复方对乙酰氨基酚薄膜衣片的制备及质量评价

制备复方对乙酰氨基酚薄膜衣片并对其进行质量评价。采用薄膜包衣技术,制备复方对乙酰氨基酚薄膜衣片,然后对其外观、崩解时限、含量、抗热性、抗湿性及抗磨性等质量指标进行研究。结果实验结果表明,复方对乙酰氨基酚薄膜衣片没有明显变化,复方对乙酰氨基酚片的外观由白色逐渐变成微红、暗红色;抗热性及抗湿性试验表明在60℃温度下的复方对乙酰氨基酚薄膜衣片的主药含量比基本没有明显变化,复方对乙酰氨基酚片的主药含量下降明显;抗磨性试验表明复方对乙酰氨基酚薄膜衣片优于素片。复方对乙酰氨基酚薄膜衣片的制备工艺简单,容易操作,质量稳定。     

正交试验优化妇血安片薄膜包衣工艺

目的:优化妇血安片的薄膜包衣工艺。方法:采用正交试验,以蠕动泵转速、进风温度、包衣锅转速为考察因素,以外观检查及崩解时限为评价指标,确定最佳包衣工艺。结果:优化后的包衣工艺参数:蠕动泵转速为6.0±0.5 r/min,进风温度为85℃,包衣锅转速为8～9 r/min,优化后的工艺参数明显提升外观合格率。结论:优化后的包衣工艺参数持续稳定,可用于妇血安片的实际生产。     

药厂包衣液废水的处理

药厂薄膜包衣液废水COD浓度高、可生化性差,属于难生物降解的有机废水。本研究将Fenton试剂氧化技术与AB法工艺(生物处理)相结合,处理该难降解有机废水,取得了一定效果。通过正交试验,确定Fenton试剂氧化最优条件:Fe SO4·7H2O浓度为1.5 g/L、H2O2浓度为30 m L/L、反应时间120 min;在此条件下,Fenton试剂氧化处理包衣液废水的COD去除率为83.7%;AB法工艺在容积负荷为1.5 kg COD/kg MLSS·d、运行时间50 min时,COD去除率为70.1%;COD的总去除效率达到95%。为药厂薄膜包衣液废水处理提供了一项可行的处理技术。     

魔芋生物碱的提取及抑菌活性分析

以魔芋为原料,对其生物碱的提取工艺条件进行了研究,并对其抑菌活性进行分析。以浸提温度、料液比、浸提时间和乙醇浓度为考察因子,分别通过单因素试验与正交试验确定魔芋生物碱的最佳提取条件,并通过滤纸片法探讨其抑菌活性。研究结果表明,魔芋生物碱最佳提取工艺条件为温度60℃、料液比1:10(v/w)、浸提时间40 min、乙醇浓度95%,提取率最高可达0.48%;魔芋生物碱对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌均具有一定的抑菌活性。     

酸熔法从矾浆中提取氢氧化铝的研究

实验以矾浆为原料,利用酸熔法从中提取氢氧化铝。考察了固液比、反应温度、硫酸浓度等因素对氢氧化铝提取率的影响,通过正交试验确定了最佳的工艺条件,硫酸浓度为60%,固液比1∶3,反应温度为175℃,在此条件下氢氧化铝的提取率可达87.07%。     

藕中总黄酮的提取工艺研究

研究了藕中黄酮类化合物的提取工艺。考察了提取温度、提取时间、溶剂浓度、料液比四个单因素对黄酮提取率的影响,根据L9(34)正交试验对黄酮提取条件进行优化。结果表明:该工艺条件下黄酮提取率为:148.606 mg/100 g。最佳提取工艺为:提取温度为70℃,提取时间为60 min,乙醇浓度为70%,料液比为1∶25。     

铝塑分离及浸出液合成聚合氯化铝条件研究

以废铝塑为原材料,利用盐酸溶液对铝塑进行充分的分离,用分离液合成净水剂聚合氯化铝,探索铝塑分离的最佳工艺,考察了盐酸浓度、反应时间、加热温度、固液比对于铝塑分离的影响,得出最佳条件;用废铝塑浸出液制备高效净水剂聚合氯化铝,探索合成的最佳工艺,考察了氢氧化钠的加入体积、熟化时间、熟化温度、缓冲溶液对其影响,获得最佳条件。     

薄膜包衣喷雾特性实验研究

根据薄膜包衣工艺设计了喷雾装置。利用photoshop软件的图像处理技术分析喷滴大小，通过多因素正交试验和方差分析，得出了主气路流量、溶液浓度、压缩空气压力等参数对喷滴大小影响的显著性程度及其影响规律。     

超声波辅助提取黑木耳黄酮的工艺研究

以黑木耳为原料,研究超声波辅助提取黑木耳黄酮的最佳工艺条件。以黄酮提取率为考察指标,利用NaNO_2-Al (NO_3)_3显色法并设计单因素试验和正交试验探索料液比、超声温度、超声功率及乙醇浓度四个因素对黑木耳黄酮提取率的影响。结果显示超声波辅助提取黑木耳黄酮的最佳工艺条件为:料液比1∶6(g/mL)、超声温度70℃、超声功率70 W、乙醇浓度75%,提取率为0.92%,RSD=1.081%。表明此最佳工艺条件稳定、结果可靠。     

紫甘蓝花青素的浸提工艺及稳定性研究

采用400 W超声辅助提取紫甘蓝花青素,考察提取剂浓度、料液比、浸提温度、浸提时间的影响。实验表明紫甘蓝花青素的最佳工艺条件:料液比为1∶10 g/m L,浸提温度为50℃,浸提时间为20 min和30%乙醇水溶液。并研究了温度、光照和氧化剂对紫甘蓝花青素稳定性的影响。     

Fluidized bed film coating of cohesive Geldart group C powders

The difficulty of coating cohesive Geldart group C powders in a conventional fluidized bed is attributed to strong inter-particle force between fine particles leading to poor fluidization behavior. Dry coating approach involving deposition of nanosize particles on the surface of group C powders is considered to reduce the interparticle force and improve the fluidization behavior of fine powders. Polymer film coating at an individual particle level is achieved on these pre-coated fine powders in a commercially available spouting fluidized bed (MiniGlatt). The effect of operating conditions such as inlet air temperature, polymer concentration, polymer weight ratio, water percentage in solvent and spray rate of coating solution on the quality of film coating are investigated. Experimental results demonstrate that the quality of film coating goes down as polymer concentration in coating solution goes higher, whereas the lower inlet air temperature is found to enhance polymer film generation and coating quality. It is also observed that the higher polymer weight ratio promotes agglomeration without affecting the coating quality to a great extent. An optimum water ratio in acetone-water solvent as well as spray rate can be optimized to achieve superior coating quality with acceptable agglomeration ratio.Graphical abstractDry coating approach involving deposition of nanosize particles on the surface of group C powders is considered to reduce the interparticle force and improve the fluidization behavior of fine powders. Polymer film coating at an individual particle level is achieved on these pre-coated fine powders in a commercially available spouting fluidized bed (MiniGlatt). The effect of operating conditions such as inlet air temperature, polymer concentration, polymer weight ratio, water percentage in solvent and spray rate of coating solution on the quality of film coating are investigated. Experimental results demonstrate that the quality of film coating goes down as polymer concentration in coating solution goes higher, whereas the lower inlet air temperature is found to enhance polymer film generation and coating quality.

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Figure: SEM images of Aluminum-1 particles coated to investigate the effect of polymer concentration. (a, b) Spray rate 2.11 ml/min, polymer concentration 4%, inlet air temperature 40 °C, polymer weight ratio 4% and water in solvent 0%; (c, d) spray rate 2.11 ml/min, polymer concentration 16%, inlet air temperature 40 °C, polymer weight ratio 4% and water in solvent 0%.     

Evaluation of the morphological and release characteristics of coated fertilizer granules produced in a Wurster fluidized bed

In the present study, coated fertilizer granules were produced in a Wurster chamber of a fluidized-bed equipment for controlled-release agrochemical applications. The coating material was a commercially available latex of poly(vinylidene-chloride). The influence of the process parameters (e.g., spray rate of the polymer latex, fluidization air velocity, distance of the partition from the air inlet and perforation percentage of the plate at the air inlet) on the morphology and quality of the coating was thoroughly investigated. The surface characteristics of the coated fertilizer granules were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The release rate of the fertilizer's nutrients from the coated granules was determined by kinetic-release experiments carried out in distilled water. Depending on the selected process conditions, the coating thickness could vary from 25 to 65 μm, while the surface of the coated granules changed from completely smooth to rough and porous. It was shown that by suitable selection of the coating conditions in the Wurster process, controlled-release fertilizers exhibiting prolonged release profiles could be produced.     

Detailed analysis of air flow and spray loss in a pharmaceutical coating process

In the pharmaceutical industry, more than half of all tablets receive a film coating. A commonly used technique is drum coating, where a film solution is applied to the moving tablets by a spray nozzle. Important process parameters include the amount and temperature of drying air, as well as spray nozzle position. Among other influences, the proper adjustment of these parameters has a great impact on spray loss, defined as the fraction of spray liquid that does not form a film on the tablets. Often, the lack of scientific data hinders a process setup based on engineering principles, resulting in operational conditions based on trial‐and‐error approaches. Here, we show how a coating system can be numerically modeled by means of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) techniques. Furthermore, we present how different parameters affect the efficiency of the process, leading to a deeper understanding of the coating device. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2012     

Microencapsulation of Kaffir Lime Oil and Its Functional Properties

This paper describes the effects of spray drying temperature and wall materials on functional properties of kaffir lime oil microcapsules. The effects of spray drying were studied at inlet air temperatures at 160, 180, and 200°C. Two coating materials (konjac glucomannan and gum arabic) were employed in this study. The results indicate that kaffir lime oil had antibacterial activity against all tested pathogens and was able to inhibit Vibrio cholerae comparable to a standard antibiotic. The combination of konjac glucomannan and gum arabic (KGM+GA) can enhance the yield and retention of total oil in the microcapsules more than using konjac glucomannan alone as a wall material. Increasing inlet air temperature resulted in a decrease of antibacterial activity and amount of bioactive volatile compounds. Physical and chemical properties of the microcapsules did not differ significantly (p > 0.05) in terms of process yield, a _w , moisture content, efficiency in retention of total, surface and inner oil, water solubility index, and color except at inlet air temperature of 200°C. However, it was found that the kaffir lime oil microcapsules from KGM+GA produced at inlet temperature of 180°C had the best functional properties in terms of antibacterial activity and efficiency of retention of total encapsulated oil.     

A New Technique for Spray-Dried Encapsulation of Lycopene

A new technique for lycopene microencapsulation by spray drying using dehumidified air as the drying medium was developed and the optimum operating conditions for encapsulation efficiency were determined. A pilot-scale spray dryer was employed for the spray-drying process. The modification made to the original design consisted of connecting the dryer inlet air intake to an absorption air dryer. The dextrose equivalent (DE) of maltodextrin, ratio of core to wall material, feed temperature, inlet air temperature, drying air flow rate, and compressed air flow rate were the factors investigated with respect to encapsulation efficiency. The resulting microcapsules were evaluated in terms of moisture content, bulk density, rehydration ability, lycopene isomerization, and storage stability. The optimum operating conditions were found to be as follows: ratio of core to wall material, 1:3.3; feed temperature, 52°C; inlet air temperature, 147°C. Under these conditions, the maximum encapsulation efficiency was about 93%. The use of dehumidified air was proven to be an effective way of increasing lycopene encapsulation efficiency.     

填料加盘管型闭式冷却塔的性能试验研究

通过设计和搭建填料加盘管型闭式冷却塔对其进行了性能测试。试验结果表明,对于结构和设计参数确定的填料加盘管型闭式冷却塔,空气湿球温度和空气流量对其冷却性能的影响最为显著,冷却水流量和进口温度则有较大影响,而喷淋密度在达到最佳值后对其冷却性能的影响基本保持不变,空气干球温度只有较小影响。由于填料的加入,填料加盘管型闭式冷却塔的最佳喷淋密度相对偏小,可以在0.025～0.035kg/(m·s)之间取值。     

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY FOR HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER IN WAVY FILM ABSORPTION WITH THE PRESENCE OF NON-ABSORBABLE GASES

Experimental measurements for the heat and mass transfer in laminar wavy film absorption with the presence of non-absorbables are presented. Water vapor was absorbed into a falling film of aqueous lithium chloride solution on a vertical tube with the air present in the gas phase acting as the non-absorbable whose concentration was accurately detected by a mass spectrometer gas analyzer. Although the depressing effect of the air on the absorption rate was much more significant in the low air concentration range, the absorption reduction rate with increasing air concentration was found to be lower than that reported previously. The reduction was found to be continuous even up to 30% of air content. Besides the non-absorbables, the effects of other operational parameters such as solution flow rate, inlet solution temperature, inlet solution concentration, absorber wall temperature, absorber water vapor pressure, and effective contact length on the absorption rate were also tested. These effects were shown to follow trends similar to those predicted by a numerical solution for smooth film absorption. The heat and mass transfer coefficients were correlated by using Reynolds number, Prandtl number, Schmidt number, capillary-buoyancy coefficient and air concentration.     

钝化工艺对无氰镉-钛合金镀层性能的影响

为了获得无氰镀镉-钛合金的最佳后处理工艺,利用金相显微镜、电化学工作站和盐雾试验测试了三种钝化膜的外观及耐蚀性,并进行了比较。实验结果显示,三种钝化工艺获取的钝化膜经96 h中性盐雾试验后,均未出现白锈;电化学测试结果显示低铬钝化工艺获取的钝化膜自腐蚀电流密度最大,重铬酸钠钝化工艺获取的钝化膜自腐蚀电流密度最小。从环保和耐蚀性方面考虑,建议选用重铬酸钠+硝酸钝化工艺作为无氰镉-钛合金镀层的后处理工艺。     

Survival,oxidative stability,and surface characteristics of spray dried co-microcapsules containing omega-3 fatty acids and probiotic bacteria

The objective of the study was to determine optimum inlet and outlet air temperatures of spray process for producing co-microcapsules containing omega-3 rich tuna oil and probiotic bacteria L. casei. These co-microcapsules were produced using whey protein isolate and gum Arabic complex coacervates as shell materials. Improved bacterial viability and oxidative stability of omega-3 oil were used as two main criteria of this study. Three sets of inlet (130°C, 150°C, and 170°C) and outlet (55°C, 65°C, and 75°C) air temperatures were used in nine combinations to produce powdered co-microcapsule. The viability of L. casei, oxidative stability of omega-3 oil, surface oil, oil microencapsulation efficiency, moisture content, surface elemental composition and morphology of the powdered samples were measured. There is no statistical difference in oxidative stability at two lower inlet air temperatures (130°C and 150°C). However, there was a significant decrease in oxidative stability when higher inlet temperature (170°C) was used. The viability of L. casei decreased with the increase in the inlet and outlet air temperatures. There was no difference in the surface elemental compositions and surface morphology of powdered co-microcapsules produced under these nine inlet/outlet temperature combinations. Of the range of conditions tested the co-microcapsules produced at inlet-outlet temperature 130–65°C showed the highest bacterial viability and oxidative stability of omega-3 and having the moisture content of 4.93?±?0.05% (w/w). This research shows that powdered co-microcapsules of probiotic bacteria and omega-3 fatty acids with high survival of the former and high stability against oxidation can be produced through spray drying.     

Spray Drying Performance of a Laboratory Spray Dryer for Tomato Powder Preparation

This work investigates the performance of a spray dryer for tomato powder preparation by spray drying of tomato pulp. Samples of tomato pulp with a 14% constant total solids concentration were used, and a pilot scale spray dryer (Buchi, B-191) with cocurrent operation and a two-fluid nozzle atomizer was employed for the spray drying process. Twenty-four different experiments were conducted keeping constant the feed rate, the feed temperature, and the atomizer pressure, and varying the compressed air flow rate, the flow rate of drying rate, and the air inlet temperature. In each experiment the air outlet temperature was recorded. Data for the residue remaining in the chamber and cyclone walls was gathered and two types of efficiencies were calculated as an indication of the spray dryer performance. Analysis of experimental data yielded correlations between residue accumulation and the variable operating conditions. The same operating parameters had a great influence on the air outlet temperature whereas temperature deviations were observed comparing measured air outlet temperatures with corresponding outlet adiabatic saturation temperatures.