葛根提取物对高尿酸血症大鼠血尿酸的影响

近年来,高尿酸血症日益多发,成为研究者关注的焦点。为探讨葛根提取物对高尿酸血症大鼠血清尿酸的影响及作用方式,采用高尿酸血症大鼠动物模型,生化检测,代谢实验方法等,对摄入葛根提取物的实验大鼠的血清尿酸水平,尿酸生成关键酶黄嘌呤氧化酶活性及尿酸排泄量等指标进行监测。结果发现,适宜剂量的葛根素可以通过抑制黄嘌呤氧化酶活性抑制尿酸生成,并增加尿酸在尿液中的溶解度,保持一定的排泄量,从而抑制机体的血尿酸水平升高,有益于改善高尿酸血症患者健康状况。     

槲皮素和芹菜素对高尿酸血症大鼠血尿酸及抗氧化能力的影响

目的：研究同等剂量的槲皮素和芹菜素对腺嘌呤+盐酸乙胺丁醇诱导高尿酸血症大鼠血尿酸及抗氧化能力的影响。方法：SD大鼠随机分为5组,空白对照组、模型对照组、别嘌醇组、槲皮素组和芹菜素组。利用腺嘌呤加盐酸乙胺丁醇片灌胃诱导SD大鼠制备高尿酸血症模型,槲皮素和芹菜素预防治疗3周,测定肝脏和血清中相关的酶活性及生化指标。结果：与模型组相比,槲皮素和芹菜素均能显著降低高尿酸血症大鼠血尿酸(SUA)、尿素氮(SUN)、血肌酐(SCr)和丙二醛(MDA)的水平,提高超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)的水平。结论：槲皮素和芹菜素均能很好的控制高尿酸血症大鼠血清尿酸水平,并且能够增强高尿酸血症大鼠的抗氧化和清除氧自由基的能力,减少脂质过氧化。     

壳寡糖复合固体饮料对高尿酸血症小鼠的降尿酸作用研究

为探究壳寡糖复合固体饮料“壳酸平”(ke suan ping, KSP)在高尿酸血症小鼠中的降尿酸及肝肾保护作用,该研究将60只昆明小鼠分为6组：阴性对照组(negative group, NC)、高尿酸血症模型组(model group, M)、低剂量KSP组(low-dose KSP group, LKSP)、中剂量KSP组(middle-dose KSP group, MKSP)、高剂量KSP组(high-dose KSP group, HKSP)、别嘌呤醇组(allopurinol group, AP)。适应性喂养1周后,通过腹腔注射氧嗪酸钾辅以灌胃酵母膏建立了高尿酸血症模型小鼠,同时更换KSP组小鼠饲料为含不同剂量KSP的饲料,AP组在造模1 h以后给药。收集小鼠血清用于尿酸、肌酐、尿素氮、黄嘌呤氧化酶的检测;收集小鼠肝、肾、肠用于苏木精-伊红染色法(hematoxylin-eosin staining, HE染色)和q-PCR。结果显示,与M组相比,KSP可以降低高尿酸血症小鼠血清尿酸、肌酐、尿素氮、黄嘌呤氧化酶活性,缓解高尿酸血症小鼠肝肾损伤,调节GLUT9、URAT1、...     

扁舵鲣鱼低聚肽降尿酸功效评价

该研究以高尿酸血症大鼠模型为对象,来评价扁舵鲣鱼低聚肽(Auxis thazard oligopeptide,ATO)降尿酸功效。结果表明,通过对比模型组、ATO 1.6 g/kg、2.4 g/kg剂量组,发现脏器系数并不存在显著差异。血清黄嘌呤氧化酶(xan-thine oxidase,XOD)的变化趋势为先降后升再缓降,据此可以确定,短时间内肝脏中XOD活性能明显降低。对比模型组可以发现,血清尿素氮、血肌酐指标有所下降,ATO 2.4 g/kg剂量组最为明显,血尿酸含量明显下降,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。各试验组的尿酸浓度和尿酸排泄量相比正常组也有明显降低(P<0.05)。依据组织病理学结果可知,通过ATO的应用,能够保护高尿酸血症大鼠的肾脏,但剂效关系尚不明显;尿酸生成因尿酸盐沉积的减少而降低,因而ATO具有一定的降尿酸功效,并且不会产生过多的毒副作用。     

藤茶提取物的降尿酸作用研究

目的:研究藤茶提取物对高尿酸血症小鼠的降尿酸效果和对肝肾的保护作用。方法:腹腔注射氧嗪酸钾诱导建立高尿酸血症小鼠模型,以藤茶提取物低、中、高剂量（100、200、400 mg/kg）和别嘌呤醇（10 mg/kg）连续灌胃14 d,检测小鼠血清尿酸（Uric acid, UA）、尿素氮（Blood urea nitrogen, BUN）、肌酐（Creatinine, CRE）、天门冬氨酸氨基转氨酶（Aspartate aminotransferase, AST）、谷氨酸氨基转氨酶（Alanine aminotransferase, ALT）和肝脏黄嘌呤氧化酶（Xanthine oxidase, XOD）水平;计算肝肾系数后切片染色,观察肝肾组织的病理学特征。结果:与模型组相比,200和400 mg/kg藤茶提取物组小鼠血清尿酸值分别降低22.65%（P<0.05）和29.15%（P<0.01）,显著降低血清肌酐和尿素氮水平（P<0.05）, 下调天门冬氨酸氨基转氨酶、谷氨酸氨基转氨酶和肝脏黄嘌呤氧化酶水平（P<0.05）,降低肝肾系数;病理组织形态学检查结果发现藤茶提取物对高尿酸血症小鼠肝组织和肾组织有明显改善作用。结论:200、400 mg/kg藤茶提取物对高尿酸血症小鼠有良好的降尿酸效果和肝肾保护作用。     

茶多酚对高尿酸血症小鼠尿酸水平的影响及机制研究

为探讨茶多酚对氧嗪酸钾诱导的小鼠高尿酸血症的影响及机制,以制备氧嗪酸钾诱导的小鼠高尿酸血症模型,连续给予灌胃150、300、600mg/kg茶多酚7d,磷钨酸法检测小鼠血清尿酸含量,化学比色法检测小鼠血清及肝脏中的黄嘌呤氧化酶活性。结果表明:在茶多酚灌胃300、600mg/kg剂量下与模型组相比高尿酸血症模型小鼠血清中尿酸的含量减少22%及29%(均p0.01),与此同时,血清中黄嘌呤氧化酶的活性显著降低14%(p0.05)及21%(p0.01),且肝脏中黄嘌呤氧化酶的活性也显著降低16%(p0.05)及21%(p0.01)。因此茶多酚可显著降低高尿酸血症模型小鼠的血尿酸水平,且其作用机制与抑制黄嘌呤氧化酶的活性密切相关。     

苦荞麸皮正丁醇提取物对2型糖尿病大鼠降血糖效果

目的:探究苦荞麸皮正丁醇提取物对2型糖尿病大鼠的降血糖作用。方法:高蔗糖和高脂肪饮食结合小剂量四氧嘧啶,诱导建立2型糖尿病大鼠模型,将实验动物分为空白组、模型组、中药阳性对照组、高、中、低剂量组,考察连续30d灌胃给予苦荞麸皮正丁醇提取物对2型糖尿病大鼠糖脂代谢的影响。结果:与空白组相比,模型组大鼠的体质量和胰岛敏感指数极显著减少(p<0.01),空腹血糖、血糖曲线下面积、甘油三酯、血清胰岛素、胰岛素抵抗指数、总胆固醇及糖化血清蛋白极显著升高(p<0.01),与模型组相比,苦荞高、中剂量组及阳性对照组大鼠体质量显著升高(p<0.05),苦荞提取物高、中、低组和阳性对照组大鼠的空腹血糖、AUC、血清胰岛素和胰岛素抵抗指数、甘油三酯、糖化血清蛋白均显著降低(p<0.01或p<0.05),胰岛素敏感指数均极显著升高(p<0.01),苦荞正丁醇高剂量组和阳性对照组大鼠的总胆固醇显著降低(p<0.01或p<0.05)。结论:苦荞麸皮正丁醇提取物能够有效改善2型糖尿病大鼠的糖脂代谢情况,并呈现一定的剂量-效应关系。     

土三七提取物对尿酸钠诱导的大鼠急性痛风性关节炎的缓解作用

为研究土三七提取物对尿酸钠诱导的大鼠急性痛风性关节炎的缓解作用,将SD大鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、土三七提取物高(300 mg/kg)、中(200 mg/kg)、低剂量组(100 mg/kg)。各组大鼠分组给药6 d后,除正常组外,其余组大鼠注射尿酸钠溶液造模。测定大鼠关节肿胀度,进行步态分析,造模48 h后处死老鼠,进行苏木素-伊红(HE)染色观察关节腔积液涂片和关节滑膜浸润情况,酶联免疫吸附法测定大鼠滑膜组织中白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)、白细胞介素-1α(IL-1α)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)含量。结果显示,模型组大鼠踝关节肿胀,步态跛行,滑膜组织中大量炎症细胞浸润,炎症因子IL-1β、IL-1α、TNF-α均显著(p<0.05)高于正常组,提示造模成功。土三七提取物中、高剂量组大鼠踝关节肿胀度随着时间推移均有所改善,步态肿胀也有所缓和,其中高剂量组大鼠关节肿胀抑制率一直保持在50%以上,中剂量组抑制率在致炎6 h后达到47.1%,炎症因子IL-1β、IL-1α、TNF-α含量均低于模型组大鼠,且差异显著(p<0.05)。本次试验结果表明土三七提取物中、高剂量组对尿酸钠诱导的大鼠急性痛风性关节炎有积极的影响作用。     

神秘果树叶提取物降尿酸作用及其有效成分鉴定

黄嘌呤氧化酶是嘌呤代谢生成尿酸过程中的关键酶,对于高尿酸血症的发生和发展起至关重要的作用。本文构建了氧嗪酸钾诱致高尿酸血症大鼠模型,对比研究了神秘果树叶乙醇、水提取物在动物体内的降尿酸作用,采用现代色谱、波谱技术导向分离具有黄嘌呤氧化酶抑制活性的化合物。研究结果表明:神秘果树叶乙醇、水提取物在动物体内均具有一定的降尿酸作用。乙醇提取物降尿酸活性强于水提取物,并可显著增加高尿酸血症大鼠血清肌酐含量及降低尿素氮含量,呈现较好的护肾活性。从神秘果树叶中分离鉴定出3种槲皮素类化合物,包括槲皮素、槲皮素-3-O-α-L-鼠李糖苷以及金丝桃苷。3种槲皮素类化合物在乙醇提取物中的含量从高到低依次为:槲皮素-3-O-α-L-鼠李糖苷【1.74 g/(100 g)】、金丝桃苷【0.77 g/(100 g)】、槲皮素【0.17 g/(100 g)】。黄嘌呤氧化酶抑制活性从强到弱依次为:槲皮素、金丝桃苷、槲皮素-3-O-α-L-鼠李糖苷。神秘果树叶提取物以及槲皮素类化合物可用作保健食品功效因子,用以预防与治疗高尿酸血症。     

黑果枸杞花青素提取物对大鼠急性痛风性关节炎的作用

为研究黑果枸杞花青素提取物(anthocyanin extract of Lycium ruthenicum Murr., AEL)对急性痛风性关节炎(acute gouty arthritis, AGA)大鼠的作用,将60只雄性SD大鼠,随机分为正常对照组、模型对照组、阳性对照组、AEL高剂量组(238.0mg/kg)和AEL低剂量组(59.5mg/kg),每组12只,分为2批,每批6只。第一批动物灌胃2周,第二批动物灌胃4周后,采用50mg/mL微晶型尿酸钠(microcrystalline sodium urate, MSU) 0.2mL注射到大鼠右踝关节诱导大鼠急性痛风性关节炎模型,评价AEL对AGA大鼠踝关节肿胀和跛行步态的改善效果。所有动物继续灌胃至5周,采用质量分数2.5%的氧嗪酸钾饲料喂食诱导高尿酸血症模型,测定造模2h、3h后大鼠的血清尿酸水平。研究发现,与模型对照组比较,灌胃2周,AEL高剂量能明显缓解大鼠造模6h后踝关节肿胀,改善跛行步态;灌胃4周,AEL高、低剂量均能明显缓解大鼠造模后6h、24h踝关节肿胀和改善造模6h后跛行步态,AEL高剂量还能明显改善造模24h后跛行步态;灌胃5周后,AEL高、低剂量均能明显抑制氧嗪酸钾导致的大鼠血清尿酸升高。结果表明,AEL能从抗炎和降尿酸两个方面对大鼠急性痛风性关节炎表现出明显改善作用。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press