三肽D-Trp-Arg-Leu-NH2抑制B16黑色素瘤细胞黑色素合成的机制

为了研究三肽D-Trp-Arg-Leu-NH₂(dWRL)对小鼠B16细胞的酪氨酸酶(TYR)活性、黑色素合成及相关基因和蛋白表达的影响，探讨dWRL抑制黑色素生成的可能机制，我们体外培养小鼠B16细胞，采用MTT法测定细胞增殖情况、L-多巴氧化法测定TYR活性、氢氧化钠裂解法测定细胞黑色素含量、qRT-PCR和Western Blot法分别检测药物作用后B16细胞中小眼畸形相关转录因子(MITF)、TYR的mRNA和蛋白表达水平。结果显示三肽dWRL在试验浓度范围内可明显抑制α-黑色素细胞刺激素(α-MSH)诱导的B16细胞内TYR活性、黑色素合成量及MITF、TYR基因及蛋白的表达量，且呈浓度依赖性。所以三肽dWRL在体外能抑制B16细胞黑色素的合成，上述变化可能是通过下调MITF和TYR的基因转录和蛋白表达作用来完成。     

GHK对B16细胞内黑色素合成的抑制作用

为探讨甘氨酰组氨酰赖氨酸(GHK)对细胞内黑色素合成的抑制作用以及可能的作用机制,为GHK作为美白化妆品的添加剂提供试验依据,采用液相合成方法制备GHK,研究GHK对蘑菇酪氨酸酶的抑制作用及对小鼠B16黑素瘤细胞(B16)增殖、酪氨酸酶活性及黑色素合成的影响。结果表明,GHK在质量浓度低于5 g/L时,在培养过程中B16细胞的增殖并没有受到影响,且随着GHK浓度的提高,对B16细胞内的酪氨酸酶活性及黑色素合成均呈现质量浓度依赖性的抑制作用。说明GHK对B16细胞内黑色素的合成具有显著的抑制作用,是一种高效的黑色素合成抑制剂,在美白化妆品中具有良好的应用潜力。     

葡萄籽提取物对B16细胞内黑色素合成的抑制作用

为探讨葡萄籽提取物(GSE)对细胞内黑色素合成的抑制作用以及可能的作用机制,为GSE作为美白化妆品的天然添加剂提供实验依据,采用高表达黑色素的小鼠黑素瘤细胞(B16)为细胞模型,观察在细胞培养液中添加不同质量浓度的GSE后,黑色素生成量的变化,黑色素生成的关键酶——酪氨酸酶的表达量及活性的变化以及对B16细胞增殖的影响。结果表明,GSE在质量浓度为100 mg·L-1时,对B16细胞内黑色素合成的抑制率为(50.05±0.21)%,对细胞内酪氨酸酶活性的抑制率为(34.89±0.17)%,细胞内酪氨酸酶表达量受到抑制,且均呈质量浓度依赖性抑制作用;在培养过程中,B16细胞的增殖没有受到影响。说明GSE对B16细胞内黑色素的合成具有显著的抑制作用,其抑制机制可能是GSE抑制了酪氨酸酶蛋白的表达以及降低该酶的活性。GSE是一种高效的黑色素合成抑制剂,可作为美白化妆品的天然添加剂。     

苦水玫瑰精油对B16细胞中黑色素合成的影响及机制研究

本文研究苦水玫瑰精油对小鼠B16黑素瘤细胞中黑色素合成的影响,并探讨其作用机制,为苦水玫瑰精油作为天然活性物质的开发应用提供实验依据。采用气相色谱与质谱联用技术（GC-MS）分析苦水玫瑰精油中的挥发性物质成分,研究对象为体外培养的小鼠B16细胞,构建α-黑素细胞刺激素（α-MSH）诱导的黑色素高表达细胞模型;经不同质量浓度的苦水玫瑰精油干预后,对B16细胞进行台盼蓝染色观察,采用CCK8法测定苦水玫瑰精油对黑色素细胞活力的影响;分别采用酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA）和多巴氧化法分析B16细胞中的黑色素含量和酪氨酸酶（Tyr）活性的变化;利用质量浓度为2 g/L的苦水玫瑰精油分别处理B16细胞12,24和48 h,通过实时荧光定量PCR(quantitative Real-timePCR,qRT-PCR)以及蛋白免疫印迹检测（Westernblot）实验测定B16细胞内环磷酸腺苷（cyclicadenosine monophosphate,cAMP）的反应元件结合蛋白（CRE-bindingprotein,CREB）、p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶（p38MAP kinase,p38MAPK）、...     

氨氯地平及5-氟尿嘧啶联合用药对小鼠肝癌H22细胞的抑制作用

目的探讨氨氯地平(amlodipine)及5-氟尿嘧啶(5-fluorouracil,5-Fu)联合用药对小鼠肝癌H22细胞的抑制作用。方法经不同终浓度的氨氯地平(3.125、6.25、12.25、25和50μmol/L)及不同终浓度的5-Fu(12.5、25、50、100和200μg/ml)单独及联合作用小鼠肝癌H22细胞,24、48、72 h后,采用MTT法检测药物对H22细胞生长的抑制作用;流式细胞术及免疫细胞化学法分别检测药物作用48 h后对H22细胞凋亡及细胞中Bcl-2、Bax表达水平的影响。将H22细胞(1.0×107个/ml)经小鼠右腋皮下注射,0.2 ml/只,于注射第2天,将小鼠分为空白对照组(经腹腔注射0.9%生理盐水,0.2 ml/d)、氨氯地平组[用氨氯地平片剂灌胃,10 mg/(0.1 ml·10 g体重·d)]、5-Fu组[分别于接种后第3、6、9天,经腹腔注射5-Fu溶液,10 mg/(1 ml·10 g体重·d)]及联合用药组(氨氯地平及5-Fu的给药方式与剂量同氨氯地平组及5-Fu组),每组10只(雌雄各半),连续给药10 d,次日断颈处死小鼠,称瘤重,并计算肿瘤生长抑制率。结果氨氯地平组、5-Fu组及联合用药组的细胞生长抑制率均随药物浓度增加逐渐上升,且呈剂量-时间依赖性。联合用药组与氨氯地平组及5-Fu组比较,H22细胞的凋亡率明显升高(P0.05);Bcl-2表达水平明显降低,Bax的表达水平明显升高(P0.05);小鼠体内瘤重明显降低(P0.001),肿瘤生长抑制率明显升高(P0.01)。结论氨氯地平与5-Fu联合用药对体内H22细胞的抑制作用明显强于各单独用药组,具有协同作用,为氨氯地平作为一种化疗增敏剂用于肿瘤的临床治疗提供了实验依据。     

白梅花提取物抗氧化及美白功效评价

采用体外评价方法对白梅花提取物进行抗氧化及美白功效研究。通过测定白梅花提取物对超氧阴离子及羟自由基清除的半数抑制浓度(IC₅₀),以及在H₂O₂诱导人皮肤成纤维细胞株(HFF-1细胞)氧化损伤模型中,考察白梅花提取物对细胞形态学、细胞存活率、丙二醛(MDA)含量、活性氧自由基(ROS)含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力、谷胱甘肽(GSH)活力、Ⅰ型胶原蛋白(ColⅠ)以及基质金属蛋白酶1(MMP-1)含量的影响,评价其抗氧化功效。采用酪氨酸酶活性抑制实验以及小鼠黑色素瘤细胞株(B16-F10细胞)黑色素含量测定实验评价白梅花提取物的美白功效。结果表明白梅花提取物具有自由基清除作用,且白梅花60%醇提物、白梅花90%醇提物可明显提高HFF-1细胞活力、SOD活力、GSH活力以及ColⅠ含量,下调ROS、MDA及MMP-1含量,并明显降低B16-F10细胞中的黑色素含量,表现出明显的抗氧化及美白功效。     

复方精油对小鼠B16细胞内黑色素生成影响

为探讨一款复方精油抑制酪氨酸酶活性和黑色素含量的效果,采用气相色谱与质谱联用技术(GC-MS)对一款复方精油进行成分分析;以促黑素细胞激素(α-MSH)诱导黑色素高表达的小鼠黑色素瘤细胞(B16细胞)为模型,利用台盼蓝染色记数细胞、CKK8法测定复方精油对黑色素细胞活力的影响;分别采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)和多巴...     

珍珠灵芝复配物美白功效与机理初步研究

为研究珍珠灵芝提取物复配在美白类化妆品中开发的优势,采用体外酪氨酸酶活性和小鼠B16黑色素瘤细胞模型实验,分别对黑灵芝提取物、珍珠提取物及其复配物的美白功效进行评价,测定三者对体外酪氨酸酶活性、B16细胞相对黑色素含量、酪氨酸酶(TYR)和酪氨酸酶相关蛋白-1(TRP1)mRNA表达水平的影响。结果表明,1%黑灵芝提取物、2%珍珠提取物及二者组成的复配物均可显著抑制酪氨酸酶活性(P<0.05)、降低细胞内黑色素含量(P<0.05),其中复配物组对酪氨酸酶活性、细胞内黑色素生成抑制率分别达32.87%、68.27%,均优于单用组(P<0.05);此外,复配物组可显著下调TRP1 mRNA表达水平(P<0.05),而单用组无显著下调TRP1 mRNA表达水平的效果,提示复配物组较单用组有更好地抑制真黑色素生成的功效,具有开发成为化妆品功效添加剂加入美白化妆品的潜力。     

圣草酚对角质形成细胞和黑色素瘤细胞共培养体系中黑色素合成的促进作用

为了研究圣草酚对角质形成细胞(HaCaT)与黑色素瘤细胞(B16)共培养体系中细胞增殖、酪氨酸酶活性、黑色素含量以及酪氨酸酶(TYR)、酪氨酸相关蛋白1(TRP-1)、酪氨酸相关蛋白2(TRP-2) mRNA表达的影响,建立了HaCaT细胞与B16细胞体外共培养体系模拟“表皮黑色素形成单位”,分别采用MTT法测定细胞增殖率、多巴氧化速率法测定细胞酪氨酸酶激活率、氢氧化钠裂解法测定细胞黑色素合成率、实时荧光定量PCR法测定TYR、TRP-1、TRP-2的基因相对表达量。结果表明,圣草酚在低浓度下对共培养体系中的细胞无毒性作用,而且有明显的促增殖作用;12.5～50μmol·L^-1圣草酚对共培养体系中细胞酪氨酸酶活性有激活作用(P<0.001),并呈剂量依赖性;12.5～50μmol·L^-1圣草酚能显著提高共培养体系中细胞黑色素合成率(P<0.01或P<0.0001);12.5～50μmol·L^-1圣草酚能显著提高共培养体系中TYR的基因相对表达量(P<0.01或P<0.001),25～50μm...     

4种植物花复合提取液的美白功效及刺激性研究

采用醇提法以洋甘菊、橙花、茉莉花、百合花4种植物花为原料制备得到复合提取液,应用小鼠黑色素瘤细胞(B16)增殖率测定、黑色素生成抑制试验、细胞内酪氨酸酶活性测定、体外酪氨酸酶活性抑制试验以及红细胞溶血试验对其美白功效和刺激性进行评估。结果表明,4种植物花复合提取液能显著抑制B16细胞内的黑色素合成和酪氨酸酶活性,且不影响细胞的增殖生长;依ECVAM刺激性分类标准,其分级为无刺激性。复合提取液既安全又高效,可以作为天然美白剂添加到化妆品中。     

Verteporfin-Loaded Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles’ Topical Applications Inhibit Mouse Melanoma Lymphangiogenesis and Micrometastasis In Vivo

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been pointed out as a candidate for improving melanoma treatment. Nanotechnology application in PDT has increased its efficacy by reducing side effects. Herein, mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) conjugated with verteporfin (Ver-MSNs), in use with PDT, were administered in mice to evaluate their efficacy on lymphoangiogenesis and micrometastasis in melanoma. Melanoma was induced in mice by the subcutaneous injection of B16-F10 cells. The mice were transcutaneously treated with MSNs, Ver-MSNs, or glycerol and exposed to red light. The treatment was carried out four times until day 20. Lymphangiogenesis and micrometastasis were identified by the immunohistochemical method. Lymphoangiogenesis was halved by MSN treatment compared with the control animals, whereas the Ver-MSN treatment almost abolished it. A similar reduction was also observed in lung micrometastasis. PDT with topically administrated Ver-MSNs reduced melanoma lymphoangiogenesis and lung micrometastasis, as well as tumor mass and angiogenesis, and therefore their use could be an innovative and useful tool in melanoma clinical therapy.     

氨氯地平对小鼠肝癌H_(22)细胞细胞周期及相关蛋白表达的影响

目的探讨氨氯地平对小鼠肝癌H22细胞细胞周期及相关蛋白表达的影响。方法用不同浓度的氨氯地平作用小鼠肝癌H22细胞,采用MTT法检测细胞的增殖水平,流式细胞术检测细胞周期和凋亡情况,免疫组化及RT-PCR法检测细胞周期蛋白CyclinB1和肿瘤抑制基因p53在蛋白水平和基因水平的表达。结果氨氯地平(1.75×10-3、3.5×10-3、7×10-3、14×10-3、28×10-3mg/ml)作用24、36、48h,均可抑制细胞增殖,作用48h的半数抑制浓度(IC50)为13.4μmol/L;氨氯地平对小鼠肝癌H22细胞细胞周期G2期具有阻滞作用且可使细胞发生凋亡;氨氯地平作用后的小鼠肝癌H22细胞周期蛋白CyclinB1的表达明显降低,p53表达明显增高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论氨氯地平能显著抑制小鼠肝癌H22细胞增殖,并通过下调G2期周期蛋白CyclinB1水平和上调肿瘤抑制基因p53的表达而达到抗肿瘤效果。     

Erdr1 Suppresses Murine Melanoma Growth via Regulation of Apoptosis

Melanoma, one of the aggressive cancers, is known to be resistant to chemotherapy. Because of its aggressive nature, effectively inducing apoptosis is necessary to treat melanoma. Erythroid differentiation regulator 1 (Erdr1) is known to be a stress-related survival factor exhibiting anti-cancer effects in several cancers. However, little is known about the functions and underlying mechanisms of Erdr1 so far. To demonstrate the effect of Erdr1 in melanoma apoptosis, recombinant murine Erdr1 was injected into mice implanted with B16F10 melanoma cells. In vivo tumor growth was significantly inhibited in mice injected with Erdr1 compared to the control. In addition, the tumor from Erdr1-injected mice showed an increased level of apoptosis. Accordingly, apoptosis-regulating factors including anti-apoptotic marker Bcl-2 and pro-apoptotic marker Bax in the tumor tissues were examined. As expected, the decreased level of Bcl-2 and increased level of Bax were detected in tumors within the mice injected with Erdr1. Based on the in vivo study, the role of Erdr1 in tumor apoptosis was further tested by incubating it with cells of the murine melanoma cell line B16F10. Erdr1-induced apoptosis in B16F10 cells was observed. Additionally, Erdr1 downregulated STAT3 activity, inhibiting apoptosis via regulation of the Bcl-2 family. Overall, data demonstrate that Erdr1 induced murine melanoma apoptosis through the regulation of Bcl-2 and Bax. These findings suggest that Erdr1 is a novel regulator of apoptosis in melanoma.     

氨氯地平对人乳腺癌细胞MCF-7细胞周期和周期蛋白表达的影响及其调控机制

目的探讨氨氯地平对人乳腺癌细胞MCF-7细胞周期及周期蛋白表达的影响及其调控机制。方法以不同浓度的氨氯地平处理对数生长期的MCF-7细胞,MTT法检测细胞增殖水平;流式细胞仪分析细胞周期;免疫细胞化学法检测细胞周期蛋白cyclinD1、p21和p53的表达。结果氨氯地平呈剂量和时间依赖性抑制MCF-7细胞增殖,IC50为14.439μmol/L;经7.220μmol/L(0.5IC5)0、14.439μmol/L(1IC5)0和28.880μmol/L(2IC50)氨氯地平处理48h,G0/G1期细胞比例较对照组明显增高;经7.220μmol/L氨氯地平处理48h,MCF-7细胞中cyclinD1蛋白表达降低,p21和p53蛋白表达升高。结论氨氯地平对MCF-7细胞的增殖具有抑制作用,此作用与使细胞阻滞于G1期有关,其机制与调控细胞周期相关蛋白cyclinD1、p21和p53的表达有关。     

灵芝精粉与灵芝孢子粉对Lewis肺癌模型小鼠免疫功能的影响

目的研究灵芝精粉与灵芝孢子粉对Lewis肺癌模型小鼠免疫功能的影响,并比较二者在肿瘤治疗中的免疫调节作用。方法经C57BL/6小鼠右腋皮下接种1×106个Lewis肺癌细胞,建立小鼠Lewis肺癌模型。于接种肿瘤细胞次日至第20天,分别隔日灌胃灵芝孢子粉(D1)、灵芝精粉001(D2)及灵芝精粉002(D3),剂量均为0.5g/kg,同时设立对照组和肿瘤组(灌胃等体积生理盐水)。监测各组小鼠体重及瘤体积,第21日处死小鼠,称量瘤重,并无菌制备脾细胞悬液,检测小鼠NK细胞杀伤活性,流式细胞术检测小鼠脾细胞中CD4+、CD8+T细胞和B细胞数量,淋巴细胞转化试验检测脾细胞中T、B细胞增殖功能。结果与对照组比较,肿瘤组小鼠脾细胞中T、B细胞增殖功能、细胞数量及NK细胞杀伤活性均有不同程度的下降。与肿瘤组相比,3种灵芝制剂均可提高Lewis肺癌模型小鼠NK细胞的杀伤活性和T、B细胞增殖功能,其中,以D2作用最为明显(P<0.05);3种灵芝制剂均可不同程度地提高Lewis肺癌模型小鼠CD4+、CD8+T细胞数量,其中,以D3作用最为显著(P<0.05)。3种灵芝制剂对Lewis肺癌模型小鼠的体重、瘤重、瘤体积及B细胞数量均无明显影响。结论灵芝制剂对Lewis肺癌小鼠的免疫功能具有正向调节作用,其中灵芝精粉的作用优于灵芝孢子粉。     

LHRH-PE40对荷瘤BALB/c小鼠抗肿瘤效果的实验研究

目的 观察LHRH-PE40对小鼠腹水瘤及实体瘤的治疗效果,为确定药理、毒理学实验剂量提供依据。方法 分别给BALB/c小鼠腹腔内和背部皮下接种骨髓瘤SP2/0细胞,接种后第4d和第9d,分别腹腔注射LHRH-PE40,并设空白对照组,停药后第5d处死,观察两组小鼠腹水和腹腔内肿瘤生长情况,称量瘤重,计算抑瘤率。结果 腹水瘤实验组所有小鼠腹部未见腹水,腹腔未见肿瘤。实体瘤实验组抑瘤率为54％。结论LHRH-PE40可以有效地抑制荷瘤小鼠实体瘤的生长。     

骨桥蛋白反义基因对乳腺癌荷瘤裸鼠肿瘤生长及肺转移的影响

目的探讨骨桥蛋白反义基因(ANOPN)对乳腺癌荷瘤裸鼠肿瘤生长及肺转移的影响。方法构建人骨桥蛋白反义基因真核表达质粒pcDNA3.1-ANOPN,将质粒pcDNA3.1-ANOPN、空载体pcDNA3.1(+)和等量的脂质体分别转染人乳腺癌细胞系MDA-MA-231,将转染细胞分别命名为MDA-ANOPN、MDA-vect和MDA,接种至裸鼠,观察肿瘤的生长、转移情况,并用免疫组化法检测肿瘤组织切片中OPN的表达。结果重组质粒pcDNA3.1-ANOPN经酶切、PCR及测序,证明构建正确。MDA-ANOPN组裸鼠出瘤时间、肿瘤体积及重量较MDA-vect和MDA组均显著降低,肿瘤肺转移灶数量减少,OPN表达较低。结论ANOPN可抑制裸鼠移植瘤的生长及肺转移。     

Blockade of Platelet CysLT1R Receptor with Zafirlukast Counteracts Platelet Protumoral Action and Prevents Breast Cancer Metastasis to Bone and Lung

Metastases are the main cause of death in cancer patients, and platelets are largely known for their contribution in cancer progression. However, targeting platelets is highly challenging given their paramount function in hemostasis. Using a high-throughput screening and platelet-induced breast tumor cell survival (PITCS) assay as endpoint, we identified the widely used anti-asthmatic drugs and cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1 (CysLT1R) antagonists, zafirlukast and montelukast, as new specific blockers of platelet protumoral action. Here, we show that human MDA-B02 breast cancer cells produce CysLT through mechanisms involving microsomal glutathione-S-transferase 1/2/3 (MGST1/2/3) and that can modulate cancer cell–platelet interactions via platelet–CysLT1R. CysLT1R blockade with zafirlukast decreased platelet aggregation and adhesion on cancer cells and inhibited PITCS, migration, and invasion in vitro. Zafirlukast significantly reduced, by 90%, MDA-B02 cell dissemination to bone in nude mice and reduced by 88% 4T1 spontaneous lung metastasis formation without affecting primary tumor growth. Combined treatment of zafirlukast plus paclitaxel totally inhibited metastasis of 4T1 cells to the lungs. Altogether, our results reveal a novel pathway mediating the crosstalk between cancer cells and platelets and indicate that platelet CysLT1R represents a novel therapeutic target to prevent metastasis without affecting hemostasis.     

Histidine-Rich Glycoprotein Suppresses the S100A8/A9-Mediated Organotropic Metastasis of Melanoma Cells

The dissection of the complex multistep process of metastasis exposes vulnerabilities that could be exploited to prevent metastasis. To search for possible factors that favor metastatic outgrowth, we have been focusing on secretory S100A8/A9. A heterodimer complex of the S100A8 and S100A9 proteins, S100A8/A9 functions as a strong chemoattractant, growth factor, and immune suppressor, both promoting the cancer milieu at the cancer-onset site and cultivating remote, premetastatic cancer sites. We previously reported that melanoma cells show lung-tropic metastasis owing to the abundant expression of S100A8/A9 in the lung. In the present study, we addressed the question of why melanoma cells are not metastasized into the brain at significant levels in mice despite the marked induction of S100A8/A9 in the brain. We discovered the presence of plasma histidine-rich glycoprotein (HRG), a brain-metastasis suppression factor against S100A8/A9. Using S100A8/A9 as an affinity ligand, we searched for and purified the binding plasma proteins of S100A8/A9 and identified HRG as the major protein on mass spectrometric analysis. HRG prevents the binding of S100A8/A9 to the B16-BL6 melanoma cell surface via the formation of the S100A8/A9 complex. HRG also inhibited the S100A8/A9-induced migration and invasion of A375 melanoma cells. When we knocked down HRG in mice bearing skin melanoma, metastasis to both the brain and lungs was significantly enhanced. The clinical examination of plasma S100A8/A9 and HRG levels showed that lung cancer patients with brain metastasis had higher S100A8/A9 and lower HRG levels than nonmetastatic patients. These results suggest that the plasma protein HRG strongly protects the brain and lungs from the threat of melanoma metastasis.