OTN技术在城域传送网中的应用分析

随着电信行业的重组和3G牌照的发放,中国电信业已经全面进入了全业务竞争的时代。为了适应网络宽带化、IP化的发展趋势,传送网络引入了OTN技术作为应对。本文描述了现有城域光网络技术的特点和局限性,介绍了OTN技术的特点以及OTN设备的发展现状,并且探讨了OTN设备在城域光网络中的应用前景和部署策略。     

OTN技术在城域传送网中的应用分析

随着电信行业的重组和3G牌照的发放,中国电信业已经全面进入了全业务竞争的时代。为了适应网络宽带化、IP化的发展趋势,传送网络引入了OTN技术作为应对。本文描述了现有城域光网络技术的特点和局限性,介绍了OTN技术的特点以及OTN设备的发展现状,并且探讨了OTN设备在城域光网络中的应用前景和部署策略。     

OTN技术在城域光网络中的应用分析

从城域光网络的概念、业务类型入手,对城域光网络现有技术做了简介,阐述了城域光网络现有技术的不足,并对光传送网（OTN）技术的特点及其在城域光网络中的应用做了一定分析。     

OTN技术与组网应用

首先介绍了OTN（optical transport network,光传送网）的概念,OTN主要技术中的数字封装技术与ROADM技术,以及OTN的4种典型设备类型。提出了基于OTN的智能光网络将为大颗粒宽带业务的传送提供非常理想的解决方案。随后,重点分析论述了如何依据《光传送网（OTN）网络总体技术要求》在国干/省干光传送网,以及城域/本地传送网2级网络中应用OTN进行组网,并提出了若干具有实用价值的工程建议。     

新闻月览

PMC全新城域OTN处理器助力实现城域光网络2012年5月,致力于存储网络、光网络以及移动网络半导体解决方案创新的PMC公司推出第二代HyPHY OTN处理器产品系列,助力实现城域OTN网络,并继续保持其在光传输领域的领先地位。     

OTN关键技术及应用策略探讨

OTN技术已成为目前干线及城域核心光网络的应用焦点。本文分别从OTN术语内涵、组网与传输技术、管理和智能控制技术等方面对OTN关键技术进行了分析,同时对于OTN技术的应用发展策略进行了探讨。     

PID技术的应用与实践

在三网融合的背景下,随着大颗粒业务的发展,以OTN(光传输网络)为代表的光传送网已经在城域网得到了广泛应用。PID(光子集成器件)技术的出现,进一步提高了OTN系统的集成度,简化了系统部署及运营维护工作。文章简述城域OTN运维模式面临的巨大挑战,介绍PID的特性、基于PID的数字化城域OTN架构及PID技术在上海电信城域OTN成功应用案例,展望PID技术的发展趋势。     

OTN技术在城域传送网的应用分析

文章首先通过对比分析OTN(Optical Transport Network,光传送网)与WDM、多维ROADM各自的技术特点和使用,得出现阶段OTN组网技术在城域传送网中较为可靠和有效;然后通过对业务承载和网络承载两方面的应用场景分析,较为全面地讨论了OTN技术应用在不同场景的实现方式;最后对现阶段以及未来一段时间内OTN技术的适用性进行了阐述。     

OTN在城域波分中的应用

从OTN的技术特点出发,首先分析了其技术优势,将OTN设备与传统波分设备进行了比较,并结合运营商本地网OTN系统的实际建设情况探讨了OTN技术给城域波分系统带来的突破与改变。     

OTN技术进展及组网应用策略研究

随着互联网的普及,业务种类逐渐增多,人们对网络宽带的需求也相继增大,作为城域光网络和干线网的基础,光传送网技术受到人们的广泛关注。本文主要阐述了OTN 技术的发展状况,对OTN 技术组网应用策略进行研究,以期提高人们对OTN技术的认识度,为相关的研究提供参考意见。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.     

New insert layer structure OLEDs

An insert layer structure organic electroluminescent device（OLED） based on a new luminescent material （Zn（salen）） is fabricated. The configuration of the device is ITO/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1. Effective insert electrode layers comprising LiF（1nm）/Al（5 nm） are used as a single semitransparent mirror, and bilayer cathode LiF（1 nm）/A1（100 nm） is used as a reflecting mirror. The two mirrors form a Fabry-Perot microcavity and two emissive units. The maximum brightness and luminous efficiency reach 674 cd/m^2 and 2.652 cd/A, respectively, which are 2.1 and 3.7 times higher than the conventional device, respectively. The superior brightness and luminous efficiency over conventional single-unit devices are attributed to microcavity effect.