湿工况下低气压对翅片管换热器换热特性的影响

在高空低气压环境下模拟舱内对开缝翅片管换热器在湿工况下的换热特性进行了实验研究,分析了不同环境压力对空气侧换热特性的影响,包括显热换热、潜热换热和努赛尔数的变化规律。实验结果表明,当干球温度和相对湿度不变时,湿工况下空气侧显热换热量、潜热换热量和空气侧传热系数均随着环境压力的降低而减小;而单位质量潜热换热量几乎不变,潜热换热所占比例略微增大。同一个环境压力下,入口空气的相对湿度对换热器的显热换热量影响不大,而对潜热换热量影响显著。当相对湿度分别为40%、60%和80%时,显热换热量差异小于5%;而潜热换热量当相对湿度为80%时,是相对湿度为40%时的5.9~6.8倍。     

基于GA-BP神经网络的土壤-空气换热器换热量预测分析

文章对位于太原市一个日光温室内的土壤-空气换热器进行夏季工况试验,获得了不同运行工况下换热管内空气的温度和湿度的分布数据.试验结果表明:土壤-空气换热器具有一定的除湿效果;当换热管长度为17.2 m,换热管内空气流速为2 m/s时,土壤-空气换热器潜热换热量占全热换热量的31.37％,且潜热换热量在全热换热量中的占比随...     

土壤空气换热器换热特性的模拟研究

文章针对日光温室环境下土壤空气换热器的换热特性进行了研究。首先通过监测土壤空气换热器沿程空气温度的全天变化,分析了试验工况下土壤空气换热器的动态换热过程及系统性能变化规律。研究结果表明,在试验工况下,土壤空气换热器系统的性能系数(COP)可高达24.1。在此基础上,通过建立土壤空气换热器的非稳态换热模型,模拟研究不同的入口风速对土壤空气换热器换热性能的影响。研究结果表明,当换热管入口空气温度相同时,随着入口风速的增加,土壤空气换热器进出口空气温度差逐渐减小,出口处空气温度与土壤温度差值逐渐增大,这意味着土壤空气换热器有效换热长度逐渐变长。在此过程中,土壤空气换热器系统的换热量和COP随着入口空气风速的增加呈现出先增后减的规律。通过模拟结果可知,当入口风速达到5.5 m/s时,土壤空气换热器系统的换热量与COP均达到最大值。     

汽车空调暖风系统平行流换热器换热性能研究

平行流换热器以其结构紧凑、换热效率高的特点已广泛应用于汽车空调中.简要介绍了汽车空调暖风系统平行流换热器结构,采用计算流体力学(CFD)数值模拟方法对平行流换热器的换热性能进行了分析,比较了空气侧风速和水流量对其换热量和流动阻力的影响.模拟结果表明:在增加相同百分比的情况下,增加空气侧风速比增加水流量对换热器换热量的影响大16%左右,但增加空气侧风速和水流量对换热器换热能力的影响均有限;随着风速的提高,换热量增加率逐渐减小,而空气侧阻力增加率越来越大;随着水流量增加,水侧压降增大非常明显;但两者增加对空气侧出口温度影响均不明显.     

低气压下翅片管换热器空气侧换热特性的实验研究

为研究低气压环境下翅片管换热器空气侧的换热特性,对不同气压环境下空气侧流速和翅片间距对平翅片管换热器空气侧换热特性的影响进行了实验分析。实验环境气压范围为40～100 kPa,换热器迎面风速为1.0～3.5 m/s,翅片间距2～3 mm。研究表明:实验工况下环境气压40 kPa时空气侧传热因子仅为常压下的30.42%～46.41%;低气压环境空气侧流速和翅片间距对空气侧换热的影响趋势与常压数据基本保持一致;不改变换热器结构,环境气压的变化仅影响空气物性,而对空气的流动状态的影响不大;翅片间距影响随Re的减小和环境气压的降低而减弱,两种翅片间距模型空气侧传热因子平均差异在环境气压为100 kPa时为12.07%,40 kPa时缩小为3.00%。     

环境风影响下换流变压器空冷系统换热性能研究

针对北方地区某高压直流输电换流站,建立了换流变压器空冷系统以及周围建筑物的计算流体动力学仿真模型,研究了不同环境风向和风速影响下空冷系统换热性能的变化规律。研究结果表明：由于周围建筑物的影响,空冷系统的换热性能在不同的环境风向下均有所衰减。当风向为W、风速为6m/s时,环境风流动方向与风机进气方向相反,极1和极2换流变空冷系统的换热能力衰减最为严重,分别下降了38%与40%。在高风速占比最多的NW28°风向下,环境风速逐渐升高时换热器上方的涡旋随着风向移动,迎风侧换热器出口高温气流回流至其他换热器入口;处于迎风侧的变压器2F换热器换热量最低,沿着环境风的运动方向不同位置换热器换热量呈现先升高后降低的趋势。研究结果为深入理解环境风影响下空冷系统换热性能的变化规律提供了理论依据,也为设计适应真实场景的变压器空冷系统提供了技术支撑。     

相关参数对增强型冷却塔换热性能影响的研究

以增强型冷却塔为研究对象,通过数值模拟的方法,对其在不同环境温度、湿度及不同换热器布置下的换热性能进行计算与分析,得到不同条件下空气流量和换热量的分布。研究表明:系统换热量随空气湿度增加小幅度增加,而随温度的增加却有较大幅度的下降;在换热面积一定且换热器均匀分组条件下,如换热器间隙有填塞物,换热量随着覆盖率的增加而减小;若换热器间隙无填塞物,换热量随着覆盖率的增加而增加至覆盖率为93%达到最大值,随后减小。最优换热器布置为:覆盖率93%,换热器分组均匀且尽量细分,间隙内无填塞物。     

汽车空调性能试验台总成——主机及风洞系统的研制与试验分析

针对微通道换热器用作汽车空调冷凝器的特点,研制了一套冷凝器单体性能测试试验台,即主机及风洞试验台.该试验台主测风洞系统的换热量采用空气焓差法测试,辅测主机系统的换热量采用制冷剂流量计法测试,并选取两款微通道冷凝器对其进行冷凝换热试验,以验证该试验台的稳定性和准确性.结果表明,该试验台空气侧和制冷剂侧所测得的换热量偏差均在5%以内,满足冷凝器测控要求.根据实验数据得到了冷凝器迎面风速对换热量、空气压降和制冷剂压降的影响规律,为微通道换热器的优化设计及企业的相关研究提供参考.     

增压富氧燃煤锅炉省煤器的设计与优化

以300MW机组煤粉炉省煤器为例,对锅炉常压空气燃烧、常压富氧燃烧和5种不同增压(6MPa)富氧燃烧方案下的锅炉对流受热面尺寸、烟气流量、烟气侧传热系数和压降等参数进行了计算和分析,根据基于经济性分析的单位换热量换热器总费用最小的原则确定省煤器的最佳设计结构.结果表明:与常压空气燃烧相比,常压富氧燃烧下烟气体积流量减小了28.5%,对流传热系数减小了11.5%;增压富氧燃烧下的烟气体积流量减小了98.82%,随着烟气流速的增大,受热面面积减小,烟气侧传热系数和压降增大;最佳方案中的烟气流速为1.54m/s时,单位换热量换热器总费用约为常压空气燃烧下的60%,烟气侧压降为582.65Pa,烟道截面积仅为常压空气燃烧下的7.8%.     

结构参数对电厂翅片管散热器动态特性的影响

散热器经常处于变化的工作条件中,研究散热器的动态特性有助于改善间接空冷系统的安全和经济运行,而散热器的结构参数会影响其动态特性。根据能量守恒建立了散热器空气、管壁和循环水的热平衡偏微分方程,采用改进欧拉法对偏微分方程组进行求解。以迎面风速阶跃变化为典型工况,研究了换热面积、换热系数和工质体积对散热器动态特性的影响。结果如下:当空气侧换热面积增加时,散热器换热量增大,两个稳态之间的空气出口温度差值不变,循环水出口温度差值增加,空气侧响应时间增加,循环水侧响应时间不变。当循环水侧换热面积增加时,散热器换热量增大,两个稳态之间的空气和循环水出口温度差值不变,空气侧和循环水侧的响应时间也不变。换热系数变化时,散热器动态过程的变化规律与换热面积变化时类似。空气侧工质体积变化对散热器动态特性没有影响。循环水侧工质体积增大会使得动态响应时间变长。     

微细管束换热器结霜及流动对流换热特性实验研究

利用可视化换热器性能实验台测试了微细管束表面在无换热、大温差、凝露条件下不同风速工况的流动损失与空气侧换热系数。同时探究了超低温工况下,相对湿度和风速对微细管束换热器流动换热特性影响。相对湿度增大,湿空气释放潜热增加,结霜量增大,换热器前后压损增加。高速气流具有剪切作用,风速增大会导致结霜迟滞。     

建筑物冬季空气渗透耗热量分析

对冬季建筑物外围护门窗结构冷风渗透耗热量进行理论分析,考虑通过空气渗透和侵入造成的潜热热负荷,并对显热热负荷和潜热热负荷进行逐时计算,将结果进行比较分析。结果表明在冬季供暖空调标准工况下,24h周期内空气渗透造成的潜热热负荷约是其相应显热热负荷的8%。对于高层建筑以及室内温湿度要求较高的建筑,进行采暖负荷设计时有必要考虑这部分潜热负荷。     

冷凝锅炉尾部翅片管束换热器的复合放热特性及节能效果

介绍了一台燃气锅炉在尾部加装翅片管束冷凝换热装置后的实炉运行情况及节能效果。运行结果表明：加装分离式冷凝换热器回收燃气锅炉尾气中的显热与潜热，技术措施可行，节能效果明显，热效率提高6％以上，经济效益可观。通过实炉实验研究还获得了低烟速下含有水蒸气冷凝换热的翅片管束复合放热特性实验关联式，可供设计及运行单位参考。     

舰船局部空调区与高温环境区的传热研究

分析了送风流量对舰船局部空调区的速度场、温度场的影响和局部空调区与环境区的显热与潜热传递情况，得出了局部空调区的有效半径、高温环境区向局部空调区传递的显热流量和潜热流量与送风量和风口安装高度的关系。     

空调系统排风热回收换热器的试验研究

对用于回收空调系统余热的通风换热器进行了试验研究。在冬季工况下对其进行了性能测试。试验结果表明，该换热器具有换热效率高、阻力小的特点；在风速为2．6m/s的工况下，其换热效率达到64．5％。     

Exergy analysis of latent heat storage systems with sensible heating and subcooling of PCM

The effect of sensible heating of the phase-change material (PCM) before melting and subcooling after solidification, on the performance of the latent heat storage system (LHSS), is studied in terms of first- and second-law efficiencies for the overall charge–discharge cycle. The external heat transfer irreversibilities on account of the interaction between the heat transfer fluid and the storage element are characterized and the optimum phase-change temperature for maximum second-law efficiency is studied. The performance of the LHSS operation is assessed with and without sensible heating before melting and subcooling after solidification. It is observed that the optimum phase-change temperature is higher, and, the overall second-law efficiency is greater for LHSS with sensible heating and subcooling beyond a certain phase-change temperature compared to latent heat storage alone. In addition, the first-law overall efficiency is found to exhibit a minimum and a pre-heated discharge stream is shown to result in a substantial improvement of the second-law efficiency. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Mechanism and influence factor analysis of heat transfer deterioration of transcritical methane

A three-dimensional simulation, of transcritical flow, and heat transfer of methane, under asymmetric heating conditions, were performed. The simulation results demonstrated that the drastic changes in density at the pseudo critical temperature lead to an M-type velocity distribution, which plays a dominant role in the deterioration of heat transfer. The specific heat affects the location of the deterioration, while the thermal conductivity and viscosity affect only the wall temperature magnitude, whereas they do not affect the occurrence and location of heat transfer deterioration. The M-type velocity gradually disappears with the inlet mass flow rate increasing, indicating that heat transfer deterioration was eliminated. In addition, there is a critical inlet pressure of 10 MPa. When the inlet pressure is less than critical inlet pressure, heat transfer is improved with the inlet pressure's increase. However, when the inlet pressure is higher than critical inlet pressure, with inlet pressure increasing further, the decrease in the peak specific heat value will weaken the heat absorption capacity of methane, making the deterioration more severe. The deterioration of heat transfer will be improved by increasing the wall roughness, while the pressure drop will also be increased. The optimal wall roughness of 7 μm can be selected by using the thermal performance factor.     

一种多用途热泵的分析

通过对现有热泵循环过程的全面分析,提出了一种新型的多用途热泵.该热泵有蒸汽释放出气态显热的高温换热器、工质释放出液化潜热的中温换热器(冷凝器)和工质释放出液态显热的低温换热器.计算表明,与采用相同循环工质的现有热泵相比,该新型热泵具有更高的制热系数.它可以应用于家庭、学校以及企事业等单位的采暖/空调、沐浴以及开水供应等.     

Modeling of heat and moisture transport by periodic ventilation of thin cotton fibrous media

In walking conditions, the air spacing between the fabric layer of a porous clothing system and the human skin changes with the walking frequency. This change will cause air penetration in and out of the clothing system depending on the fabric air permeability. The air passing through the fabric can considerably reduce the heat and moisture transfer resistance of the clothing system and its suitability for a given thermal environment. In this work, the coupled convection heat and moisture exchange within the clothing system subject to sinusoidal air layer thickness variation about a fixed mean is experimentally investigated and theoretically modeled to predict the periodic fabric regain, the fabric temperature and the transient conditions of the air layer located between the fabric and the skin.Experiments were conducted in environmental chambers under controlled conditions using a sweating hot plate at 35 °C that represents the human skin and a gear motor to generate the oscillating fabric motion. The first set of experiments was done using a dry isothermal hot plate to measure the sensible heat transfer. The second set of experiments was conducted with an isothermal sweating hot plate and the total heat (sensible and latent) transport from the plate was recorded.A mathematical model was developed for the heat and mass transport through the air spacing layer and the fiber clothing system. In the fabric, a three-node adsorption model was used to describe the effect of fabric motion (ventilation) on the sensible and latent heat flows from the human skin under different environmental conditions. The fiber model was linked to the transport model of the oscillating air spacing layer that falls between the fiber and the fixed boundary (human skin). The transport equations were solved numerically. The sensible and latent heat transport quantities at the moist solid boundary were calculated. A reasonable agreement was observed between the model predictions of heat loss or gain from the hot plate and the experimentally measured results.