基于模糊Havrda-Charvát熵与混沌PSO算法的红外人体图像分割

针对红外人体图像成像质量较差的问题,提出一种基于模糊Havrda-Charvát熵的快速阈值分割方法.首先应用Z形及S形隶属度函数把图像灰度直方图信息转换到模糊域,定义图像背景与目标的模糊Havrda-Charvát熵;然后提出一种基于Tent映射的混沌粒子群优化算法,把隶属度函数参数组合作为粒子,根据最大熵原理确定参数的最佳组合,再由最佳隶属度函数参数计算得到图像的最佳分割阈值.在真实红外人体图像集上与几种经典的图像阈值方法进行对比实验的结果,说明了该方法的有效性和鲁棒性.     

自动图像阈值分割算法

该文提出了一种新的图像阈值分割算法。该算法通过求取最大模糊熵准则下,灰度均值直方图的最佳模糊划分参数来确定两个模糊集A和B,图像分割阈值即选取为两个模糊集的交点。该算法用Zadth的模糊熵定义适应度函数,采用改进的遗传算法寻求最佳模糊参数。该文对遗传算法的改进包括,给出了缩短染色体码长的编码方法和性能良好的改进的单点交叉算子和均匀变异算子。实验结果表明,该算法的分割效果与二维模糊熵算法接近,而计算时间还没有用到二维模糊熵算法的一半。     

A fuzzy target recognition system with homomorphic invariant feature extraction

A target recognition system based on the concept of fuzzy set theory and homomorphic system is proposed. It involves automatic threshold selection, feature extraction, and classification. An optimal threshold is selected by the fuzzy risk criterion, i.e. to separate a given image into meaningful grey level classes under the assumption that the object and pixel grey level values are normally distributed. An edge measure for evaluating thresholding methods is also presented. When an image is segmented, a set of invariant features called mean, variance, skewness, and kurtosis, which are derived from the spectrum histogram of the target image, is calculated. The classification is then accomplished using the membership function of the feature space of an image and stored patterns. By simulation results, we find that the fuzzy risk thresholding achieves significant performance according to the uniformity and edge measures, and the fuzzy filter with the invariant features has good performance even in low signal-to-noise ratio conditions.     

基于图像受噪程度的改进模糊加权均值滤波

根据高斯噪声密度大、噪声强度的波动范围宽,其污染图像不仅每一个像素灰度级都会受影响,而且即使是同一灰度级受污染的程度也会不同的特点和传统的图像模糊滤波算法在图像细节保护方面上的不足,提出基于图像受噪程度的改进模糊加权均值滤波算法,该算法根据图像各像素点的受噪程度,得到首次滤波图像和原图像估计直方图,根据该直方图确定模糊隶属度函数,然后对首次滤波图像中灰度小于25的像素点进行模糊加权均值滤波,该算法在不需要期望图像和高斯噪声方差的情况下能有效地去除噪声,同时能够很好地保护图像细节信息。     

一种基于模糊划分的边缘检测算法

基于信息论中最大熵原理，提出了一种新的基于模糊划分的边缘检测算法，并介绍了模糊概率和用条件概率与条件熵来定义模糊划分熵的概念以及模糊划分的原理。该算法是利用自然划分以及梯度图像模糊划分的关系，在条件概率与模糊划分熵的基础上，通过最大模糊熵原则来实现图像分割中最优阈值的自动提取，以实现图像的边缘检测。通过不同类型测试图像的边缘检测结果比较表明，该算法用于边缘检测能获得很好的效果。     

Fuzzy entropy based optimal thresholding using bat algorithm

Image segmentation is a very significant process in image analysis. Much effort based on thresholding has been made on this field as it is simple and intuitive, commonly used thresholding approaches are to optimize a criterion such as between-class variance or entropy for seeking appropriate threshold values. However, a mass of computational cost is needed and efficiency is broken down as an exhaustive search is utilized for finding the optimal thresholds, which results in application of evolutionary algorithm and swarm intelligence to obtain the optimal thresholds. This paper considers image thresholding as a constrained optimization problem and optimal thresholds for 1-level or multi-level thresholding in an image are acquired by maximizing the fuzzy entropy via a newly proposed bat algorithm. The optimal thresholding is achieved through the convergence of bat algorithm. The proposed method has been tested on some natural and infrared images. The results are compared with the fuzzy entropy based methods that are optimized by artificial bee colony algorithm (ABC), genetic algorithm (GA), particle swarm optimization (PSO) and ant colony optimization (ACO); moreover, they are also compared with thresholding methods based on criteria of between-class variance and Kapur's entropy optimized by bat algorithm. It is demonstrated that the proposed method is robust, adaptive, encouraging on the score of CPU time and exhibits the better performance than other methods involved in the paper in terms of objective function values.     

Histogram thresholding for unsupervised change detection of remote sensing images

The change-detection problem can be viewed as an unsupervised classification problem with two classes corresponding to changed and unchanged areas. Image differencing is a widely used approach to change detection. It is based on the idea of generating a difference image that represents the modulus of the spectral change vectors associated with each pixel in the study area. To separate out the changed and unchanged classes in the difference image automatically, any unsupervised technique can be used. Thresholding is one of the cheapest techniques among them. However, in thresholding approaches, selection of the best threshold value is not a trivial task. In this work, several non-fuzzy and fuzzy histogram thresholding techniques are investigated and compared for the change-detection problem. Experimental results, carried out on different multitemporal remote sensing images (acquired before and after an event), are used to assess the effectiveness of each of the thresholding techniques. Among all the thresholding techniques investigated here, Liu's fuzzy entropy followed by Kapur's entropy are found to be the most robust techniques.     

基于各向异性滤波和空间FCM的MRI图像分割方法

针对具复杂目标和边界模糊的MRI图像中多感兴趣区域的分割中分割MRI图像软组织难的问题, 提出了一种基于各向异性滤波和空间模糊C-均值聚类(SFCM)的MRI图像分割方法; 用新型各向异性滤波对图像进行预处理, 解决去噪平滑的同时弱化图像细节的问题; 用邻域空间信息设计空间函数, 改进传统FCM的目标函数; 用图像的空间信息实现图像各目标准确分类、有效解决孤立区域的正确归类问题, 进而使分割区域完整; 用直方图拟合曲线初始化分类数和初始聚类中心, 加快算法迭代到最优解, 进而减少运行时间。通过实验证实了各向异性滤波和空间FCM的MRI图像分割方法的综合应用显著提高了分割灰度重叠、目标不连续和目标边界模糊的MRI图像的分割效果。     

模糊Renyi熵与QGA结合的快速图像分割

针对非模糊熵的阈值分割方法不能较好地反映数字图像本质上具有的模糊特性,提出一种新的基于模糊熵的图像阈值分割方法。通过模糊隶属度函数将图像直方图信息转换到模糊域,利用模糊Renyi熵计算目标与背景的信息熵。根据最大熵原理,引入量子遗传算法对隶属度函数参数进行寻优,进而得到图像的最佳分割阈值。与典型的阈值法进行对比实验,表明该方法能获得更好的分割结果,满足实时性需求。     

A fast recursive algorithm based on fuzzy 2-partition entropy approach for threshold selection

The fuzzy c-partition entropy approach for threshold selection is an effective approach for image segmentation. The approach models the image with a fuzzy c-partition, which is obtained using parameterized membership functions. The ideal threshold is determined by searching an optimal parameter combination of the membership functions such that the entropy of the fuzzy c-partition is maximized. It involves large computation when the number of parameters needed to determine the membership function increases. In this paper, a recursive algorithm is proposed for fuzzy 2-partition entropy method, where the membership function is selected as S-function and Z-function with three parameters. The proposed recursive algorithm eliminates many repeated computations, thereby reducing the computation complexity significantly. The proposed method is tested using several real images, and its processing time is compared with those of basic exhaustive algorithm, genetic algorithm (GA), particle swarm optimization (PSO), ant colony optimization (ACO) and simulated annealing (SA). Experimental results show that the proposed method is more effective than basic exhaustive search algorithm, GA, PSO, ACO and SA.     

Color image segmentation using histogram thresholding - Fuzzy C-means hybrid approach

This paper presents a novel histogram thresholding - fuzzy C-means hybrid (HTFCM) approach that could find different application in pattern recognition as well as in computer vision, particularly in color image segmentation. The proposed approach applies the histogram thresholding technique to obtain all possible uniform regions in the color image. Then, the Fuzzy C-means (FCM) algorithm is utilized to improve the compactness of the clusters forming these uniform regions. Experimental results have demonstrated that the low complexity of the proposed HTFCM approach could obtain better cluster quality and segmentation results than other segmentation approaches that employing ant colony algorithm.     

基于自适应模糊阈值的植物黑腐病叶片病斑的分割

为了更好地研究植物黑腐病,对植物黑腐病病斑图像进行了分割研究,即根据病斑图像的特点,用图像模糊阈值分割法来分割病斑。针对目前图像模糊阈值分割法存在窗口宽度自动选取困难的问题,首先在预先给定隶属函数和图像像素类别数的情况下,提出了图像模糊阈值分割法的自适应窗宽选取方法;然后,针对用图像模糊阈值分割方法难于分割直方图具有单峰或双峰差别很大的图像的问题,提出了一种直方图变换方法,用来对直方图进行变换;最后根据变换后的直方图,再利用自适应模糊阈值分割法对植物黑腐病病斑图像进行分割。用采集到的病斑叶片进行的病斑分割实验结果表明,该算法是有效的与鲁棒的。     

基于二维模糊熵和遗传算法的图像阈值分割

针对目标和背景两类图像分割,考虑二维灰度直方图,采用了一种更符合图像空间分布特点的隶属函数,建立了对应的二维图像模糊熵,分别采用标准遗传算法和改进的自适应遗传算法对二维图像模糊熵的各个参数进行优化,根据最大模糊熵准则,确定目标和背景的最佳分割阈值。实验结果表明,基于改进的自适应遗传算法的二维最大模糊熵阈值分割法具有较好的分割性能和较快的分割速度,且对噪声具有一定的抑制能力。     

Segmentation of remotely sensed images with fuzzy thresholding,and quantitative evaluation

Effectiveness of various fuzzy thresholding techniques (based on entropy of fuzzy sets, fuzzy geometrical properties, and fuzzy correlation) is demonstrated on remotely sensed (IRS and SPOT) images. A new quantitative index for image segmentation using the concept of homogeneity within regions is defined. Results are compared with those of probabilistic thresholding, and fuzzy c-means and hard c-means clustering algorithms, both in terms of index value (quantitatively) and structural details (qualitatively). Fuzzy set theoretic algorithms are seen to be superior to their respective non-fuzzy counterparts. Among all the techniques, fuzzy correlation, followed by fuzzy entropy, performed better for extracting the structures. Fuzzy geometry based thresholding algorithms produced a single stable threshold for a wide range of membership variation.     

Chest X-ray enhancement to interpret pneumonia malformation based on fuzzy soft set and Dempster–Shafer theory of evidence

Image enhancement algorithms are commonly used to increase the contrast and visual quality of low-dose x-ray images. This paper proposes an automated enhancement method using soft fuzzy sets with a new decision-making scheme based on Dempster-Shafer theory of evidence for the visual interpretation of pneumonia malformation in low-dose x-ray images, called as XEFSDS. The XEFSDS model first generates an original source x-ray image into a complementary image, then each original and complement image is applied to the characterized image object and background areas of fuzzy space. The S-function is utilized to define fuzzy soft sets for the classification of gray level ambiguity in both images, and hence a decision criterion via Dempster-Shafer approach and fuzzy interval has been adapted to discriminate uncertainties on the pixel intensity and the spatial information. Modified membership grade operations have been performed on each object/background area, and Werner’s AND/OR operator (an aggregation operator) has been utilized to build a new membership function from two modified membership functions. Finally, an enhanced image is obtained from the new membership function via defuzzification. Experiments on different pneumonia X-ray images demonstrate that the XEFSDS scheme produces better results than the existing methods. To show the advantages of the XEFSDS scheme, we have executed a segmentation based examination on enhanced image for the detection of pneumonia malformation as well as abnormal lobe (lobar pneumonia) or bronchopneumonia.     

基于直方图的图象去噪滤波器

滤除图象噪声时，虽然利用的先验知识越多，其滤波效果越好，但是一般情况下，由于只能得到一幅被污染的图象，无法获得这些先验知识，因而滤波效果较差。为了解决该问题，提出了一种去除图象中椒盐噪声的新型滤波器。该滤波器首先给出了一种有效的估计原图象直方图的方法，进而利用估计直方图的信息来进行滤波；然后对滤波窗口中的像素进行一种排除最大和最小灰度值的操作，以滤除椒盐噪声点。实验表明，该方法滤波效果优于传统的滤波器和其他模糊滤波器，特别是当噪声概率超过0．3时，这种优势尤为明显。     

基于最优模糊变换和Retinex理论的静脉图像增强方法

一种新的结合模糊变换和retinex理论静脉图像增强方法,可以解决近红外静脉图像所存在的低对比度,动态范围狭窄和强度分布不对称问题。最优模糊变换用于加强全局对比度,引入的Retinex方法可以增强图像细节信息,弥补最优模糊变换的细节缺失。由于图像从空间域向模糊域转换时使用一个参数优化隶属函数,处理的图像不具有最佳性,文中提出一种双参数的隶属函数的优化方法,同时提出一种自适应的选择控制参数方法。实验结果表明,该方法可以有效提高静脉图像与背景的对比度,与其他方法的实验结果相比较,可以看出该办法具有更好的图像增强性能。     

一种新的文物图像检索方法

针对大学数字博物馆数据库中文物图像的特点,提出了一种新的文物图像检索方法。特征提取采用基于分块图像建立模糊颜色直方图;模糊颜色直方图的建立不仅考虑了不同颜色索引像素之间的差异,也考虑了同一颜色索引像素间的差异;图像分块策略结合了文物图像的颜色特征与形状特征。一种新的图像相似性度量方法---交互信息距离(MID)用来进行相似性匹配。参数AVRR/IAVRR用来进行检索性能评价,评价结果表明,本文的方法在文物图像检索中具有较高的检索准确率。     

广义模糊熵阈值法中基于粒子群优化的参数选取

针对广义模糊熵图像阈值分割法中参数m的选取问题,提出一种利用优化算法自适应选取参数的广义模糊熵阔值分割方法.该方法通过粒子群优化算法,依据图像分割质量评价准则对参数m在(0,1)区间进行全局寻优,并依据广义模糊熵最大准则对S型隶属度函数中的3个参数(a,b,d)进行全局组合寻优,从而实现了广义模糊熵图像阈值分割方法的自动阈值选取.实验结果表明,该方法对光照不均匀图像具有更好的分割效果.     

基于局部隶属度和邻域信息的GIFP-FCM图像分割算法

基于一般化的模糊划分GIFP-FCM聚类算法是模糊C均值算法(FCM)的一种改进算法,一定程度上克服了FCM算法对噪声的敏感性,但由于其没有考虑图像的邻域信息,对含有较大噪声的图像分割效果不理想。为此,提出将局部隶属度和局部邻域信息等引入到GIFP-FCM算法的目标函数中,通过重新计算每个像素的局部隶属度和邻域信息,较好地克服了噪声影响。利用该算法对合成图像、脑图分割的实验结果表明,对于含有高斯噪声、椒盐噪声和混合噪声的图像,新算法得到的划分系数值最大,划分熵最小,是一种去噪效果较好的图像分割算法。