填料塔液体分布器的设计（续三）

介绍堰槽式液体分布的结构，特性，适用范围，设计参考和设计方法，并给出了一个工业设计实例。     

填料塔流体分布器的设计（续二）

介绍孔盘式液体分布器的结构、特性、适用范围、设计参数和设计该当，并给出了一个工业设计实例。     

百叶窗气体分布器结构的设计准则

本文从散料力学的基本理论出发，分析了百叶窗型气体分布器发生漏料的两种可能性，并别对它们建立了理论描述，最终获了以了防止漏料发生的设计准则；同时以此为依据，以错流式移动床高温除尘器为设计对象，确定了其所使用的百叶窗气体分布器斜板设置的三个参数：斜板的倾角，长度和间距，其设计准则为。     

引进德国前置预混器国产化设计及使用中应注意的几个具体问题

本文根据我厂在使用中的体会,从实践的角度对德国前置预混器的设计及使用中应注意的几个问题作了扼要阐述。     

收尘排烟系统改造的设计,施工,运行及完善

介绍了收尘排烟系统改造的设计,施工,运行及完善,特别是旋涡收尘器和电收尘器的设计及完善,旋收尘器除尘效率≥６０％,电收尘器除尘效率≥９８％,出口烟气含尘量≤０．５ｇ／ｍ＾３。     

填料塔液体分布器的设计

强调在填料塔中设置液体再分布器的重要性,介绍各种类型液体再分布器和液体收集器的结构,特性,适用范围,简要说明其选用和设计要点。     

填料塔液体分布器的设计(续三) 第四讲 堰槽式液体分布器的设计

介绍堰槽式液体分布器的结构、特性、适用范围、设计参数和设计方法,并给出了一个工业设计实例。     

填料塔液体分布器的设计(续二) 第三讲 孔盘式液体分布器的设计

介绍孔盘式液体分布器的结构、特性、适用范围、设计参数和设计方法,并给出了一个工业设计实例。     

家用纯水器的研制

概述无级水电渗析器为主的家用纯水器的研制，得出了主要部件的技术参数和整机部分性能检测结果。该机具有无机和有机净水质的功能，设计新颖，脱盐率高，为家用纯水器的发展开辟了新的方向。     

填料塔液体分布器的设计(续一)──第二讲 排管式液体分布器的设计

从分布器设计的理论基础、性能准则、常规方法和计算机程序这几个方面探讨了填料塔排管式液体分布器的设计问题,并给出了一个工业设计实例。     

Ist hydrodynamische Modellierung tragfähig für die Auslegung von Schwerkraftabscheidern ohne Einbauten?

Is hydrodynamic modelling a sound approach for the design of gravity settlers without coalescing aids? Liquid/liquid dispersions occur in many chemical operations. Normally they have to be broken down again. This is accomplished by the flowing together of the droplets (coalescence) to a coherent phase. In practice simple gravity settlers without any coalescing aids are used for this purpose. In such settlers the dispersion is separated by the density difference between the phases, while a dense dispersion layer forms at the interface between the dispersion and the clear mother phase. The present paper deals with the modelling of such gravity settlers. First, the models describing the coalescence process of single drops are reviewed and analyzed. A physical notion of the coalescence process is derived thereform. Afterwards the models for the droplet coalescence in dense dispersions taken from the literature are presented and discussed. In conclusion the chances and limitations of the present settler models are indicated by quantitative comparison of selected models. A computer program specially developed for this purpose is presented.     

Drop coalescence on inclined plates in liquids

Inclined plates are often installed as mechanical separation aids in gravity settlers for the separation of liquid-liquid systems. The authors investigated the process of coalescence of single drops on trickling films flowing off inclined plates. The method of investigation was developed by Blass and Rautenberg. It ensures that, under certain conditions, only hydrodynamic parameters influence the coalescence process to any significant extent. The coalescence time of the drops characterizes the process of coalescence. Short time between 1 and 3 seconds provide favourable conditions for coalescence whereas long times, often ten times as long or even longer are unfavourable. This contribution introduces a criterion for clear demarcation between these two ranges and also a determination of separation parameters for favourable conditions for coalescence. Furthermore, the function of the plates is described, which is determined by hydrodynamic and wetting processes. The characteristic operating regions of a plate are shown in a working diagram.     

Coalescence phenomena in liquid-liquid systems

The factors affecting phase separation of liquid dispersion are discussed in order to identify the parameters controlling the coalescence processes occurring in primary and secondary dispersions. Models for the estimation of wedge length and band thickness in gravity settlers are reviewed, and the trends in future studies in the design and analysis of this type of equipment introduced. The phase separation of dispersions in packed beds is also considered, and the effects of the properties of the packing and the system on the coalescence processes occurring in the packing analysed. The importance of the system properties, packing voidage and the exit drop mechanism on the design of a packing for a phase separation operation are emphasised. Some recent results explaining the increased coalescence rate at the junction between a high energy and low energy surface are presented. In addition, some recent work in these laboratories on the separation of secondary dispersions are also presented.     

Practical Experience in Design and Operation of Liquid‐Liquid Extraction Processes

Liquid‐liquid (L/L) extraction is a standard unit operation in the phenol‐acetone process. Special applications are the extraction of phenol from process water and the removal of phenol from recycle cumene. Besides the standard equipment such as static mixers and horizontal settlers, centrifugal pumps are used for mixing and vertical settlers are operated for phase separation. This article covers some practical experience in design and operation with focus on using centrifugal pumps, maintain mass transfer in pipes and the design of vertical settlers. Gaps in knowledge about various phenomena such as the mass transfer in turbulent L/L pipe flow are pointed out.     

A simplified model to predict the total efficiency of gravity settlers and cyclones

The total efficiency of gravity settlers and cyclones is usually calculated by summing the product of the grade efficiency and the weight fraction of particles over a series of particle size intervals. The accuracy of this method strongly depends on the number of the particle size intervals and the width of the individual intervals. Moreover, the design of these devices is based on specifying a required efficiency for a given size of particles. However, since these collectors are usually used for precleaning the dust-laden gas so as to reduce the dust loading before the gas enters a subsequent high-efficiency collector, one needs to know what total efficiency must be achieved. Therefore, the present paper uses a simplified model to predict the total efficiency of these devices based on the assumption of a normal size distribution. It is further shown that the equations developed assuming a normal size distribution can be extended for other particle size distributions.     

Choice of model for predicting the dispersion height in liquid/liquid gravity settlers from batch settling data

The design of liquid/liquid gravity settlers has attracted increasing interest in recent years due to the industrial importance of solvent extraction. Batch settling tests are easier to perform than continuous pilot plant runs, but require sophisticated interpretation if the behaviour of a steady-state dispersion is to be predicted. Both batch and continuous dispersions contain sedimentation and dense-packed zones in which the drops grow in size through binary coalescence and finally disappear when they coalesce with their bulk homophase. The rate of droplet sedimentation is a function of the drop size and dispersed phase hold-up, whereas the interfacial coalescence rate is dependent on the height of the dense-packed zone and the drop size at the coalescing interface. At the steady state the dense-packed height may shrink to zero if the interfacial coalescence is virtually instantaneous. On the other hand, the whole of the dispersion may be dense-packed if the conditions in the feed stream lead to a volume rate of sedimentation which is higher than the dispersed phase throughput. Similar extreme behaviour also occurs in batch dispersions under corresponding conditions. The variations in height of the sedimentation and dense-packed zones, and hence the total dispersion height with the throughput in a continuous settler, can thus be predicted using parameters determined from experimental batch sedimentation and coalescence data. A procedure based on the shape of the batch decay curves, hold-up and volume rates of sedimentation and interfacial coalescence is proposed for selecting the appropriate model which is verified with available experimental data.     

Pilot-plant fractionation of cottonseed. III. Process development of differential settling

Chemical engineering data are presented to show the pilotplant process development of cottonseed fractionation employing the differential settling principle. The purpose of the process is to produce a cottonseed meal fraction essentially free of pigment glands and hulls, and a second fraction in which the pigment glands are concentrated sufficiently to serve as a raw material if pharmaceutical or other industrial use is developed for the glands or the pigments. The non-lipids fraction will make available a meal of high nutritive value and a source of industrial protein. Unit operations involved, including machinery and other equipment required, and proposed flow diagrams for commercial application are discussed. In brief the unit operations are as follows: material preparation; disintegration for proper size reduction of cottonseed flakes (either defatted or undefatted) in solvent slurries; separation by tank differential settling or by centrifugal differential settling at 62 times gravity; meal recovery to recover separated fractions by either centrifuging at 1450 times gravity or by pressure filtration; desolventization of solvent-damp meal; and oil and solvent recovery. Report of a study made under the Research and Marketing Act of 1946. Presented at the apring meeting of the American Oil Chemists' Society, held in New Orleans, La., May 1949. One of the laboratories of the Bureau of Agricultural and Industrial Chemistry, Agricultural Research administration, U. S. Department of Agriculture.     

新型液-液分离设备——斜板沉降器

介绍了斜板沉降器的结构和操作特性，并对液滴在斜板层膜上的聚结过程以及影响液滴聚结的因素进行了分析；提出了液滴在斜板上有效聚结作为斜板沉降器的设计依据，最后对斜板沉降器的进一步研究重点提出了建议。     

Probleme und Erfahrungen bei großtechnischen Packungskolonnen

Problems and experience with industrial scale packed columns. Apart from column plates, random and structured packings are being used increasingly as internal components of distillation columns. The advantage of structured packings lies in an enhanced specific separation performance at significantly lower pressure drops than in the case of classical plate columns. In contrast to column plates, there is no defined liquid pathway in random and structured packings; in particular, the dependence upon the initial distribution in columns of large diameter proves to be problematical. Recent theoretical model calculations and laboratory scale studies have shown that the liquid distribution in structured packings is of paramount importance, above all in columns having diameters in excess of 1 m. The present article reports problems and experience gained with industrial scale distillation columns by considering four examples. In addition, the authors also provide an in-depth account of the factors and problems relating to the assessment of separation performance of industrial columns.     

细粉料重力式均化料仓的研究与应用

重力式均化料仓已广泛应用于石化行业的大颗粒塑料粒子的掺混,应用于细粉料的均化则很少.根据细粉料流动特点,结合试验台测试,研究了重力式均化料仓内细粉料的流动形态,均化管的开孔形状、大小、规律,以及防粉料架桥的措施与构件等.该试验研究结果用于指导电解二氧化锰粉料工业生产的均化料仓设计,取得了很好的效果.