创造一个公平竞争的社会环境;加快产品质量标准化升级工作的进程。     

我国DSD酸行业"十五"回顾及"十一五"展望

回顾"十五"期间,我国DSD酸行业抓住国内外两个市场的发展契机,通过对合成工艺、工艺装备、产品标准化工作、治理氧化工序废水技术等方面持续不断的技术创新,使我国迅速发展成DSD酸的生产和出口大国.分析了目前存在的不足.展望"十一五"我国DSD酸工业发展的前景,提出建议:继续把创新、特别是自主创新,作为促进我国DSD酸工业发展的核心动力;创造一个公平竞争的社会环境;加快产品质量标准化升级工作的进程.     

对我国DSD酸工业“十一五”发展的思考

回顾总结了"十五"期间我国DSD酸工业抓住国内外两个市场的发展契机,通过对合成工艺、工艺装备、产品标准化工作、治理氧化废水技术等方面持续不断的技术创新,使我国迅速发展成DSD酸的生产和出口大国.分析了存在的不足.展望"十一五"我国DSD酸工业发展的前景,提出①.继续把创新特别是自主创新作为促进我国DSD酸工业发展的核心动力;②.要创造一个公平竞争的社会环境;③.加快产品质量标准化升级工作的进程.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。