Modular architecture model of CSCD system

A modular architecture model of a computer-supported collaborative design (CSCD) system is proposed on the basis of the hierarchical structure characteristics of a distributed collaborative design system and advanced component object technology. The model mainly regards the module as the core organizing and managing design objects and uses the common object request broker architecture (CORBA) specifications as an interactive platform to achieve object communication. The browser/server computing model deals with the remote heterogeneous collaborative design problem. Product design strategies and mechanisms for collaborative design are separated to facilitate the application of distributed collaborative design environment for quick implementation. The open design framework for CSCD system developers can support the implementation of distributed collaborative design to improve product design speed and reduce product development time. The modular CSCD system (MCSCDS) model and its implementation are achieved in the modular CSCD, a prototype system.     

A distributed product development architecture for engineering collaborations across ubiquitous virtual enterprises

In order to use high-fidelity analysis and design tools at the design stage, designers need to communicate with domain experts and their tools, which may be geographically dispersed over heterogeneous computing platforms. However, technical difficulties and ontological issues such as distributed computing, application integration, and distributed product information sharing impede the collaborative product development. This paper presents a distributed product development architecture for engineering collaborations across ubiquitous virtual enterprises. It provides an integrated framework for product development services to effectively communicate to realize true engineering application integration. The focus of this paper is to address three key issues. One is concerned with product information sharing and synchronization across virtual enterprises. Another is concerned with federations of product development services over the collaborative process. The third is related to the engineering context management using semantic web for providing more human-oriented collaborations services. A case study for developing a mobile phone is shown to validate the implementation of the proposed approach, which gives a great deal of possibilities for supporting a rich set of product development scenarios in ubiquitous environments.     

支持概念设计的分布式协同设计环境的研究

一个复杂产品的概念设计往往需要多学科领域专家之间的协同。基于黑板模型 ,本文提出了一个分布式模块化协同设计框架结构。首先分别介绍了支持该框架结构的几个关键技术 ,即产品信息共享模型、设计问题的分布式构模方法以及基于约束的冲突检测方法。然后利用这些框架支持技术以及网络使能技术开发了一个分布式模块化协同设计环境 DCMDE,能有效地支持不同地理位置、不同学科的设计人员进行机械产品的协同概念设计。一个齿轮箱协同方案设计实例显示了系统的有效性     

A Distributive and Collaborative Concurrent Product Design System through the WWW/Internet

Concurrent engineering involves the integration of people, tools, information, and processes into a responsive and efficient system. This paper addresses a key requirement in distributed concurrent engineering, namely, the ability for geographically dispersed and disparate parties, having heterogeneous computing platforms, to exchange design and manufacturing data. The development of an effective and efficient collaborative product design support environment based on the WWW/Internet is presented. A new method that reduces the transmission time through the use of macro files is proposed to realise the real-time communication, together with a monitoring methodology for synchronising group operations, and maintaining consistency of shared CAD models in a cooperative design review (co-modifying) process. Based on the proposed methods, a software interface has been developed to extend the traditional single location CAD software system to a multi-location application for coordinated product design through the Internet. This software interface was coded in Java. The architecture is a connection-oriented client/server structure using TCP/IP protocol. Unigraphics on a UNIX Workstation and MicroStation on Windows NT have been successfully integrated. The findings of this paper allow product designers to exchange and share product data, communicate with team members, modify geometry data on particular aspects of the design, and maintain operations consistency in all the distributed cooperative sites on a wide variety of platforms.     

虚拟样机多学科协同设计与仿真平台实现技术

在分析产品协同开发平台的功能框架以及主要协同模式的基础上，深入研究了虚拟样机多学科协同设计与仿真平台的分布式计算模型，及其协同运行管理、协同产品开发资源库管理、分布数据的协同交互管理与系统实现技术。基于COM／DCOM的建模与仿真工具协同、支持仿真联邦管理的数据库设计和CORBA的应用实现技术，开发了原型系统。该系统支持Internet网络环境下各种建模与仿真工具跨平台、分布交互与异构集成，可有效支持复杂产品虚拟样机的协同开发。     

基于网格门户的产品异地协同设计平台

为支持动态联盟环境下的产品协同设计过程,提出了基于网格门户的产品异地协同设计平台.该平台以抽象的协同设计概念模型为基础,通过开放式网格服务框架,实现联盟实体应用软件集成与设计资源共享.利用基于任务分解结构与最小成本值的调度策略,进行平台项目任务调度;采用可扩展标记语言与轻量级目录访问协议相结合的方法,实现网格资源的描述与发现;以产品开发与管理过程为导向,展示平台对横向与纵向协同设计模式的支持.最后,研究了平台开发的关键技术,并以某型飞机设计项目为例,验证了平台的功能性.     

网络化制造平台的参数化协同设计系统研究

在ASP网络化制造平台上开发出参数化协同设计系统。基于系统,设计人员可异地同步或异步完成产品的协同设计及对产品的快速参数化设计,从而快速响应变化市场需求,实现企业产品开发中的协同设计,缩短开发时间;同时减少产品快速开发中的大量重复性工作,提高开发效率,降低成本。分析了系统总体结构,对实现系统的CAD软件参数化驱动二次开发、数据信息传递、数据库的组织与通信等关键技术进行了阐述,对产品开发设计流程进行了说明;以冲压模参数化设计为例,通过不同用户基于网络实现了产品协同设计过程中对零部件的高效快速设计与装配修改以及对网络信息资源的共享、产品的可视化服务。     

基于网络白板的概念设计系统研究

建立了一个基于网络白板的概念设计系统。该系统结合集中式和分布式的特点，采用B／S框架结构，为不同地理位置、不同学科的设计人员提供一个实时协同工作环境，以便共同完成概念设计阶段的活动和任务，能获取、共享及重用概念设计数据，有助于设计人员在设计早期进行创新思维。     

协同产品开发平台的研究与实现

协同产品开发平台作为中小企业提供异地设计与制造和资源共享支撑平台，是北京市网络化制造工程的重要组成部分。本文研究了协同产品开发平台框架及关键技术。平台实现了分布式资源共享方式，基于CORBA，Web和Agent封装已有系统，支持用户通过Web浏览器获取CORBA服务。协同产品开发平台包括分布式资源共享和基于ASP的资源共享两种方式。在北京市网络化制造工程中实现了协同产品开发平台原型系统。     

网络化产品协同设计支持系统的设计与实现

针对网络化产品协同设计的特点和多种应用需求，提出了多模式协同设计的思想，定义了几种典型的协同设计模式。基于XML和VRML技术，建立了支持网络化协同设计信息集成、过程集成和知识集成的集成模型。设计并实现了一个通用型网络化协同设计支持系统，给出了系统体系结构和实现途径，并以微小卫星研制为背景进行了应用验证。该系统具有柔性和开放性，可扩充，易裁剪，可支持多种协同设计模式，便于构成多种应用系统或与其他系统集成。     

网格环境下复杂产品概念设计技术研究

在研究分布式协同产品概念设计系统的基础上,将网格技术、代理和可扩展标记语言技术相融合,以解决分布式环境下多领域设计的协作、模型数据的集成和共享等问题,提高了产品概念设计系统的鲁棒性和问题求解的有效性。从复杂产品概念设计的过程,分析了系统的需求,建立了基于网格服务的复杂产品概念设计系统,阐明了系统的组织结构、通信方式、工作原理和工作流程,给出了产品概念设计支撑平台中涉及的机械、电子、控制和软件等领域的智能代理的统一描述,构建了一个支持分布、异构的多领域协同工作的产品概念设计支撑平台,展望了概念设计技术在仿真系统中的进一步应用。     

基于数字孪生的制造资源动态优选决策

针对面向服务的智能制造环境下决策数据的准确性和实时性不足,以及协同和动态决策机制欠缺等问题,提出一种基于数字孪生的制造资源动态优选决策方法。设计了基于数字孪生的制造资源动态优选决策架构,并提出设备数字孪生(云/边数字孪生)和产品数字孪生,为决策者提供准确、实时的评价数据;构建基于实时Multi-Agent的资源优选决策多方协同机制,采用层次赋时有色Petri网仿真分析复杂制造任务中的瓶颈设备资源;采用序关系分析法计算评价指标权重,引入参考理想法对候选制造资源进行综合评估。将该方法应用于某航空发动机叶片制造企业设备资源优选中,验证了所提方法的可行性和有效性。     

分布式CAD-Grid集成系统平台的设计与实现

从系统实施模式、体系结构和功能模块等方面讨论了构建分布式同步协同CAD-Grid系统的基本理论和方法，展现了一个新的基于网格技术的分布式协同CAD系统环境。利用软件代理实现网格计算中间件，解决了异构计算平台下多种并行编程环境的协同计算问题，为用户提供统一的服务接口。实例表明，该系统具有完全的跨平台性、可扩展性和开放性，足以支持人机环境下协同动态工作和资源共享。     

XML在机床产品协同设计支持环境中的应用

如何在网络环境下实现协同设计支撑环境中的产品信息交流是实现机床产品异地协同设计和制造中迫切需要解决的问题，首先研究了机床产品对协同设计支持环境的新要求，然后提出了机床产品协同设计支持环境的体系结构，并利用XML标准作为信息交换的载体，实现了机床产品协同设计中的信息集成，最后以协同设计中的设计模块和评价决策模块间的信息交换为例，阐述了XML在协同设计中的应用机制。     

机械设计的分布式构模方法

提出了一个设计问题的分布式构模方法 ,该方法将一个设计问题分解成一系列学科子问题 ,不同领域的专家分别构建各自领域的设计问题模型 ,这些分布式模型通过网络连接可以形成一个集成的协同设计系统。介绍了设计模型的定义、设计模型之间产品信息的交互以及设计模型在网上的实现。最后给出了一个齿轮箱设计问题分布式构模实例 ,显示了分布式构模方法不仅可以实现各领域专家的知识和经验的共享 ,同时可以使一个复杂的设计问题通过分布式模块协同完成。     

Web环境下的协同装配规划系统

异地开发产品要求装配设计成员间进行协同工作。为支持分布式的装配规划活动,提出了协同装配规划网络环境的体系结构,研究了用户界面、通讯管理、应用服务和信息管理等功能模块,并结合虚拟现实建模语言表达的客户端产品显示模型和服务器端装配应用模型,采用Java—EAI等技术,开发了基于Web的协同装配规划原型系统。用一个驱动装配体实例,说明异地人员间同步的协同装配规划过程,验证了协同装配规划方法的可行性和系统的有效性。     

Research on collaborative conceptual design based on distributed knowledge resource

Conceptual design is an early stage of the whole product development process, which involves the generation of solutions to satisfy the design requirements. It is a crucial issue on how to find proper principle solutions from enormous, isomeric, and even distributed knowledge resources repositories and then ally with these correlative distributed knowledge resources providers to collaborative conceptual design. Design is a task-solving process using corresponding resource, so it does not always have an agency in product design. This paper proposes a model of collaborative conceptual design based on distributed knowledge resources, which is centered on design tasks and based on dynamic knowledge alliance without agency. After a model of knowledge resource unit and a model of Web services based on knowledge resource are proposed, a virtual quantitative and qualitative knowledge resource representation based on knowledge grid is then put forward. The mixed knowledge resource repository is also proposed to support collaborative conceptual design. The strategies of knowledge register, publish, storage, reorganization, orientation, and problem solving based on mixed knowledge resource repository are then discussed in detail. The data exchange mode of principle solutions is then described. The selection strategy of dynamic knowledge alliance members is established. The framework of distributed knowledge resource is also put forward to support collaborative conceptual design. The process of collaborative conceptual design based on distributed knowledge resource is then proposed. The conceptual design of new devices for decreasing resistance of amphibious vehicles is given as an example, which demonstrates that the methodology is obviously helpful to produce valuable principle solutions with distributed knowledge for product innovation.     

Product lifecycle data sharing and visualisation: Web-based approaches

Both product design and manufacturing are intrinsically collaborative processes. From conception and design to project completion and ongoing maintenance, all points in the lifecycle of any product involve the work of fluctuating teams of designers, suppliers and customers. That is why companies are involved in the creation of a distributed design and a manufacturing environment which could provide an effective way to communicate and share information throughout the entire enterprise and the supply chain. At present, the technologies that support such a strategy are based on World Wide Web platforms and follow two different paths. The first one focuses on 2D documentation improvement and introduces 3D interactive information in order to add knowledge to drawings. The second one works directly on 3D models and tries to extend the life of 3D data moving these design information downstream through the entire product lifecycle. Unfortunately the actual lack of a unique 3D Web-based standard has stimulated the growing up of many different proprietary and open source standards and, as a consequence, a production of an incompatible information exchange over the WEB. This paper proposes a structured analysis of Web-based solutions, trying to identify the most critical aspects to promote a unique 3D digital standard model capable of sharing product and manufacturing data more effectively—regardless of geographic boundaries, data structures, processes or computing environment.     

支持虚拟产品设计的分布式协同开发环境

主要报告了在虚拟产品设计方面的研究与实践。产品设计要求与该过程相关的设计工程师协同工作。为了支持这种工作方式,建立了一个分布式协同开发环境VCDE,并提供如下工具规划与管理设计过程的过程管理者,完成设计子任务的设计者空间和能够使设计者、设计工具方便交流的智能协调机制。VCDE原型系统的开发平台为MSWindowsNT4.0并支持某型飞机涡扇发动机高压压气机的某级叶片轮盘设计过程。     

An immersive and collaborative visualization system for digital manufacturing

In this paper, an approach on immersive multiprojection visualization of manufacturing processes is proposed. It admits scenarios with dynamic components and allows virtual reality collaborative visualization among geographically distributed users through multi-CAVE devices. A set of modules for modeling, converting, visualizing, and interacting are also proposed. The method can be applied to CAD projects, models, and simulations used in industry. The ideas discussed are then validated through the study of a real case related to the shipbuilding and offshore industries.