乙烯基笼型倍半硅氧烷/聚丙烯纳米复合材料热降解动力学

用热重分析(TGA)法研究了乙烯基笼型倍半硅氧烷(V-POSS)/聚丙烯纳米复合材料的热降解动力学.采用Kim-Park,Flynn-Wall-Ozswa和Friedman三种方法计算了共混物的降解反应活化能,结果说明,当V-POSS加入质量分数分别为4%、8%、12%和16%、升温速率为5℃/min时材料热降解起始温...     

有机钼作为润滑油添加剂的研究发展现状

有机钼是一种具有优良减摩抗磨效果的润滑油添加剂。随着人们对油品质量要求的提高以及新的润滑油质量标准的提出,有机钼添加剂也在不断地朝低磷硫、无污染的方向发展。综述了有机钼添加剂的研究发展现状,对有机钼润滑添加剂根据是否含有硫、磷元素进行了分类介绍。根据种类的不同阐述了有机钼的润滑机理,并总结了影响不同种类有机钼摩擦学性能的影响因素和复配的研究情况,最后提出了有机钼研究中仍存在的一些问题。     

Long Jumps of an Organic Molecule Induced by Atomic Force Microscopy Manipulation

Non‐contact atomic force microscopy at cryogenic temperatures is used for the controlled lateral manipulation of individual 3,4,9,10‐perylene‐tetracarboxylicacid‐dianhydride (PTCDA) molecules on the Ag(111) surface. The molecules are moved along the [‐110] direction of the Ag lattice in the regime of repulsive tip‐molecule forces performing discrete jumps that span distances from single to multiple lattice spacings. The analysis of the two‐dimensional force field measured before and during the manipulation reveals that the displacement beyond nearest neighbor sites cannot be explained by long range tip‐molecule forces but instead has to involve an energy transfer to translational modes of the molecule. Combined with the results of the simultaneous measurement of the energy dissipation, these findings allow to identify a likely manipulation mechanism and provide insight into the process of energy transfer between excited large molecules and metal surfaces. Furthermore, implications for the theoretical treatment of NC‐AFM based molecule manipulation are discussed.     

聚丙烯微孔膜表面的臭氧处理接枝改性

采用臭氧处理聚丙烯微孔膜,在其表面引入过氧化物,然后通过过氧化物的分解引发丙烯酸单体在微孔膜表面接枝。研究了臭氧处理条件、接枝反应条件对聚丙烯微孔膜的接枝率、亲水性及溶胀性的影响。研究结果表明,丙烯酸接枝微孔膜与水的接触角随接枝率的增加而逐渐下降,吸水率随接枝率的增加而呈线性增加趋势,表现出良好的亲水性与溶胀性。     

振动剪切诱导茂金属全同立构聚丙烯生长γ晶

采用普通注射成型(CIM)和振动保压注射成型(OPIM)两种方法制备茂金属全同立构聚丙烯(m-iPP)试样。利用二维广角X射线衍射(2D-WAXD)和差示扫描量热法(DSC)分别表征试样从表层到芯层的晶体结构和热行为。结果表明:(1)γ晶的相对含量是温度场控制和剪切场诱导共同作用的结果。慢的冷却速率有利于γ晶形成,剪切取向一定程度抑制分子链的折叠有利于γ晶形成;(2)DSC与2D-WAXD的试验结果有很好的一致性。     

Overcoming Moisture-Induced Degradation in Organic Solar Cells

Unencapsulated organic solar cells are prone to severe performance losses in the presence of moisture. Accelerated damp heat (85 °C/85% RH) studies are presented and it is shown that the hygroscopic hole-transporting PEDOT:PSS layer is the origin of device failure in the case of prototypical inverted solar cells. Complementary measurements unveil that under these conditions a decreased PEDOT:PSS work function along with areas of reduced electrical contact between active layer and hole-transport layer are the main factors for device degradation rather than a chemical reaction of water with the active layer. Replacements for PEDOT:PSS are explored and it is found that tungsten oxide (WO₃) or phosphomolybdic acid (PMA)—materials that can be processed from benign solvents at room temperature—yields comparable performance as PEDOT:PSS and enhances the resilience of solar cells under damp heat. The stability trend follows the order PEDOT:PSS << WO₃ < PMA, with PEDOT:PSS-based devices failing after few minutes, while PMA-based devices remain nearly pristine over several hours. PMA is thus proposed as a robust, solution-processable hole extraction layer that can act as a one to one replacement of PEDOT:PSS to achieve organic solar cells with significantly improved longevity.     

纳米OMMT粒子填充PP/ABS二元体系的力学性能和结晶行为

研究了有机改性蒙脱土(OMMT)填充不同组分PP/ABS二元体系的力学性能和结晶行为.结果表明:相容剂PP-g-MAH一方面提高基体PP与ABS的相容性,另一方面促进OMMT粒子在连续相PP和分散相ABS中的分散;层状硅酸盐纳米粒子OMMT和ABS可同时大幅度提高PP的韧性、强度和模量,当PP/ABS/OMMT为85/15/2时,二者明显表现出协同效应,同时增韧增强.纳米OMMT粒子可以提高PP的结晶度和结晶速率.     

燃气涡轮叶片的服役损伤与修复

涡轮叶片是燃气轮机最重要的热端部件之一。它长期在不均匀的温度场、应力场以及燃气腐蚀和高温氧化的环境下工作,面临着蠕变、低周疲劳和高温腐蚀等多种失效威胁。系统地研究涡轮叶片在服役过程中的组织损伤与性能退化规律是揭示其失效机理、探索适宜的恢复热处理工艺以延长涡轮叶片使用寿命的必然途径。对目前已有的涡轮叶片服役损伤研究进行了总结,同时结合本课题组对不同类型的涡轮叶片长期服役后（空中飞行时间：1 200 h~20 000 h）组织和性能损伤评估的研究结果,对存在的各种服役组织损伤形式进行了归类和介绍,主要包括涂层的退化、拓扑密排相（TCP）的析出、二次反应区（SRZ）的形成,γ′相的粗化与筏排化,碳化物的分解与析出,蠕变孔洞与裂纹的形成等。此外,还总结了前人研究的服役涡轮叶片性能退化规律以及恢复热处理工艺。热端部件服役损伤的研究对燃气轮机关键部件的寿命管理和安全服役具有重要的指导意义和经济意义。     

超声挤出制备聚丙烯/纳米碳酸钙复合材料及其结晶和分散形态

采用超声挤出制备了聚丙烯/纳米碳酸钙(PPCA s)复合材料,考察了加入纳米碳酸钙前后的结构演变和结晶行为的变化。结果表明,超声辐照能促进n-C aCO3粒子在聚合物基体中的分散,使其分散尺寸减小,分布更均匀。由于纳米粒子的成核效应,PPAC s的结晶温度和结晶度都有所提高,施加超声使结晶温度又有所提高,使结晶度相对于未施加超声辐照的纳米复合材料的低。     

TiO2光催化降解有机污染物机理和影响因素

半导体TiO2光催化降解有机污染物是目前涉及物理化学、材料科学和环境科学等学科领域的研究热点.介绍了TiO2光催化分解有机污染物的机理;着重探讨了光催化反应有机物、反应条件和TiO2光催化剂等三大因素对光催化反应过程和效率的影响.最后提出了在实际应用中提高光催化降解效率需要解决的问题和发展方向.     

New Insight on Graphite Anode Degradation Induced by Li-Plating

Graphite is the dominant anode material for lithium-ion batteries; however, it still suffers from Li-plating when charging fast or at low temperature, and Liplating is associated with performance fading and safety concerns. Herein, we clarify the mechanism of lithium evolution from graphite particles by overlithiation cycle test, in-situ XRD, and titration gas chromatography. We observe that the graphite intercalation compounds(GICs, LiC₁₂ and LiC₆ e.g.) gradually become in...     

Organic superconductors with an incommensurate anion structure

Abstract

Superconducting incommensurate organic composite crystals based on the methylenedithio-tetraselenafulvalene (MDT-TSF) series donors, where the energy band filling deviates from the usual 3/4-filled, are reviewed. The incommensurate anion potential reconstructs the Fermi surface for both (MDT-TSF)(AuI₂)_0.436 and (MDT-ST)(I₃)_0.417 neither by the fundamental anion periodicity q nor by 2q, but by 3q, where MDT-ST is 5H-2-(1,3-dithiol-2-ylidene)-1,3-diselena-4,6-dithiapentalene, and q is the reciprocal lattice vector of the anion lattice. The selection rule of the reconstructing vectors is associated with the magnitude of the incommensurate potential. The considerably large interlayer transfer integral and three-dimensional superconducting properties are due to the direct donor–donor interactions coming from the characteristic corrugated conducting sheet structure. The materials with high superconducting transition temperature, T_c, have large ratios of the observed cyclotron masses to the bare ones, which indicates that the strength of the many-body effect is the major determinant of T_c. (MDT-TS)(AuI₂)_0.441 shows a metal–insulator transition at T_MI=50 K, where MDT-TS is 5H-2-(1,3-diselenol-2-ylidene)-1,3,4,6-tetrathiapentalene, and the insulating phase is an antiferromagnet with a high Néel temperature (T_N=50 K) and a high spin–flop field (B_sf=6.9 T). There is a possibility that this material is an incommensurate Mott insulator. Hydrostatic pressure suppresses the insulating state and induces superconductivity at T_c=3.2 K above 1.05 GPa, where T_c rises to the maximum, T_c^max=4.9 K at 1.27 GPa. This compound shows a usual temperature–pressure phase diagram, in which the superconducting phase borders on the antiferromagnetic insulating phase, despite the unusual band filling.     

Sulfite Induced Anaerobic Degradation of Epinephrine in Lidocaine Hydrochloride Injection

The sulfite induced anaerobic degradation of epinephrine in lidocaine hydrochloride injection, U.S.P. was studied, at pH 4.0 and 4.4. The epinephrine concentration was 0.001 per cent. The activation energy parameters were evaluated from arrhenius type plots. DLH was found to be 23.6 and 23.9 kcal mole^-1 for pH 4.0 and 4.4 respectively and compared favourably with literature value. Based on these results, shelf life was predicted and changes in U.S.P. monograph are suggested.

The anaerobic degradation of epinephrine in aqueous solution over the 3.63-5.00 pH range was reported earlier (1) as a preliminary to stability studies on products containing epinephrine. The degradation of epinephrine was induced by sodium metabisulfite.

The purpose of this investigation was to study the sulfite induced anaerobic degradation of epinephrine in Lidocsine Hydrochloride Injection, U.S.P.     

Molecular Engineering of an Organic NIR‐II Fluorophore with Aggregation‐Induced Emission Characteristics for In Vivo Imaging

Design and synthesis of new fluorophores with emission in the second near‐infrared window (NIR‐II, 1000–1700 nm) have fueled the advancement of in vivo fluorescence imaging. Organic NIR‐II probes particularly attract tremendous attention due to excellent stability and biocompatibility, which facilitate clinical translation. However, reported organic NIR‐II fluorescent agents often suffer from low quantum yield and complicated design. In this study, the acceptor unit of a known NIR‐I aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) luminogen (AIEgen) is molecularly engineered by varying a single atom from sulfur to selenium, leading to redshifted absorption and emission spectra. After formulation of the newly prepared AIEgen, the resultant AIE nanoparticles (referred as L897 NPs) have an emission tail extending to 1200 nm with a high quantum yield of 5.8%. Based on the L897 NPs, noninvasive vessel imaging and lymphatic imaging are achieved with high signal‐to‐background ratio and deep penetration. Furthermore, the L897 NPs can be used as good contrast agents for tumor imaging and image‐guided surgery due to the high tumor/normal tissue ratio, which peaks at 9.0 ± 0.6. This work suggests a simple strategy for designing and manufacturing NIR‐II AIEgens and demonstrates the potential of NIR‐II AIEgens in vessel, lymphatic, and tumor imaging.     

玻璃纤维支撑TiO_2对有机污染物的光催化降解

介绍了纳米TiO2 粉体的制备方法 ,通过对不同浓度、不同光照条件下的悬浮状和支撑状TiO2 光催化降解有机污染物 (以苯甲酰胺为例 )的试验结果分析 ,发现包覆在玻璃纤维上的TiO2 对有机污染物的光催化降解有许多优越性     

有机保温材料热解行为的研究进展

介绍了热降解机理和有机保温材料的热解行为的研究进展,着重介绍了聚苯乙烯类(EPS和XPS)、聚氨酯类(PU)和橡塑保温材料(NBR/PVC)3种有机保温材料近年来的热解研究进展,指出其重要的研究手段通常是热分析技术或热分析与其他技术联用,同时也阐述了有机保温材料热分析今后的研究发展方向。