纯钛基体长效超疏水表面的低成本制备

为降低钛基上超疏水表面的制备成本,提高超疏水表面的耐久性能,以喷砂-阳极氧化法在纯钛基体上构造微纳复合粗糙结构,并使用商用氟碳罩光漆直接对其进行修饰获得超疏水性表面。利用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR),场发射扫描电子显微镜(FE-SEM)和接触角测试等技术对超疏水性表面的化学组成、表面形貌、润湿性和表面耐久性进行了研究。结果表明:喷砂处理在钛基表面构筑微米级凹坑,阳极氧化通过形成网状氧化膜在钛基表面构造纳米级结构,氟碳罩光漆修饰该微纳复合粗糙表面后,为表面引入大量含氟基团,使其获得超疏水性能。超疏水性表面与纯水的静态接触角达162°±2.3°,滚动角为2.1°±0.2°,具有优异的环境耐久性。     

铝基超疏水表面的耐海水腐蚀性能研究

研究了喷砂和阳极氧化技术相结合,在铝合金表面构建合适的微米/纳米二级结构,并通过氟硅烷的修饰降低表面自由能,以制备铝基超疏水表面材料,并对表面的耐海水腐蚀性能进行了研究,研究表明,当采用100g/L硫酸、10g/L草酸、10g/L丙三醇作为电解液进行阳极氧化,孔洞孔径达200nm时,接触角达157°。模拟人工海水中的腐蚀实验,结果表明,超疏水表面材料的腐蚀速率比未经处理的空白试样缓慢一个数量级。     

阳极氧化法制备铝基超疏水涂层及其稳定性和耐蚀性的研究

铝由于在潮湿的环境中很容易受到污染和损坏,从而严重影响了其美观性和用途。为了改善铝基材料的耐腐蚀性能,采用电化学阳极氧化法与十四酸修饰相结合的方式在铝基底上制备了超疏水涂层。通过场发射扫描电镜(FESEM)和X射线能量色散光谱(EDS)对涂层表面形貌和化学组成进行了表征。同时利用接触角测量仪、喷砂实验和电化学测试分别对涂层表面的润湿性、机械稳定性以及耐腐蚀性能进行了研究。结果表明:当阳极氧化电压为20V时,所制备的涂层为最佳铝基超疏水涂层,此时涂层的接触角为(155.2±0.5)°,滚动角为(3.5±1.3)°。其对应的腐蚀电流密度较铝基底降低了2个数量级,腐蚀电位从-0.629V正移到-0.570V,呈现出优异的耐腐蚀性能。此外,该涂层还具有良好的机械稳定性。     

阳极氧化法构建纳米结构制备铝超疏水表面

研究了喷砂和阳极氧化技术相结合,在铝合金表面构建合适的微米一纳米二级结构,并通过氟硅烷的修饰降低表面自由能,以制备铝基超疏水表面材料。研究表明：不同的电解液进行阳极氧化制得的样品氟化后具有不同的接触角。SEM分析可知,山峰山谷状的微米级结构和蜂窝状的纳米级结构形成的二级结构是提高疏水性能的关键。当接触水滴时,这种二级结构可以稳定地捕获空气,产生超疏水性。     

超疏水铝表面的一步法电化学制备及其耐蚀性能研究

金属材料的表面超疏水改性可以显著改善其耐腐蚀性能.为了制备超疏水铝合金表面,结合化学刻蚀与电化学氧化技术,采用一步法在铝表面构筑超疏水结构,研究了其中盐酸含量和氧化时间对铝电极表面结构和性能的影响.采用接触角测试仪表征了铝表面的疏水性能,利用扫描电镜和能谱仪分析了铝表面的微观形貌和化学组成.采用电化学阻抗谱和电化学噪声技术评价了改性铝电极在3.5％NaCl溶液中的耐蚀性能.结果表明:当盐酸浓度为0.015 mol/L,电压为2 V,氧化时间为20 min时,可在纯铝上制备得到接触角为155.8°、滚动角为3.1°的超疏水表面.电化学阻抗测试结果表明,电荷转移电阻由121 Ω·cm2增大至1 941 Ω·cm2,超疏水铝表面的保护效率高达93.8％.电化学噪声测试表明,铝电极表面的超疏水改性能够显著地减弱其在3.5％NaCl溶液中的局部腐蚀强度.     

氧化锌超疏水薄膜的制备及其耐久性

为了提高氧化锌(ZnO)纳米疏水膜层在实际应用中的耐久性能,采用水热法在铝基底表面制备出微纳米结构的ZnO超疏水薄膜,利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和接触角测量仪对所得ZnO薄膜的成分、微观结构及润湿性能进行分析;利用UMT摩擦磨损试验机对薄膜的摩擦性能和机械疏水耐久度进行研究;并用CHI660E电化学工作站对超疏水试样在海水中的耐腐蚀性能进行测量分析。结果表明:制备的微纳米结构ZnO薄膜具有超疏水性,在未经低表面能物质改性的情况下,对水的静态接触角高达152°,滚动角仅为2°;摩擦磨损测试表明该薄膜在经过2 400磨损周期后仍能保持较高的静态接触角;电化学阻抗谱和Tafel曲线测试表明,该薄膜的确降低了铝在海水中的腐蚀速率,缓蚀率高达93.8%。     

基于多孔氧化铝腐蚀的表面结构制备及其疏水性能研究

先采用阳极氧化法在铝基板上制备了多孔氧化铝(AAO)膜,并以铝基AAO膜作为前驱物,采用化学腐蚀溶液分别制备出了具有纳米结构、微米结构和微纳复合结构表面的薄膜材料结构。利用扫描电子显微镜、荧光分光光度计和电子能量色散谱仪等测试手段分析了薄膜材料表面结构,并在薄膜表面涂覆低表面能物质氟硅烷薄膜研究这些表面结构的疏水性能。研究结果表明:通过控制化学腐蚀时间可以在铝基AAO膜表面分别获取纳米结构、微纳复合结构和微米结构;与未腐蚀的AAO膜表面相比,三种表面结构都有效提高了疏水薄膜表面的疏水性能;在NaOH溶液腐蚀16 min条件下,表面呈现微纳复合结构,具有超疏水性能,水的接触角达到155°。     

铝基体超疏水表面的抗结冰结霜效果分析

增加接触角是提高表面抗结冰结霜能力的重要方法.借助电化学加工和氟化处理获得铝基体超疏水表面,该表面具有二元微纳米复合结构,干燥时水滴在其上的接触角为160°,滚动角小于5°,处于Cassie-Baxter状态.在自制的半导体制冷台上,观测冷表面温度为-5.2 ℃时,铝基体超疏水表面的结霜过程,并将其与普通铝表面进行了对比,发现铝基体超疏水表面的四周边缘处先出现霜晶并逐渐蔓延到整个表面,与普通铝表面相比具有显著的抗结冰结霜性能.最后对铝基体超疏水表面的边缘效应和抗结冰结霜机理进行了分析.     

碱式硫酸镁晶须复合SiO2纳米粒子制备高/低黏附性超疏水涂层

超疏水材料因性能独特,应用前景广阔而被广泛关注。本文采用碱式硫酸镁晶须(MOSWs)与二氧化硅纳米粒子制备超疏水涂层,首先对MOSWs及50 nm、500 nm SiO₂进行表面改性以降低表面能,然后基于混料实验将三者按比例混合以构造表面粗糙度,以接触角、滚动角及平均粗糙度R_a为响应变量建立回归模型,分析了混合分量的形貌、尺寸与混合比例对响应变量的影响,并探讨了超疏水涂层微观结构对水滴黏附性的影响以及粗糙度与超疏水性能之间的关系。结果表明：MOSWs复合SiO₂纳米粒子可制备具有不同黏附性的超疏水涂层,单独使用MOSWs可制备高黏附性超疏水涂层,其接触角达152.59°,涂层水平倒置水滴不滴落;而MOSWs与50 nm SiO₂以相同质量分数混合,可制备低黏附性超疏水涂层,其接触角达163.25°,滚动角可趋近0°。所制备涂层的平均粗糙度R_a值位于5～10μm之间时,接触角较大,滚动角较小,超疏水性能较佳。     

氧化还原法制备超疏水表面及其防覆冰性能

使用化学氧化还原法制备出疏水性能优异的超疏水表面,使用接触角测量仪、扫描电镜对表面浸润性及形貌进行表征分析。制得的铝基体超疏水表面接触角高达163.31°,滚动角小于5°。探究不同反应时间对表面形貌和浸润性的影响,使用自制的结冰监测系统对制备出的超疏水表面的静态和动态水滴防覆冰性能进行探究,并结合一维传热理论和经典成核理论对实验结果进行分析。结果表明,反应80min时表面疏水效果最好,超疏水表面静态水滴延缓结冰时间约是普通样品的5倍,结冰温度也低了3.3℃,动态水滴撞击表面时,超疏水表面始终无积水和覆冰,表现出优异的静态和动态防覆冰性能。     

大面积超疏水铝表面的电化学加工

为解决大面积超疏水表面加工难的问题,提出采用移动式阴极电化学加工技术和氟化处理方法来加工大面积超疏水铝表面,并使用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)和接触角测量仪对铝表面的形貌、化学成分和疏水性进行了研究.结果表明:采用小面积移动式阴极制备大面积超疏水铝表面是可行的;当采用NaCl电解液时,在较优单位面积去除量不变的情况下,单位面积去除速度对铝表面的疏水性几乎无影响,这有利于实现超疏水表面的高效加工;加工后的铝表面获得超疏水性的关键在于表面存在合适的二元微纳米粗糙结构和低表面能涂层.     

SiC/Al复合材料超疏水表面的制备

采用化学刻蚀法在SiC/Al复合材料表面构筑微纳结构,通过SEM和表面接触角测量仪分析刻蚀表面的微观形貌特征及润湿特性,并探讨了其与刻蚀时间之间的关系;借助热震试验评价SiC/Al复合材料超疏水表面的温度骤变耐受特性。结果表明:弥散分布的微米级SiC颗粒的存在使得刻蚀后的SiC/Al复合材料表面易形成由微米级粒状结构和纳米级凹坑结构复合而成的微观结构;氟硅烷修饰后的蚀刻表面的接触角最高达到166.8°,滚动角最低为3°,具有很好的超疏水特性;SiC/Al基超疏水表面具有较好的耐受温度骤变特性。     

Micro/nano engineering on stainless steel substrates to produce superhydrophobic surfaces

Creating micro-/nano-scale topography on material surfaces to change their wetting properties has been a subject of much interest in recent years. Wenzel in 1936 and Cassie and Baxter in 1944 proposed that by microscopically increasing the surface roughness of a substrate, it is possible to increase its hydrophobicity. This paper reports the fabrication of micro-textured surfaces and nano-textured surfaces, and the combination of both on stainless steel substrates by sandblasting, thermal evaporation of aluminum, and aluminum-induced crystallization (AIC) of amorphous silicon (a-Si). Meanwhile, fluorinated carbon films were used to change the chemical composition of the surfaces to render the surfaces more hydrophobic. These surface modifications were investigated to create superhydrophobic surfaces on stainless steel substrates. The topography resulting from these surface modifications was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and surface profilometry. The wetting properties of these surfaces were characterized by water contact angle measurement. The results of this study show that superhydrophobic surfaces can be produced by either micro-scale surface texturing or nano-scale surface texturing, or the combination of both, after fluorinated carbon film deposition.     

激光纹理化调控材料表面疏水性能研究进展

超疏水表面由于具有减阻、抗污、防水等独特性能,广泛应用于日常生活、军事、工业等场景,材料表面的微纳结构及化学成分对其超疏水性能有着重要影响。激光纹理化技术由于具有加工分辨率高、加工方式灵活、可加工材料多等优势,可用于制备疏水性能精确可控的表面微纳结构,在制造超疏水表面方面有着广阔的应用前景。首先,介绍了激光纹理化的作用机理,综述了常用的激光纹理化方式,如激光直接写入法、激光干涉图案化法及激光诱导周期性结构法等,并介绍了激光参数对微纳结构的影响。根据表面微纳结构的形貌、周期及尺寸特点对激光纹理化制备的表面分层微纳结构进行了总结归纳,包括覆盖随机纳米结构或激光诱导周期性结构的微沟槽、微网格、微柱及微峰,重点介绍了分层微纳结构的制备方式及微纳结构对疏水性的影响。总结了提高分层微纳结构表面疏水性的后处理方式,包括环境老化、表面化学改性及热处理等,并介绍了后处理方式调控疏水性的作用机理。最后,对采用激光纹理化技术制备超疏水表面的应用前景进行了展望。     

Rapid fabrication of large-area, corrosion-resistant superhydrophobic Mg alloy surfaces

A superhydrophobic magnesium (Mg) alloy surface was successfully fabricated via a facile electrochemical machining process, and subsequently covered with a fluoroalkylsilane (FAS) film. The surface morphologies and chemical compositions were investigated using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with an energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and a Fourier-transform infrared spectrophotometer (FTIR). The results show hierarchal rough structures and an FAS film with a low surface energy on the Mg alloy surfaces, which confers good superhydrophobicity with a water contact angle of 165.2° and a water tilting angle of approximately 2°. The processing conditions, such as the processing time and removal rate per unit area at a constant removal mass per unit area, were investigated to determine their effects on the superhydrophobicity. Interestingly, when the removal mass per unit area is constant at approximately 11.10 mg/cm(2), the superhydrophobicity does not change with the removal rate per unit area. Therefore, a superhydrophobic Mg alloy surface can be rapidly fabricated based on this property. A large-area superhydrophobic Mg alloy surface was also fabricated for the first time using a small-area moving cathode. The corrosion resistance and durability of the superhydrophobic surfaces were also examined.     

One-step electrochemical machining of superhydrophobic surfaces on aluminum substrates

A superhydrophobic surface on an aluminum substrate was fabricated by one-step electrochemical machining using the sodium chloride (NaCl) aqueous solution containing fluoroalkylsilane as the electrolyte. The resulting superhydrophobic surfaces showed a static water contact angle of 166° and a tilting angle of about 1°. The morphological features and chemical compositions were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), electron probe micro-analyzer (EPMA), and Fourier-transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR). It shows that the binary micrometer–nanometer-scale rough structures and the low surface energy coating were present on the aluminum surfaces. The resulting surfaces have good properties of anti-adhesion and self-cleaning. The durability of the superhydrophobic surfaces on aluminum substrates was also investigated. This preparation method is advantageous as it does not require acid electrolyte or a separate process to lower the surface energy, uses simple steps, and is environmental friendly and highly efficient.     

2A12铝合金基体超疏水表面制备及性能研究

铝合金在使用过程中极易引发基体腐蚀现象,如点蚀、晶间腐蚀等,为保障铝合金在腐蚀环境中的应用,可通过建立超疏水表面改变铝合金表面的润湿性,从而在一定程度上减少腐蚀液与铝合金表面的接触,进而改善耐蚀性。本文通过酸刻蚀和沸水刻蚀两种方法在铝合金表面构筑微纳米结构,并使用低表面能物质硬脂酸进行表面处理得到超疏水表面。采用扫描电子显微镜、接触角测试仪、原子力显微镜分别对铝合金表面形貌、疏水性和粗糙度进行测试,得到两种方法的最佳制备时间,而后通过极化曲线对两种方法制备的铝合金表面耐蚀性能进行对比,进而研究两种刻蚀方法对铝合金耐蚀性的影响。实验结果表明：酸刻蚀时间为15 s时,铝合金表面接触角达到峰值163.9°,呈现超疏水状态,相对于空白样品,表面粗糙度增加了24倍,电化学自腐蚀电位正向移动0.362 8 V;沸水刻蚀时间为1 min时,其表面接触角达到峰值109.6°,比空白样品疏水性强但未呈现超疏水状态,相对于空白样品,经沸水刻蚀的铝合金表面粗糙度增加了4.4倍,电化学自腐蚀电位正向移动0.074 8 V。两种方法处理得到的铝合金表面的耐蚀性与空白铝合金试样相比均有显著提高,而酸刻蚀法的缓蚀效...     

Hierarchical silicon etched structures for controlled hydrophobicity/superhydrophobicity

Silicon surface hydrophobicity has been varied by using silane treatments on silicon pyramid surfaces generated by KOH anisotropic etching. Results demonstrated that by altering the surface hydrophobicity, the apparent contact angle changed in accord with the Wenzel equation for surface structures with inclined side walls. Hierarchical structures were also constructed from Si pyramids where nanostructures were added by Au-assisted electroless HF/H2O2 etching. Surface hydrophobicity and superhydrophobicity were achieved by surface modification with a variety of silanes. Stability of the Cassie state of superhydrophobicity is described with respect to the Laplace pressure as indicated by the water droplet meniscus in contact with the hierarchical structures. The contact angle hysteresis observed is also discussed with respect to water/substrate adhesion.