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Xuefu Zhang Yuanming Lai Wenbing Yu Yaping Wu 《Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology incorporating Trenchless Technology Research》2004,19(1):45
According to the in-situ measured data of the air temperature and ground temperature inside of Feng Huoshan Tunnel on Qing-Zang railway, China, the thawed range of the permafrost surrounding the tunnel is very large, which is caused by the hydration heat of the cast-in-situ concrete lining, insulation measurement during winter construction and other artificial activities. In this paper, taking the coupled effects of moisture transfer and heat conduction into account, the finite element formulae of this problem with phase change are derived from the governing differential equations and moisture transfer equations using Galerkin's method and the software for computers is edited. Using the software, forecast analysis for the re-frozen of Feng Huoshan permafrost Tunnel is made. The analysis results indicate that the vault, left wall and right wall of Feng Huoshan Tunnel without the thermal insulation material will be refrozen on 30 September 2004, and the arch bottom will be refrozen on 30 September 2005. However, if the tunnel is fitted with the thermal insulation material whose thermal conductivity is 0.0186(W/m K), the vault of the tunnel will be refrozen on 30 September 2005, and the left wall, the right wall and the arch bottom will be refrozen on 30 September 2006. If thermal conductivity of the thermal insulation material is 0.03(W/m K), the vault of the tunnel will be refrozen on 30 September 2004, and the left wall, the right wall and the arch bottom will be refrozen on 30 September 2005. So, the thermal insulation material will prevent the thawed range of Feng Huoshan permafrost tunnel from being refrozen. The thawed range of the permafrost surrounding the cold region tunnel caused by construction must be taken into account in design and the time of the field observation should be extended, or observational results, such as their temperature and stress field, will greatly be different from results in stability. 相似文献
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新中式景观是对中国传统文化的现代性演绎,而风水文化是中国独特的传统文化。文章在前人风水文化研究的基础上,探讨了新中式景观中风水文化的多元衍化以及新中式景观中风水文化的设计演绎,从不同的角度对新中式景观中的风水文化运用进行思考。 相似文献
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总结了冯纪忠的学术人生。他早年到奥地利留学,怀着报国热忱,回国探索一条现代设计之路。他设计的方塔园是东西方融合的完美范例。在教学上,他提出了创新性的空间组合原理教学体系,还创办了中国第一个城市规划专业。他与大画家林风眠交往并相互影响,最终实现了"东西方和谐和精神融合的理想"。晚年,他提出了新的意境生成的设计理论。 相似文献
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基于在《四部丛刊》中对"风景"一词的检索工作,通过数据统计分析了"风景"在四部分类、不同体裁、各个朝代的使用特征和发展演变趋势,对该词的语义进行了初步分析。发现"风景"的使用频率与政治稳定和文化繁荣的时代背景有紧密的关系,随时间发展其使用的频率增加,体裁更加广泛。"风景"最早出现在魏晋南北朝时期,来源于当时的文学作品对于景物描写的重视。最初的词义是"风光景物",其后不断发展变化。最后结合时代背景和需求,对于"风景"一词的未来含义发展进行了思考。 相似文献
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本文通过分析风水理论中对自然环境的评价原则,指出其中所包含的"主次分明"、"均衡稳定"、"宽阔大气"、"屈曲灵动"等美学思想和审美取向及其对中国古典建筑的环境景观、空间构成、建筑群体组合等的指导作用。 相似文献
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