Microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-7Zn-3Al alloy with Nd and Y additions

The effects of combined addition of 0.6 wt.% Nd and 0.4 wt.% Y on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-7Zn-3Al alloy were investigated.The results indicated that the Nd and Y addition led to obvious dendrite coarsening.However,it could modify the morphology and distribution of-Mg 32(Al,Zn) 49 intermetallics.Moreover,Al 2 REZn 2 phase could be introduced into the alloy with the Nd and Y addition.With the effective second-phase strengthening,the ultimate tensile strength and elongation in as-cast state can be improved by the Nd and Y addition.After ageing treatment,the alloy with the Nd and Y addition exhibited better precipitation strengthening effects by forming finer MgZn 2 and Mg 32(Al,Zn) 49 precipitates into the-Mg matrix.As a result,the yield and ultimate strength of Mg-7Zn3Al-0.6Nd-0.4Y alloy could be increased to 182 and 300 MPa by peak-ageing treatment.     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-10Y-2.5Sm alloy

The microstructure and mechanical properties of aged Mg-10Y-2.5Sm alloy were investigated. The results showed that the microstructure of the alloy consisted of α-Mg matrix and Mg₂₄Y₅ phase, and fine Mg₂₄Y₅ particles distributed in a-Mg matrix uniformly and dispersedly. Sm enhanced α-Mg matrix and Mg₂₄Y₅ phase by solid solution effect. At 200-300 °C, the ultimate tensile strengths were more than 200 MPa and the elongations were about 3%. Compared with those at room temperature, the mechanical properties had no obvious changes.     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of as-cast and heat treated Mg-15Gd-3Y alloy

The microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of Mg-15Gd-3Y alloy were investigated in the as-cast and heat treated conditions.The microstructure evolution from as-cast to cast-T4 states involved α-Mg solid solution+Mg5(Gd,Y) phase→α-Mg supersatu-rated solid solution+rare earths compound Mg3(Gd1.26,Y0.74)→α-Mg supersaturated solid solution+rare earths compound Mg3(Gd0.745,Y1.255).It showed that 480 oC/4 h was the optimal solution treatment parameter.If the solution temperature was high or the holding time was long,such as 520 oC/16 h,an overheating phenomenon would be induced,which had a detrimental effect on the mechanical properties.When age-ing at 225 and 200 oC,the alloy would exhibit a significant age-hardening response and great long-time-age-hardening potential,respectively.The best mechanical properties were obtained at the parameters of 480 oC/4 h+225 oC/16 h,with the UTS of 257.0 MPa and elongation of 3.8%.     

Effects of Nd on microstructure and mechanical properties of as-cast Mg-8Li-3Al alloy

Effects of Nd on microstructure and mechanical properties of as-cast Mg-8Li-3Al alloy were investigated by OM,X-ray diffraction(XRD),EPMA,scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS).The results showed that the dendrites sizes of α phase were decreased by the Nd addition.When the amount of addition Nd was 1.6 wt.%,the alloy with the smallest α phase was obtained.The refining mechanism mainly owed to the increasing constitutional supercooling at the solidification front.Furthermore,the compound Al 2 Nd generated by the reaction of Al and Nd,which distributed at the phase boundary and inside β phase,could also restrain the growth of α phase.Nd could improve the tensile strength and elongation of Mg-8Li-3Al alloy,however,excessive Al 2 Nd might also become crack source and decrease the elongation.     

稀土元素Sm对Mg-Zn-Y合金组织结构和力学性能的影响

制备了Mg-6Zn-1.5Y-0.8Zr-xSm(x=0,1,2,3)系列合金,研究了稀土元素Sm对Mg-6Zn-1.5Y-0.8Zr合金组织结构和力学性能的影响.通过金相显微镜、扫描电镜、EDS、XRD等观察和分析了合金的微观形貌和组织结构,测量了合金抗拉强度、屈服强度和伸长率等力学性能.结果表明:合金中添加稀土元素Sm后晶粒有了明显的细化,随着Sm元素含量的增加,晶粒细化效果更为明显;通过XRD分析,添加Sm元素后,合金中并没有出现新的含Sm的物相,通过扫描电镜和EDS分析表明,合金中加入的Sm置换了部分Y,形成了Mg3( SmY)2 Zn3,Mg3( SmY) Zn6的相结构,Sm元素对Y的置换主要出现在Mg3( SmY) Zn6结构当中,在Mg3 (SmY) Zn6相结构出现较少;力学性能测试结果表明,随着Sm含量增多,合金晶粒细化,细晶强化作用明显,合金屈服强度逐渐增大,而抗拉强度和伸长率在Sm含量为2％时达到最大,比未添加Sm元素时提高约15％以上.     

Effects of heat treatments on microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-15Gd-5Y-0.5Zr alloy

Microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-15wt.%Gd-5 wt.%Y-0.5wt.% Zr alloy were investigated in a series of conditions. The eutectic was dissolved into the matrix and there was no evident grain growth after solntionized at 525 ℃ for 12 h. The evolution of the phase constituents from as-cast to cast-T4 was as follows： α-Mg solid solution＋Mg5（Gd,Y） entectic compound→α-Mg solid solution＋ spheroidized Mg5（Gd, Y） phase→α-Mg supersaturated solid solution＋cuboid-shaped compound （Mg2Y3Gd2）. And the precipitation sequences of Mg-15Gd-5Y-0.5Zr alloy were observed, according to the hardness response to isothermal ageing at 225-300 ℃ for 0-128 h.     

混合稀土对Mg-9Y-0.6Zr镁合金组织和性能的影响

通过光学显微镜、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、描扫电镜(SEM)、微分扫描量热仪(DSC)和力学性能测试等手段,研究了加入质量分数为0%、1%、3%和5%混合稀土对Mg-9Y-0.6Zr(WK90)镁合金组织及性能的影响.结果表明:铸态WK90合金组织由α-Mg基体及少量的共晶组织构成,添加混合稀土后,晶界处的共晶组织明显增多,并由单一共晶形式转变为层状共晶和离异共晶并存;随着混合稀土添加量的增大,共晶组织的种类及数量增多,合金DSC曲线的低熔点吸热峰总面积增大并最终发生分离;混合稀土为3%铸态合金及含混合稀土为1%的挤压态合金分别具有最高的断裂强度,影响合金强度的因素除了晶粒尺寸外,离异共晶组织的分布状态和形貌也是重要的因素.     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-Zn-Mn-Sn-Nd wrought alloys

The microstructure and mechanical properties of as-cast and extruded Mg-6Zn-1Mn-4Sn-xNd(x=0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5) alloys were investigated by means of optical microscopy(OM), X-ray diffraction(XRD), scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and tensile test. The results showed that the dendrites sizes of these alloys were decreased by the addition of Nd. The phase compositions of the as-cast Mg-Zn-Mn-Sn-Nd alloys were dendritic α-Mg, MgZn2, Mg2 Sn, T phase and MgSnNd ternary phase. The mechanical properties of the as-extruded alloys were improved due to the refined equiaxed grains and dispersive Mg2 Sn and MgSnNd second phases. The comparison of the theoretical yield strength with the experimental yield strength revealed that the yield strength model of the as-extruded alloys should be modified as σys =σMg +σgb +σss +σsp.     

Effects of precipitates on grain size and mechanical properties of AZ31-x% Nd magnesium alloy

The effects of precipitates on grain size and mechanical properties of as-cast AZ3 1-x%Nd magnesium alloy were investi- gated, and the affecting mechanism was also discussed. The results indicated that Al2Nd phase, AlllNd3 phase and a few AI-Mn-Nd-Fe phase were furmed when adding 0.38 wt.%-1.46 wt.% Nd into AZ31 melt, coarse AI2Nd transformed into Al11Nd3 gradually with the increasing of Nd content. Due to structure and size transformation and content increasing of AI-Nd phase, the grain size of AZ31-x% Nd alloy increased firstly, and then decreased with the increment of Nd content. After reaching a minimum value, once again it rose up, provided that Nd content was further increased. The tensile property reached its optimal value when the adding amount of Nd content was 1.05 wl.%, however, adding excessive amount of Nd deteriorated both ultimate strength and elongation ofAZ31 alloy.     

Evolution of microstructure and tensile properties of extruded Mg-4Zn-1Y alloy

In order to investigate the effect of extrusion on Mg-4Zn-1Y alloy, microstructure and mechanical properties were analyzed by optical microscopy（OM）, scanning electron microscopy（SEM）, transmission electron microscopy（TEM）, X-ray diffraction（XRD）, energy dispersive spectrum（EDS） and tensile testing.The results indicated that the microstructure was obviously refined by extrusion and dynamic recrystallization.The second phases were dynamic precipitated and distributed more dispersively through extrusion.W-Phases（Mg3Zn3Y2） were twisted and broken, while I-Phases（Mg3Zn6Y） were spheroidized by deformation.Twin bands were formed to achieve the large deformation and hinder the slip of dislocations effectively to improve tensile properties.The tensile strength and elongation of extruded Mg-4Zn-1Y alloy were 254.94 MPa and 17.9% respectively which were improved greatly compared with those of as-cast alloy.The strengthening mechanisms of the extruded alloy were mainly fine-grain strengthening and distortion strengthening.     

Microstructure and creep behaviour of Mg-12Gd-3Y-1Zn-0.4Zr alloy

Microstructure and creep behaviour of Mg-12Gd-3Y-1Zn-0.4Zr alloy prepared by squeeze casting were investigated. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) observation revealed that a kind of lamellar-shaped morphologies 14h long-period stacking order structure (LPSO) and dense β’-phase precipitates were formed by heat treatment. The alloy exhibited good creep resistance. It was shown that the creep-resistant performance kept stable because of the restriction of dense β’-phase precipitates and LPSO phases to the movement of dislocations, and the formation of β-phase plates took responsibility for the softening of material during creep. Stress and temperature dependence of the steady-state creep rate were studied over stress range of 50-100 MPa and a temperature range of 250-300 oC, and a dislocation creep mechanism was proposed for the alloy.     

Study on microstructure and mechanical properties of ZL107 alloy added with yttrium

The effects of Y on the microstructure and mechanical properties of ZL107 alloy were investigated using optical microscope, scanning electron microscope (SEM), Brinell hardometer, and MTS 810-22M tensile testing machine in this paper. The results showed that after Y was added to ZL107 alloy, the size of α-Al dendritie reduced, the acicular eutectic Si became short rod-shaped or granular, and the number and size of the blowholes obviously reduced. The mechanical properties of ZL107 alloy firstly increased and then decreased with Y content increasing. When Y content was 0.1 wt.%, the tensile strength and hardness of the alloy were maximum.     

Microstructure and Properties of Mg-10%Al-(0～3%)Di Alloys

The effects of didymium(Nd:Pr=3:1)on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-10%Al alloy were studied with the additions of 0～3%Di. The small block-like Al2(Nd,Pr) phase appears in 1%Di alloy, the block-like Al2(Nd,Pr) and needle-like Al11(Nd,Pr)3 phases appear synchronously in 2%Di and 3%Di alloys, while the network of (Mg17Al12) β phase is broken up. The tensile properties can be improved with the addition of didymium. When the addition of didymium in Mg-10%Al alloy reaches 2%, the alloy exhibits the best combination of strength and ductility, but the strength and ductility drop at the addition of 3%Di due to the obvious increase of the size and quantity of the needle-like Al11(Nd,Pr)3 phase.     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of friction stir welding of AZ31B magnesium alloy added with cerium

The AZ31B magnesium alloy sheet added with 0.5 wt.% Ce was welded with friction stir welding(FSW).The microstructures and mechanical properties of the welded joint were investigated.The results showed that the microstructures in the weld nugget zone were uniform and with small equiaxed grains.The grains in the heat-affected zone and the thermo-mechanical affected zone were coarser than those in the base metal zone and the weld nugget zone.The ultimate tensile strength of AZ31B magnesium alloy added with 0.5...     

Comparison of effects of cerium, yttrium and gadolinium additions on as-cast microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-3Sn-1Mn magnesium alloy

The effects of Ce, Y and Gd additions on the as-cast microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-3Sn-1Mn alloy were investigated and compared by using optical and electron microscopies, X-ray diffraction analysis, and tensile and creep tests. The results indicated that the microstructure of the Mg-3Sn-1Mn alloy with the addition of 0.87 wt.%Ce was refined while the microstructures of the alloys with the additions of 0.79 wt.%Y or 0.84 wt.%Gd were coarsened. Furthermore, adding 0.87 wt.%Ce to the Mg-3Sn-1...     

Effects of calcium,samarium addition on microstructure and mechanical properties of AZ61 magnesium alloy

The microstructure and mechanical properties of AZ61 magnesium alloy with Ca, Sm addition were investigated. The results showed that the addition of 0.5 wt.% Ca reduced the quantity of Mg17Al12 phase, and formed a new Al4 Ca phase which is reticular in AZ61 alloy. With the addition of Ca and Sm, the microstructure was further refined and new Al-Sm rich phases were formed in AZ61 alloy with 0.6 wt.%–1.5 wt.% Sm addition, the TEM analysis confirmed that they were Al2 Sm and Al4 Sm. Tensile tests showed that 1.0 wt.% Sm addition contributed to the formation of the Al2 Sm and Al4 Sm and the improvement in the ambient strength, i.e., an ultimate tensile strength of 327 MPa and an elongation of 10.1%. However, excessive Sm addition led to the coarsening of Al2 Sm and Al4 Sm phases, thus resulted in the decline of strength and plasticity.     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-Zn-Y-Nd-Zr alloys

The microstructure and tensile properties of the as-cast and solution treatment Mg-4.5Zn-1Y-xNd-0.5Zr (x=0, 1 wt.%, 2 wt.%, 3 wt.%) alloys were investigated. The results showed that the microstructure of Mg-4.5Zn-1Y-0.5Zr alloy consisted of α-Mg, Zn-Zr, W (Mg₃Y₂Zn₃) and I (Mg₃YZn₆) phases. With the addition of Nd, I-phase disappeared and Mg₃Y₂Zn₃ phase changed into Mg₃(Nd,Y)₂Zn₃ phase. When the content of Nd reached 3 wt.%, T phase, i.e., ternary Mg-Zn-Nd phase, formed. In addition, with the increase of Nd content in the alloys, the secondary dendritic arm spacing decreased, while the amount of intermetallic phases increased. For as-cast Mg-4.5Zn-1Y-xNd-0.5Zr alloys, after solution treatment, microsegregation was eliminated and the shape of eutectic structure of α-Mg+W transformed from lamellar into spherical. The tensile strength and elongation of Mg-4.5Zn-1Y- 3Nd-0.5Zr alloy were increased from 219.2 MPa and 11.0% to 247.5 MPa and 20.0%, respectively.     

Grain coarsening in semi-solid state and tensile mechanical properties of thixoformed AZ91D-RE

For thixoforming to be possible,the microstructure of the starting material must be non-dendritic,which can be obtained by the strain induced melt activation(SIMA)route.Based on the SIMA route,as-cast AZ91D alloy with the addition of yttrium was deformed by cyclic closed-die forging(CCDF).Microstructure evolution of CCDF formed AZ91D-RE alloy during partial remelting were investigated.Furthermore,the mechanical properties of thixoformed AZ91D-RE magnesium alloy components were also studied.The results showed that prolonged holding time resulted in grain coarsening and the improvement in degree of spheroidization.The coarsening behaviour of solid grains in the semi-solid state obeyed Ostwald ripening mechanism.The coarsening rate constant of CCDF formed AZ91D-RE during partial remelting was 324 um3/s at 550℃.The value of yield strength,ultimate tensile strength and elongation to fracture of four-pass CCDF formed AZ91D-RE magnesium alloy were 214.9,290.5 MPa and 14%,respectively.Then the four-pass CCDF formed alloys were used for thixoforming.After holding at 550℃ for 5 min,the values of yield strength,ultimate tensile strength and elongation to fracture of thixoformed component were 189.6 MPa,274.6 MPa and 12%,respectively.However,prolonged holding time led to remarkable decrease in mechanical properties of thixoformed components.     

Mg-9.0Y-3.0MM-0.6Zr合金均匀化热处理研究

通过OM,SEM及拉伸性能测试,研究了Mg-9.0Y-3.0MM-0.6Zr铸态合金均匀化温度与时间对显微组织的影响,确定该合金合适的均匀化工艺。结果表明:Mg-9.0Y-3.0MM-0.6Zr铸态合金显微组织主要由α-Mg基体相、Mg12(MM)相以及Mg24Y5相组成,晶粒度约为45μm;505,520℃均匀化温度较低,Mg-Y相分解不够完全;经535℃保温18 h均匀化处理后,仅在晶界处残留Mg12(MM)相,延长时间晶粒尺寸没有变化,可见Mg12(MM)相可有效抑制合金晶粒长大;535℃×18 h均匀化处理后合金的力学性能较铸态合金没有明显改变,均匀化态的合金经挤压后,力学性能大幅度提升,σ0.2,σb,δ分别为245,305 MPa和12.5%。均匀化处理后合金断口形貌与铸态合金相似,仅在局部存在少量的韧窝,室温下断裂方式为脆性断裂;挤压后的合金断口形貌呈典型的韧性断裂特征。     

Effect of rolling and heat treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg3.5Y0.8Ca0.4Zr alloy

The effect of rolling and heat treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg3.5Y0.8Ca0.4Zr alloy was investigated.With the addition of 0.4Zr,the average grain size of the as-cast alloy was markedly refined to 5-10 μm.After hot rolling process,the grain size of Mg3.5Y0.8Ca0.4Zr alloy was refined further into 3-5 μm and the tensile strength was enhanced while the plasticity was degraded because the accumulation of rolling reduction increased the density of twins,and refined the grain structures.After the solution heat treatment at 743 K,the elongation of alloy was greatly enhanced from 3% to 17%.