Effect of rare earth addition on Cu-Fe/AC adsorbents for phosphine adsorption from yellow phosphorous tail gas

Phosphine (PH₃) is a highly toxic air pollutant, commonly produced in phosphorous chemical industry. But it has received less research attention due to its handling difficultly. CO is the main content of the phosphorous chemical industry tail gas, the concentration of which is always more than 80 vol.%, and it can be the feed gas to produce various valuable products such as formate, oxalate, and methanol and so on. But, PH₃ is one of the important barriers, which is harmful to the following chemical process. In order to make use of the tail gas, PH₃ should be removed firstly, and CO should be covered in the whole purified procedure at the same time. In this work, the modified activated carbon (MAC) was used as the adsorbent to separate PH₃ from the mixture tail gas. Series of MAC adsorbents were prepared for the adsorption of PH₃, which loaded Cu-Fe and Ce (La), or separately. The PH₃ adsorption capacities, chemical and physical properties of MAC were all investigated. The results showed that over 99% PH₃ adsorption efficiency was achieved when used MAC adsorbents. The removal efficiency and PH₃ adsorption capacity of the Cu-Fe-Ce/AC (20:1:0.4) were both much higher than those modified activated carbons. The maximum PH₃ adsorption capacity was 71 mg of PH₃/g of MAC on the Cu-Fe-Ce/AC, which were much higher than literature data using CuO only for adsorbing hydride gases.     

Effect of zinc and cerium addition on property of copper-based adsorbents for phosphine adsorption

A series of copper-based activated carbon (AC) adsorbents were prepared in order to investigate the effect of Zn, Ce addition on Cu-based AC adsorbent for phosphine (PH3) adsorption removal from yellow phosphorous tail gas. N2 adsorption isotherm and X-ray diffrac-tion (XRD) results suggested that the addition of Zn could increase the adsorbent ultramicropores, decrease the adsorbent supermicropores and the adsorbent average pore diameter. Therefore it enhanced the PH3 adsorption capacity. Appropriate amoun...     

Different Approaches for the Development of Low-Cost CO2 Adsorbents

Different carbon materials were tested as precursors for the production of CO2 adsorbents. The chemical modification of the surface of the prepared adsorbents was studied by means of three different approaches: impregnation with amines, electrophilic aromatic substitution, and heat treatment in the presence of ammonia. The samples were chemically characterized and the porous texture was evaluated from the N2 adsorption isotherms at ?196°C. The CO2 adsorption capacities of the adsorbents at 25 and 100°C were evaluated in a thermogravimetric analyzer. In general, the incorporation of basic nitrogen functionalities enhanced the CO2 capture capacities of the modified carbons, but this increase depended on the textural properties of the support and the surface modification methodology. CO2 adsorption capacities of up to 111?mg CO2/g at room temperature were attained. All the tested samples were completely regenerated when subjected to heat treatment at 100°C under inert atmosphere.     

改性兰炭烟气SO2吸附材料的制备及其再生性能

利用活性炭（焦）等吸附剂将烟气中的污染物分离出来是一种有效的烟气治理与资源化方式。兰炭作为一种廉价半焦碳素材料,是一种有潜力代替现有商用活性焦的多孔材料。本文采用陕西兰炭作为研究对象,研究炭化时间、炭化温度、黏结剂添加量等改性工艺对所制备的吸附剂性能的影响,考察了微观形貌变化,利用X射线光电子能谱（XPS）探究在吸附解吸过程中的表面官能团的变化。结果表明,炭化温度对耐磨强度、耐压强度指标影响显著,炭化时间对饱和脱硫值和穿透脱硫值影响显著;在煤焦油添加比例50%,700 ℃炭化20 min,900 ℃活化60 min条件下制得改性兰炭参数为:耐磨强度95.81%,抗压强度536.1 N·cm?1,每克兰炭饱和脱硫值45.71 mg,每克兰炭穿透脱硫值23.45 mg;经历多次吸脱附过程第一次失活时,表面被大面积刻蚀,孔隙与小颗粒增多。兰炭吸附剂失活后可以通过二次活化的方式提高其吸附性能,但衰减速度比新改性兰炭要快。二次失活后,在酸蚀刻、水蒸气扩孔等共同作用下致使骨架结构过度烧蚀而坍塌;改性兰炭表面含氧基团的量和构成比例会影响吸附性能。含氧与含碳基团的比值与吸附性能相对应,含氧基团比例越高,吸附性能越差。二次活化再生改变了各含氧基团所占比例,令C=O显著下降,O?C=O显著增加,C?O变化不大。O?C=O官能团尽管含氧,但可能对吸附抑制作用不显著。本研究将为工业烟气治理提供一种新型吸附剂的制备方法,同时也为兰炭表面改性以及二氧化硫吸附解吸机制的研究提供参考。      

精炼渣钙组分乙酸浸出制备钙基CO2吸附材料

关键词： CO2; 高炉煤气; 乙酸浸出; 钙基吸附剂; 精炼渣     

热改性对柱状活性炭脱硫能力的影响

在N2保护下采用不同温度对柱状活性炭进行热改性,得到了5种改性活性炭(AC-1～AC-5),将改性前后的活性炭(AC)分别置于含有SO2且有水蒸气和氧气存在的条件下进行脱硫试验,利用气体吸附仪和扫描电镜对改性前后活性炭表面的物理性质进行了表征.试验结果表明,当改性温度为700～900℃时,改性后活性炭的脱硫能力随着改性...     

Adsorption of carbon dioxide by coconut activated carbon modified with Cu/Ce

A series of the coconut activated carbons(CAC) based absorbents modified with Cu and Ce(Cu/CAC,Cu/Ce/CAC) were prepared by impregnation technology for carbon dioxide capture.The adsocrption equilibriums of CO2 on Cu/CAC and Cu/Ce/CAC were measured.The results showed that the adsorption capacity of CO2 onto the activated carbon modified with Cu/Ce increased with the decreasing temperature in the same pressure.The adsorption capacity of CO2 on Cu/CAC was higher than that of the blank CAC,and compared with the Cu/CAC,the adsorption capacity of CO2 of Cu/Ce/CAC with the mass ratio of Cu/Ce=30 was improved at 298 and 303 K.In addition,the adsorption equilibrium data for CO2 at various temperatures was fitted to Langmuir,Freundlich and D-R isotherm models.It was found that the D-R equation was the best model for fitting the adsorption data on Cu/Ce/CAC at different temperatures.     

Adsorption on Carbon and Zeolite of Pollutants from Flue Gas during Incineration

The volatile organic compound, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, dioxin, and metallic components released from incineration threaten human health. These pollutants, appearing in a molecular state, cannot be effectively removed by baghouse and electrostatic precipitators through capture and filtration mechanisms. Previous studies indicate that activated carbon is conventionally used to remove organic compounds from gas at low temperatures (less than 30°C). However, the adsorption characteristics of organic compounds from a gas phase at high temperatures (over 120°C) are seldom mentioned. Moreover, the complex compositions of flue gas cause the adsorption characteristics of organic compounds and heavy metals on adsorbent tubes to be more complicated. This research examines the adsorption characteristics of organic compounds and heavy metals at various incineration conditions. The evaluated parameters include: (1) the operating temperatures; (2) the characteristics of adsorbents (activated carbon and zeolite); and (3) waste compositions and the presence of heavy metals. The results indicate that activated carbon has a high adsorption capacity compared with zeolite.     

含氮有机物对活性碳纤维还原吸附银的影响

用H3PO4、ZnCl2等活化剂分别制备了两种化学活化的活性碳纤维（HPSACF和ZCSACF）,并通过水蒸汽活化制备了水蒸气活化活性碳纤维（SACF）。研究了它们对水溶液中Ag(NH3)2^ 的还原吸附性能,并与活性碳（AC）的还原吸附进行了比较。不同方法制备的活性碳纤维（ACF）对Ag(NH3)2^ 的还原吸附能力有显著的差异,以磷酸活化法制备的ACF的还原能力最强,而AC有一定的还原吸附能力。含氮有机物的吸附对活性碳纤维或活性碳的还原吸附能力有很大的影响,一般而言,吸附至碳吸附剂上的对硝基苯酚和苯胺可促进AC、SACF和HPSACF的还原能力,且苯胺的促进作用大于硝基苯酚的促进作用。     

高磷铁矿脱磷技术现状及磷资源化提取新方法

 为了提高磷铁矿作为炼铁原料的使用率,对高磷铁矿中磷元素的降低和脱除技术（选矿法、化学浸出法、生物浸出法、高温脱磷法）的特点及发展现状进行了综合评述,并从磷的资源化利用的角度探讨其提取与利用的可能性。介绍了一种基于湿法酸浸-生物吸附方法提取高磷铁矿或高温脱磷渣中磷资源新工艺技术,对其基本原理、工艺流程与技术特点进行了讨论。该提磷新方法的最大优势在于可以从pH值为1～2的酸浸溶液中直接选择性地吸附脱磷,使酸液得以循环使用,而磷也可解吸成高纯度的磷酸盐得以回收,吸附剂本身则可以多次循环使用。     

HNO3和γ-Fe2O3改性椰壳活性炭吸附性能研究

为了提高活性炭的吸附性能,对市售椰壳活性炭进行硝酸改性和负载γ-Fe2O3催化剂改性。对改性前后的椰壳活性炭分别进行了碘值吸附和亚甲基蓝吸附实验,结果表明:硝酸改性和负载γ-Fe2O3催化剂改性后椰壳活性炭的碘吸附值分别提高了16.1%和39.3%;硝酸改性后椰壳活性炭的亚甲基蓝吸附值提高了10.7%,负载γ-Fe2O3催化剂改性椰壳活性炭的亚甲基蓝吸附值降低了3.5%。两种改性方法对椰壳活性炭的总体吸附能力都有所增强,其中负载γ-Fe2O3催化剂改性椰壳活性炭总体吸附能力强于硝酸改性椰壳活性炭。本研究结果可为活性炭治理钢铁企业烧结烟气中的SO2和NOx提供借鉴。     

Mercury Adsorption Properties of Sulfur-Impregnated Adsorbents

Carbonaceous and noncarbonaceous adsorbents were impregnated with elemental sulfur to evaluate the chemical and physical properties of the adsorbents and their equilibrium mercury adsorption capacities. Simulated coal combustion flue gas conditions were used to determine the equilibrium adsorption capacities for Hg0 and HgCl2 gases to better understand how to remove mercury from gas streams generated by coal-fired utility power plants. Sulfur was deposited onto the adsorbents by monolayer surface deposition or volume pore filling. Sulfur impregnation increased the total sulfur content and decreased the total and micropore surface areas and pore volumes for all of the adsorbents tested. Adsorbents with sufficient amounts of active adsorption sites and sufficient microporous structure had mercury adsorption capacities up to 4,509 μg?Hg/g adsorbent. Elemental sulfur, organic sulfur, and sulfate were formed on the adsorbents during sulfur impregnation. Correlations were established with R2>0.92 between the equilibrium Hg0/HgCl2 adsorption capacities and the mass concentrations of elemental and organic sulfur. This result indicates that elemental and organic sulfur are important active adsorption sites for Hg0 and HgCl2.     

Carbon Fiber Adsorption Using Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship

Adsorption capacities of adsorbents are necessary for selecting and designing adsorption systems for separation and removal processes, such as air quality control devices, because they are indicators of service life. This paper describes the use of the Dubinin-Radushkevich (DR) equation and the quantitative structure-activated relationship to predict the equilibrium adsorption of select organic vapor by activated carbon fiber (ACF) adsorbents. The DR isotherm parameter, k, depends on the adsorbate as well as the adsorbent, and the prediction for k can be obtained indirectly from the affinity coefficient. A correlation is developed to compute the affinity coefficient from the modified, first-order, valence molecular connectivity index. This method provides an improved way to predict equilibrium adsorption capacities for select volatile organic compound adsorbates and activated carbon fiber adsorbents.     

面向钢铁烧结烟气NOx吸附净化的吸附剂特性

吸附法是有望同时实现烟气NO_x超低排放深度净化与资源化的关键技术,高效NO_x吸附剂是其核心关键,然而目前针对满足应用需求的NO_x吸附剂仍缺乏系统认识。本文基于烟气NO_x净化效率及材料热稳定性实际需求,分析挑选了沸石、金属氧化物、硅铝胶等代表性吸附剂,研究了NO_x在各吸附剂上的吸附穿透、吸附量、程序升温脱附等关键特性,结合吸附剂孔道特性对比发现,中低硅H-ZSM-5沸石兼具较高NO_x净化深度、NO_x吸附量、较低脱附温度且可获得更易于资源化的NO_x解吸气,因而可作为优选NO_x吸附剂。进一步地,随着吸附温度升高,硅铝比(w(SiO₂)/w(Al₂O₃) )为25、38的H-ZSM-5的NO_x吸附量均降低,其中低硅H-ZSM-5的NO_x吸附量较高,但吸附传质系数较低。本文可为烟气NO_x吸附净化的效益环保技术提供指导。      

活性焦尾气脱硫系统的改进

贵溪冶炼厂硫酸车间活性焦尾气脱硫装置是工厂于2010年引进的重要环保设备[1].该装置采用成熟的活性焦干法脱硫新工艺,设计烟气处理量180,000Nm3/h,处理前SO2浓度1500mg/Nm3,脱硫效率≥80％.运转正常后,将会每年为工厂减少2000余吨的硫排放量,同时多生产出3000余吨的硫酸.但自投入运行以来,就一直存在系统故障率高,脱硫效率达不到设计要求等问题.     

低阶煤一步法制备活性炭的脱硫脱硝性能

 活性炭法是能实现多种污染物综合控制的烟气治理技术,可同时处理烧结过程中产生的二氧化硫和氮氧化物等有害物质,但由于活性炭较高的生产和使用成本,限制了其在烧结烟气多污染物净化领域的推广应用。以低阶煤为基炭,氧化球团为活化剂,利用低阶煤热解和气化反应与铁氧化物还原之间的耦合作用,一步完成低阶煤炭化和活化,制备活性炭(SF AC),并与商品活性炭(ZJ AC)在产品工业分析、比表面积、碘吸附值、脱硫脱硝性能和再生活性炭吸附性能等方面进行综合比较。结果表明,SF AC的碘吸附值、比表面积分别为695.13 mg/g、370.42 m2/g,而ZJ AC仅530.54 mg/g、157.50 m2/g,单独脱硫时SF AC、ZJ AC的穿透硫容分别为368.11 mg/g、73.58 mg/g,单独脱硝时SF AC、ZJ AC的穿透硝容分别为250.39 mg/g、14.99 mg/g,前者较后者具有更优的吸附性能;就再生性能而言,SF AC、ZJ AC的脱硫脱硝性能均出现下降,但前者的脱硫脱硝性能更优;与单独脱硫、脱硝相比,两种活性炭同时脱硫脱硝时脱硫性能均提高,脱硝性能却降低,采用NH₃低温催化还原可改善脱硝性能差的问题。     

Equilibrium Adsorption of Phenol-, Tire-, and Coal-Derived Activated Carbons for Organic Vapors

Adsorption isotherms for alkane, aromatic, and ketone vapors were determined for activated carbon fiber cloth, tire-derived activated carbon and coal-derived activated carbon adsorbents. Physical and chemical properties of the vapors and adsorbents were used to interpret these results that were obtained from 20 to 50°C, with a more limited data set at 125 and 175°C and relative pressures between 0 and 0.99. Fitted isotherms using the Freundlich and Dubinin–Radushkevich adsorption models had mean total relative errors <5.6 and 9.2% for the microporous and mesoporous/macroporous adsorbents, respectively, at the temperature range from 20 to 50°C. The predictive direct quantitative structure activity relationship model had mean total relative errors <9.7 and 61% for the microporous and mesoporous/macroporous adsorbents, respectively, at the temperature range from 20 to 50°C without requiring experimental input.     

Adsorption of 1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane by Various Adsorbents

Experiments have been conducted to investigate gas-phase adsorption characteristics of 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134a) by activated carbon fiber, extruded activated carbon, granular activated carbon, activated alumina, and molecular sieve. HFC-134a is currently regarded as an excellent replacement for chlorofluorocarbon-12, a refrigerating and cooling agent extensively used previously in all automobiles and many cooling systems. Performances of HFC-134a adsorption were characterized by the equilibrium adsorption capacity, time to reach equilibrium, and desorption efficiency of exhausted adsorbent. A simple thermal treatment process with proper operating temperature and treatment duration was found to be effective for the regeneration of exhausted adsorbents. Adsorption isotherms of the empirical Freundlich and Jossens types were observed to adequately represent the equilibrium adsorption data. A mass transfer model based on the pseudo steady state squared driving force was adopted to describe the mass transfer process of HFC-134a adsorption.     

十二胺浮选黄锑矿的作用机理

利用单矿物实验,研究了十二胺（DDA）对黄锑矿的浮选行为.研究发现:pH值为2.0~8.0时,黄锑矿浮选回收率达到90%以上;pH值为8.0~10.0时,黄锑矿浮选回收率急剧降低;当pH值〉10.0时,十二胺对黄锑矿几乎没有捕收作用.十二胺浮选溶液化学分析结果表明,十二胺阳离子（DDA+）是对黄锑矿产生捕收作用的主要成分.采用密度泛函理论研究了黄锑矿晶体以及十二胺离子和分子的电子结构性质,考察了十二胺离子、十二胺分子和水分子在黄锑矿表面的吸附行为.三种吸附质在黄锑矿表面吸附能顺序为DDA 〉 H₂ O 〉 DDA+,十二胺离子可排开黄锑矿表面的水化膜,实现黄锑矿的疏水上浮,十二胺离子主要通过物理吸附形式吸附于黄锑矿表面.      

Glycine functionalized activated carbon derived from navel orange peel for enhancement recovery of Gd(Ⅲ)

Glycine functionalized activated carbon adsorption material (NOPAC-GLY-X) was successfully prepared by one-step thermal decomposition using agricultural waste navel orange peel as a precursor. Through batch adsorption experiments, it is found that the adsorption performance of Gd(III) on activated carbon can be significantly enhanced by glycine modification. The adsorption isotherms of the NOPACs conform to the Langmuir isotherm model, and the maximum adsorption capacity of the activated carbon sample NOPAC-Gly-60 is approximately 48.5 mg/g. The Gd(III) adsorption capacity of navel orange peel activated carbon can be doubled after glycine modification, and the adsorption efficiency of gadolinium can reach 99% at pH = 7. The physicochemical properties of the prepared adsorbents were characterized by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), elemental analysis (EA), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The characterization test shows that the specific surface area of the sample increases from 1121 to 1523 m²/g, and the ratio of (N + O)/C increases from 10.8% to 30.0% by the glycine modification. After five cycles of adsorption–desorption, the adsorption capacity can still be maintained at 88% of the initial capacity. NOPAC-GLY-60 has excellent adsorption selectivity for Gd(III). With the obvious advantages of simple synthesis steps and low cost, the activated carbon modification method adopted in this study has great application value in the field of rare earth adsorption and recovery.