Transfer of Ultrafine Particles and Air in Multi-storey Buildings

An emerging issue in Denmark is passive smoking in residential buildings where non-smokers are exposed to smoke from their neighbours. There are various ways that smoke is transferred from one flat to another. The air transfer rate between two flats in a multi-storey building depends on its construction, tightness and age. This paper presents results of a study on the transfer of ultrafine particles and tracer gas in an older multi-storey building in Copenhagen. The aim of the study was to quantify the transfer ofultrafine particles and gases from one flat to another fiat before and after sealing the floor. A new floor-sealing method was applied to seal the floor between the two flats. The sealing method was developed by a firm specialising in sealing. Indoor ultrafine particle concentrations and tracer gas were measured continuously in the two fiats during the measuring periods. In the unoccupied fiat, the gas source was N20 and the particle source was burning cigarettes. Reduction of the concentration of ultrafine particles and tracer gas by sealing the floor with polyethylene and joint filler made of bitumen was studied. It was evaluated how the sealing performed with regard to decreasing the amount of ultrafine particles and a tracer gas transferred between two fiats separated by a floor. When the floor between the flats was not sealed, the results showed that about 4% of the ultraflne particles and 14% of the tracer gas were transferred. After sealing, the amount transferred was reduced to 1.6% and 5%, respectively.     

兔子医生接到一个电话

<正>Doctor Rabbit lived in the very biggest tree in the Big Green Woods. He looked after all the other rabbits when they were ill and he doctored quite a number of the other little creatures of the Big Woods too, when they did not feel well. He was so jolly and cheerful, always trying so hard to help others, that he had a great many friends.兔子医生住在绿色大森林里最大的那颗树上。当其它兔子生病时,它照看它们;     

Experimental study on mechanical property of stiffening-ribbed-hollow-pipe cast-in place reinforced concrete girderless floor

Stiffening-ribbed-hollow-pipe cast-in place reinforced concrete girderless floor is a new-style hollow girderless floor system. Model experimental researches of simply-supported floor and four-corners bearing floor have been done on this new kind of floor system in this paper. The experiment results show that the floor system has good mechanical property such as high bearing capacity, big rigidity and good tensility. A theoretical method is presented in this paper that the stiffening-ribbed-hollow-pipe girderless floor can be analyzed by being converted equivalently to orthotropic solid slab. It is indicated that the method is correct and reasonable according to the contrast between theoretical calculated results and experimental measured results. The theoretical results coincide with the measured results well.     

Unanticipated Bond Failure over Supporting Band Beams in Grouted Post-Tensioned Slab Tendons with Little or No Initial Prestress

After grouting the ducts in a large band beam and one-way slab post-tensioned floor system in a large shopping mall （in excess of 1.5 km2 in plan）, doubts arose concerning the level of initial prestress and the strength and serviceability of the slabs was questioned. To assess the strength of the slabs, it was assumed, as a worst case scenario, that some spans may have been constructed with zero initial prestress. Load tests on prototype specimens, with similar dimensions and reinforcement quantities as the floor slabs, were performed to assess the stress development in initially unstressed, but fully grouted, tendons. Unexpected bond failures occurred at the junctions of slab and band beam where the abrupt change in section depth caused a sudden change in tendon stress. The maximum stress that was developed in the initially unstressed tendons at these locations was about 60% of the strength of the tendons.     

Roccatelier Associati，意大利

<正>Design Concept:Dwelling in the Coutryard The plan is characterised by the development of a modularsteel structural system which minimises construction time and promotes op- erational safety.This system permits the initial mounting of the structures. columns and floor panels on the ground and the erection of the structure in its final position at a later time using a crane.Bold use of colour gives the design an immediate aesthetic appeal.设计理念:住在乡间该计划的特点是通过开发一种组合式钢结构体系,减少施工工期并加强施工安全。这一系统允许在地面上组装结构、柱和地板,最后用起重机将整个结构吊装到位。醒目的颜色使得这个建筑极具吸引力,见图1。     

Roccatelier Associati,意大利

Design Concept: Dwelling in the Coutryard The plan is characterised by the development of a modularsteel structural system which minimises construction time and promotes operational safety. This system permits the initial mounting of the structures,columns and floor panels on the ground and the erection of the structure in its final position at a later time using a crane. Bold use of colour gives the design an immediate aesthetic appeal.     

Jokes and Humor集锦

<正>They Are Directly from America Mrs.Smith lived in London.One day she received some American dollars from her daughter who was working in New York.She went to a jewelry shop for a pair of earrings.At the counter,the salesman checked each note carefully to see if the money was real.It made the old woman impatient.At last she couldn’t wait anymore,uttering,"Trust me,sir,and trust the American dollars.They are directly from America."直接从美国来的史密斯太太住在伦敦。一天她收到在美国     

乌鸦和孔雀

<正>A crow lived in the forest and was absolutely satisfied with his life.But one day he saw a swan2."This swan is so white,"he thought,"and I am so black.This swan must be the happiest bird in the world."一只乌鸦住在森林里,对生活相当满意。但是有一天,他看到了一只天鹅。"天鹅真洁白。"乌鸦想,"我却是一身黑。天鹅肯定是世界上最快乐的鸟儿。"He told his thoughts to the swan."Actually,"the swan replied,"I was feeling that I was the     

一小碗白米饭

<正>This is the story of a miser1who lived in a large mansion2. One day, something changed his life forever.这是一个关于生活在一座豪宅里的守财奴的故事。有一天,发生了一件永远改变他生活的事。The miser lived alone in an old house, except for a few servants and a dog without name.     

Residents＇ Satisfaction with the Public Housing Unit Features and Its Implications in China

This paper studied the residents＇ level of satisfaction in public housing units in Shenyang of China which aimed to identify how each housing unit feature correlates with the residents＇ overall satisfaction and implication on policy and design. The discussion is based on a questionnaire survey conducted in 2011. This research concluded that more residents were satisfied with the housing unit features than those who were dissatisfied, while some remarkable differences could be observed if comparative analysis between two different public housing types in China were studied. The affordable housing residents are generally more satisfied with housing unit features than those living in low-rent housing. The most dissatisfying feature is the living room, followed by unit size and the floor plan. Additionally, the living room and the floor plans were features which were highly and positively correlated to the residents＇ overall satisfaction of housing unit features. Consequently, improving the living room size and the design of housing unit floor plans would clearly be beneficial to alleviating residents＇ dissatisfaction to the housing units.