近邻标签空间非平衡化标签补全的多标签学习

研究者目前通常通过标注标签之间的相关信息研究标签之间的相关性,未考虑未标注标签与标注标签之间的关系对标签集质量的影响.受K近邻的启发,文中提出近邻标签空间的非平衡化标签补全算法(NeLC-NLS),旨在充分利用近邻空间中元素的相关性,提升近邻标签空间的质量,从而提升多标签分类性能.首先利用标签之间的信息熵衡量标签之间关系的强弱,获得基础标签置信度矩阵.然后利用提出的非平衡标签置信度矩阵计算方法,获得包含更多信息的非平衡标签置信度矩阵.继而度量样本在特征空间中的相似度,得到k个近邻标签空间样本,并利用非平衡标签置信度矩阵计算得到近邻标签空间的标签补全矩阵.最后利用极限学习机作为线性分类器进行分类.在公开的8个基准多标签数据集上的实验表明,NeLC-NLS具有一定优势,使用假设检验和稳定性分析进一步说明算法的有效性.     

基于分类间隔增强的不平衡多标签学习算法

传统的多标签学习算法一般没有考虑标签的不均衡性,从而忽略了标签不平衡给分类带来的影响。但统计发现,目前常用的多标签数据集均存在标签不均衡问题,且少数类标签往往更加重要。基于此,本文提出了一种基于分类间隔增强的不平衡多标签学习算法（Imbalanced multi-label learning algorithm based on classification interval enhanced, MLCIE）,旨在利用各标签分类间隔的重构来增强分类器对少数类标签样本的学习效率,提升样本标签质量,从而减少多标签不平衡对分类器学习精度的影响。首先利用各标签密度与条件熵计算各标签的不确定性系数;然后构建分类间隔增强矩阵,将各标签独有的密度信息融入到原始标签矩阵中,获取平衡的标签空间;最后使用极限学习机作为线性分类器进行分类。本文在11个多标签标准数据集上与其他7种多标签学习算法进行对比实验,结果表明本文算法在解决标签不平衡问题上有一定效果。     

基于分层校验的多标签数据流概念漂移检测

现有的概念漂移检测方法大多集中于单标签数据流,难以满足多标签数据流概念漂移检测的需要,因此文中提出基于分层校验的多标签数据流概念漂移检测算法.算法包括检验层和校验层,检验层通过检测数据分布变化判断是否发生概念漂移,校验层通过判断标签混淆矩阵的变化程度验证是否真正发生概念漂移.在真实多标签数据集和合成多标签数据集上的实验表明,文中算法表现更优,可以有效检测概念漂移,提升分类性能.     

基于概率相关性的多标签数据流变化检测

由于传统的概念漂移检测研究主要针对单标签数据流,对现实中常见的多标签数据流却缺乏足够的关注,多标签数据流概念漂移检测问题有待进一步的研究。因此,通过分析多标签数据流中存在的特殊依赖关系,提出了一种基于概率相关性的多标签数据流概念漂移检测算法。其基本思想是从概念漂移的产生原因出发,利用概率相关性近似描述数据分布来监测新旧数据分布变化,判断概念漂移是否发生。实验结果表明,提出的算法能够比较快速、准确地检测到概念漂移,并在多标签概念漂移数据流分类问题上取得了预期的学习效果。     

基于向量表示和标签传播的半监督短文本数据流分类算法

社交网络平台产生海量的短文本数据流,具有快速、海量、概念漂移、文本长度短小、类标签大量缺失等特点.为此,文中提出基于向量表示和标签传播的半监督短文本数据流分类算法,可对仅含少量有标记数据的数据集进行有效分类.同时,为了适应概念漂移,提出基于聚类簇的概念漂移检测算法.在实际短文本数据流上的实验表明,相比半监督分类算法和半监督数据流分类算法,文中算法不仅提高分类精度和宏平均,还能快速适应数据流中的概念漂移.     

层级标签语义引导的极限多标签文本分类策略

极限多标签文本分类任务具有标签集大、类间关系复杂、数据分布不平衡等特点,是具有挑战性的研究热点。现有模型对标签语义信息利用不足,性能有限。对此,该文提出一种利用层级标签语义信息引导的极限多标签文本分类模型提升策略,在训练和预测过程中给予模型层级标签引导的弱监督语义指导信息,利用这种弱监督信息规约多标签文本分类任务中要对应的多标签语义边界。在标准数据集上的实验结果表明,该文所提策略能够有效提升现有模型性能,尤其在短文本数据集中增效显著,宏精准率最高提升21.23%。     

融合萤火虫方法的多标签懒惰学习算法

已有的多标签懒惰学习算法（IMLLA）在利用近邻标签时因仅考虑了近邻标签相关性信息，而忽略相似度的影响，这可能会使算法的鲁棒性有所降低。针对这个问题，引入萤火虫方法，将相似度信息与标签信息相结合，提出一种融合萤火虫方法的多标签懒惰学习算法（FF-MLLA）。首先，利用Minkowski距离来度量样本间相似度，从而找到近邻点；然后，结合标签近邻点和萤火虫方法对标签计数向量进行改进；最后，使用奇异值分解（SVD）与核极限学习机（ELM）进行线性分类。该算法同时考虑了标签信息与相似度信息从而提高了鲁棒性。实验结果表明，所提算法较其他的多标签学习算法有一定优势，并使用统计假设检验与稳定性分析进一步说明所提出算法的合理性与有效性。     

一种基于距离和采样机制的数据流分类方法*

数据流分类在传感器网络、网络监控等实际领域有着广泛地应用。然而,实际数据流中类分布不平衡和类标签大量缺失的问题严重加剧了数据流分类问题求解的难度。因此,针对数据流中类分布不平衡和类标签大量缺失的问题,提出了一种基于距离和采样机制的集成分类方法。该方法首先计算无标签数据与有标签正负类数据块的中心点距离来标记正负类示例,其次通过正类样本的上采样和负类样本的下采样机制重组数据流块以平衡数据块的类分布,并在其上构建集成分类模型。在模拟的具有类分布不平衡的不完全标记数据流上的实验表明：与经典的同类算法相比,所提方法能够在降低不平衡类分布影响的前提下,提高不完全标记数据流的分类精度。     

面向概念漂移数据流的自适应分类算法

数据流分类是数据挖掘中最重要的任务之一,而数据流的概念漂移特性给分类算法带来了巨大的挑战.基于极限学习机算法进行优化是解决数据流分类问题的一个热门方向,但目前大多数算法都采用提前指定模型参数的方式进行学习,这种做法使得分类模型只能在特定的数据集上才能发挥较好的性能.针对这一问题,提出了一种简单有效的处理概念漂移的算法—...     

基于改进多隐层极限学习机的电网虚假数据注入攻击检测

虚假数据注入攻击(False data injection attacks, FDIA)严重威胁了电力信息物理系统(Cyber-physical system,CPS)的状态估计,而目前大多数检测方法侧重于攻击存在性检测,无法获取准确的受攻击位置.故本文提出了一种基于灰狼优化(Gray wolf optimization, GWO)多隐层极限学习机(Multi layer extreme learning machine, ML-ELM)的电力信息物理系统虚假数据注入攻击检测方法.所提方法将攻击检测看作是一个多标签二分类问题,不仅将用于特征提取与分类训练的极限学习机由单隐层变为多隐层,以解决极限学习机特征表达能力有限的问题,且融入了具有强全局搜索能力的灰狼优化算法以提高多隐层极限学习机分类精度和泛化性能.进而自动识别系统各个节点状态量的异常,获取受攻击的精确位置.通过在不同场景下对IEEE-14和57节点测试系统上进行大量实验,验证了所提方法的有效性,且分别与极限学习机、未融入灰狼优化的多隐层极限学习机以及支持向量机(Support vector machine, SVM)相比,所提方...     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.