苯甲酰脲类杀虫剂伏虫隆合成新工艺

以2,4-二氟硝基苯为原料,经过氯化、还原反应合成了3,5-二氯-2,4-二氟苯胺;以2,6-二氯苯腈为原料,经过氟化和水解制得2,6-二氟苯甲酰胺。将2,6-二氟苯甲酰胺与二(三氯甲基)碳酸酯酰化合成2,6-二氯苯甲酰异氰酸酯,再与3,5-二氯-2,4-二氟苯胺加成得到杀虫剂伏虫隆,总收率为75·3%。     

2,6-二乙基苯胺基乙基丙基醚的合成

以2,6-二乙基苯胺与氯乙基丙基醚为原料,合成了2,6-二乙基苯胺基乙基丙基醚,对反应条件进行优化,确定了最佳工艺条件为：反应时间10h,反应温度170℃,原料配比n（2,6-二乙基苯胺）：n（氯乙基丙基醚）=3：1,碱浓度为40％。在此条件下反应,摩尔收率可达到85．6％。     

苯甲酰脲类杀虫剂伏虫隆合成新工艺

伏虫隆是一种苯甲酰脲类杀虫剂,尤其对有机磷、拟除虫菊酯、氨基甲酸酯三类杀虫剂已产生抗性的害虫防治效果更佳。以2,4-二氟硝基苯为原料,经过氯化、还原反应合成了3,5-二氯-2,4-二氟苯胺;以2,6-二氯苯腈为原料,经过氟化和水解制得2,6-二氟苯甲酰胺,将2,6-二氟苯甲酰胺与二(三氯甲基)碳酸酯酰化合成2,6-二氟苯甲酰异氰酸酯,再与3,5-二氯-2,4二氟苯胺加成得到杀虫剂伏虫隆,总收率为75.3%。产物结构经元素分析、IR和1HNMR所表征。该工艺具有原料易得、收率高、质量好、对环境污染小的特点。     

3,5-二甲基-4-溴碘苯和2,6-二甲基-4-溴碘苯的合成

二甲基对溴碘代苯是带有两种不同卤素基团的芳香族有机合成中间体。2,6-二甲基苯胺在过碳酸钠作用下,于45~50℃与碘反应1 h,得到2,6-二甲基-4-碘苯胺,收率42.5%。2,6-二甲基-4-碘苯胺在-5~0℃下进行重氮化,进一步与溴化亚铜发生Sandm eyer反应,得到3,5-二甲基-4-溴碘苯,收率31.5%。2,6-二甲基苯胺室温下与六亚甲基四胺溴络合物反应30 m in,得到2,6-二甲基-4-溴苯胺,收率62.0%。2,6-二甲基-4-溴苯胺在-5~0℃进行重氮化,与K I反应,得到2,6-二甲基-4-溴碘苯,收率33.1%。通过熔点、红外光谱和核磁共振氢谱对中间体2,6-二甲基-4-碘苯胺、2,6-二甲基-4-溴苯胺以及最终产物3,5-二甲基-4-溴碘苯和2,6-二甲基-4-溴碘苯进行了表征。     

2,6-二烷基-4-溴苯胺的合成及表征

以液溴为溴化试剂,分别与2,6-二甲基苯胺、2,6-二异丙基苯胺反应,通过控制反应温度和时间,物料滴加方式,合成了2,6-二甲基-4-溴苯胺和2,6-二异丙基-4-溴苯胺,产率分别为67%和61%.通过 1HNMR 对目标产物进行结构表征.     

2,2'''',6,6''''-四异丙基二苯基碳化二亚胺的合成研究

以2,6-二异丙基苯胺为原料,经光气化、缩合等反应合成了2,2′,6,6′-四异丙基二苯基碳化二亚胺。研究了反应温度和反应时间对单元反应的影响,经红外光谱、质谱和核磁氢谱鉴定,合成产物结构正确。产品总收率60％以上,可以工业化。     

N-(3-氯丁基-2-基)-2,6-二异丙基苯胺的合成及化学品安全分析

以二异丙基苯胺和3-氯-2-丁酮为原料,首次合成和制备了一种新型的二异丙基苯胺类配体,N-(3-氯丁基-2-基)-2,6-二异丙基苯胺;利用核磁共振（1H NMR,13C NMR）的方法对产物的结构进行表征。对反应温度、反应时间进行了优化,优化后的反应条件下可以成功得到目标产物。该合成方法为未来新型二异丙基苯胺类配体的合成提供了一种新颖的思路。除了实验合成步骤,对实验过程中存在的安全隐患及可能会出现的安全问题进行了剖析和讨论,保证了实验的安全进行。     

1,3-双(2,6-二异丙基苯基)氯化咪锉嗡的合成

以2,6-二异丙基苯胺与乙二醛为起始原料,合成1,4-双(2,6-二异丙基苯基)-1,4-二氮丁二烯(IPr-1#),随后与多聚甲醛反应,得到1,3-双(2,6-二异丙基苯基)氯化咪锉嗡(IPr.HCl)。考察了反应温度、时间以及料比等条件对反应结果的影响。优化条件后,两步反应可得到含量为98.5%的白色粉末产品,总收率为77.2%。并通过LC-MS、DSC对产物进行表征。     

2．6—二氟苯胺的合成

介绍了2,6-二氟苯胺的合成方法。以2,6-二氯苯腈为起始原料,经过氟化、水解反应生成2,6-二氟苯甲酰胺,再由霍夫曼重排而得到2,6-二氟苯胺。收率约为55郾5%。     

一锅法合成2-(3-乙氧基-4-正癸氧基苯胺基)亚甲基丙二酸二乙酯

以4-羟基-3-乙氧基苯胺为原料,先与乙氧亚甲叉丙二酸二酯缩合、再与溴癸烷成醚得到2-(3-乙氧基-4-正癸氧基苯胺基)亚甲基丙二酸二乙酯,总收率为89.2%。缩合反应在无溶剂条件下进行;癸烷基化反应通过加水催化,严格控制反应体系的含水量在2.0%⁵.0%,不仅可以加快反应速率,而且提高了转化率,避免了催化剂使用,是一条适合生产的新合成工艺路线。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。