基于频繁2项集支持矩阵的Apriori改进算法

捕要：Apriori算法在关联规则挖掘过程中需要多次扫描事务数据库,产生大量候选项目集,导致计算量过大。为解决该问题,提出一种基于频繁2项集支持矩阵的Apriori改进算法,通过分析频繁k＋1项集的生成机制,将支持矩阵与频繁2项集矩阵相结合实现快速剪枝,并大幅减少频繁k项集验证的计算量。实验结果表明,与Apriori算法和ABTM算法相比,改进算法明显提高了频繁项集的挖掘效率。     

一种改进的Apriori算法

关联规则挖掘是数据挖掘研究领域中的一个重要任务,旨在挖掘事务数据库中有趣的关联。Apriori算法是关联规则挖掘中的经典算法。然而Apriori算法存在着产生候选项目集效率低和频繁扫描数据等缺点。提出了一种新的Apriori的改进算法,该算法在生成k(k>1)项频繁集时,不需要重新扫描数据库,只是在生成1项频集时,才需要扫描事务数据库,有效地减少了对事务数据库的读操作,在时间复杂度上较经典的Apriori算法有更加优越的性能。     

改进的频繁项集挖掘算法研究

通过对关联规则挖掘技术及经典算法Apriori和FP-growth的研究和分析,提出了一种改进的频繁项集挖掘算法。该算法利用矩阵存储数据,并结合矩阵运算求项集的支持数,有效减少了事务数据库的扫描次数;利用有序频繁项目邻接矩阵创建频繁模式树,有效减少了频繁模式树的分支和层数。通过实例分析了频繁项集的挖掘过程。     

一种基于线性链表的关联规则挖掘算法

关联规则挖掘是数据挖掘的一个重要研究方向,其算法主要有Apriori算法和FP—growth算法,它们需要多次扫描事务数据库,严重影响算法的效率。为了减少扫描事务数据库的次数,本文提出一种基于线性链表（LinearLinker）的LL算法,它只需扫描事务数据库一次,把事务数据库转换为线性链表LL,进而对LL进行关联规则挖掘。实验表明,LL算法的时间开销明显优于Apriori算法和FP—growth算法,且LL算法通过定义备用候选频繁项目集,有效地支持了关联规则的更新挖掘。     

关联规则挖掘的两种改进算法

针对Apriori算法的主要问题,提出了关联规则挖掘的两种改进算法：高维分解法通过遍历事务数据库形成高维频繁项目集和关联规则,然后直接分解高维关联规则得到低维关联规则;前缀广义链表法先通过对事务数据库的遍历形成前缀链表,然后再次扫描事务数据库,遍历其前缀链表,根据判断每个事务是否与其中的一条路径完全或部分重合而找到关联规则。这两种算法均能极大地减少事务数据库的遍历和大规模候选序列集的产生,提高挖掘算法的效率,使得关联规则的产生简单化。     

应用于入侵检测系统的报警关联的改进Apriori算法

在众多的关联规则挖掘算法中,Apriori算法是最为经典的一个,但Apriori算法有以下缺陷：需要扫描多次数据库、生成大量候选集以及迭代求解频繁项集。提出了一种一步交集操作得到最大频繁项目集的方法。支持度由交集的次数得到而无需再去扫描事务数据库,将其中一些属性进行编号能减少存储空间且方便搜索候选集列表,从而提高算法的效率。最后针对入侵检测系统形成关联规则。实验结果表明,优化后的算法能有效地提高关联规则挖掘的效率。     

采用布尔映射矩阵的Apriori算法改进研究

针对Apriori算法在数据挖掘过程中需要产生大量的候选集及重复扫描事务数据库等不足,本文基于事务数据库的布尔映射矩阵,提出一种仅需一次扫描数据库的方法。该方法不需要产生候选项集,通过矩阵行交、列交运算及相似度矩阵行交运算,按照项目维度由大到小的反向迭代方法即可发现频繁项集的布尔映射矩阵改进算法(BMM_IA)。研究与实验表明,改进算法节省内存开销、运算速度快,为关联规则挖掘研究与应用提供了新路径。     

关联规则挖掘Apriori算法的研究与改进

关联规则挖掘是数据挖掘研究领域中的一个重要任务,旨在挖掘事务数据库中有趣的关联.Apriori算法是关联规则挖掘中的经典算法.然而Apriori算法存在着产生候选项目集效率低和频繁扫描数据等缺点.对Apriori算法的原理及效率进行分析,指出了一些不足,并且提出了改进的Apriori_LB算法.该算法基于新的数据结构,改进了产生候选项集的连接方法.在详细阐述了Apriori_LB算法后,对Apriori算法和Apriori_LB算法进行了分析和比较,实验结果表明改进的Apriori_LB算法优于Apriori算法,特别是对最小支持度较小或者项数较少的事务数据库进行挖掘时,效果更加显著.     

基于Apriori算法的改进算法

关联规则挖掘是数据挖掘研究的一项重要内容.为了快速挖掘关联规则,分析了挖掘关联规则的Apriori算法,并在此基础上给出了一种改进的算法:NApriori算法,利用频繁1项集重新组织事务数据库来挖掘关联规则,此方法仅需扫描数据库2次,且避免了Apriori算法繁琐的连接和删除步骤,实验结果表明此方法比Apriori算法有更好的性能.     

基于粗糙集和单事务项组合的关联规则挖掘算法

Apriori算法必须反复地扫描数据库才能求出频繁项集,效率较低,且不支持更新挖掘。为了解决这些问题,提出了一种基于粗糙集、单事务项组合和集合运算的关联规则挖掘算法。本算法首先利用粗糙集进行属性约简,对新决策表中的每个事务进行“数据项”组合并标记地址,然后利用集合运算的方法计算支持度和置信度即可挖掘出有效规则。本算法只需要一次扫描数据库,同时有效地支持了关联规则的更新挖掘。应用实例和实验结果表明,本算法明显优于Apriori算法,是一种有效且快速的关联规则挖掘算法。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。