尼日利亚某原油管道温降计算法分析

对于加热输送的原油管道温降计算方法,由于国外与国内所处的工程背景不同,所采取的计算方法会有所差异。本文对尼日利亚某原油管道设计中所采用的热油管道温降计算方法进行了分析,指出了所用方法中存在的问题。根据加热输送原油管道的实际情况,通过分析和推导,给出了合理的计算方法。     

Phenomenon driven process design methodology: Industrial case

This work reports how to use Phenomenon driven process design methodology proposed for R&D projects in chemical engineering. This is demonstrated by fitting and implementing an industrial project with the methodology. The usage of the methodology ensures performance driven strategy in project management, phenomenon driven ordering to start R&D tasks and phenomenon driven argumentation of models. Furthermore, it provides a platform for transparent knowledge integration; from management level, up to detailed models. The successful fit of the methodology encourages to use the methodology and to develop the computer tool further.     

Modeling supply chain operations as multi-level programming problems and their parametric programming based computation methodology

This paper proposes a modeling methodology for supply chain operations with a focus on the relationships of supply chain entities. Supply chain operation problems are mathematically formulated into a multilevel programming problem. A multiparametric programming-based computation methodology is proposed to compute the solution of the problems. Numerical examples are presented to illustrate the proposed modeling and computational methodology with some remarks.     

Functional unfold principal component regression methodology for analysis of industrial batch process data

This work proposes a methodology utilizing functional unfold principal component regression (FUPCR), for application to industrial batch process data as a process modeling and optimization tool. The methodology is applied to an industrial fermentation dataset, containing 30 batches of a production process operating at Novozymes A/S. Following the FUPCR methodology, the final product concentration could be predicted with an average prediction error of 7.4%. Multiple iterations of preprocessing were applied by implementing the methodology to identify the best data handling methods for the model. It is shown that application of functional data analysis and the choice of variance scaling method have the greatest impact on the prediction accuracy. Considering the vast amount of batch process data continuously generated in industry, this methodology can potentially contribute as a tool to identify desirable process operating conditions from complex industrial datasets. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 62: 1986–1994, 2016     

Predicting mechanical properties of acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene terpolymer in injection molded plaque and box

A methodology to predict mechanical properties in injection molded parts has been developed. Knowledge of part properties before actual molding and testing will be of immense help to part and mold designers in modification of design. This methodology involved the application of connectionist learning systems, injection molding computer simulation, and experimental evaluation of mechanical properties, to relate the thermomechanical history of injection molded parts to the resulting part properties of injection molded parts are dependent upon their thermomechanical history which in turn is greatly influenced by the processing conditions and part geometry. As the relationships between engineering properties and thermomechanical history are complex and highly nonlinear, the methodology developed was based on a backpropagation neural network algorithm that provided the means for a nonparametric mapping between the part properties and thermomechanical history. The proposed methodology has been successfully applied to two geometries, plaque and box. This methodology provides designers with the ability to predict mechanical properties in injection molded parts when significant thermomechanical history can be obtained from injection molding simulation.     

Integration of scheduling,design, and control of multiproduct chemical processes under uncertainty

The development of a methodology that addresses the simultaneous design, scheduling, and control of multiproduct processes is focused. The proposed methodology takes into account the influence of disturbances by the identification of their critical frequency, which is used to quantify the worst‐case variability in the controlled variables via frequency response analysis. The uncertainty in the demands of products has also been addressed by creating critical demand scenarios with different probabilities of occurrence, while the nominal stability of the system has been ensured. Two case studies have been developed as applications of the methodology. The first case study focuses on the comparison of classical semisequential approach against the simultaneous methodology developed, while the second case study demonstrates the capability of the methodology in application to a large‐scale nonlinear system. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 61: 2456–2470, 2015     

Methodological framework for choice of intensified equipment and development of innovative technologies

Process intensification is recognized as a promising strategy to satisfy the objectives of sustainable development and economic competitiveness. Unfortunately, no general methodology still enables to choose the best available technologies from the many potential solutions. This work describes a step-by-step methodology that guides engineers from a given problem to a list of existing appropriate intensified devices. The first step of the methodology consists in identifying the process limitation among a list of 16 possibilities that cover a large spectrum of cases. Then, the methodology relates, through a pre-filled connection matrix, the identified limitations to a set of intensification strategies such as geometric (micro)structuring, periodic operation or multi-scale design. The third step relates these strategies to a list of technologies that apply these strategies or in which they can be applied. The matrices enable to sort these technologies by relevance with respect to the initial problem. The final step provides quantitative charts to compare the characteristics of these potential solutions with the specifications of the problem. The methodology not only yields to a short list of appropriate solutions to be technically designed and economically assessed, but also to a list of innovation strategies.     

A new methodology combining total site analysis with exergy analysis

Total site analysis allows determining the potential heat transfer between multiple plants to obtain further energy savings to the process integration in industrial plants. Exergy analysis offers a clear understanding of the integration of thermodynamic systems in process integration. A new methodology that combines total site analysis and exergy analysis is presented. The methodology allows for simultaneous use of both thermodynamic systems and heat transfer networks. The combination of the two types of utilities allows for better exploitation of the plants’ energy profile. In addition, the methodology allows specifying the networks’ and thermodynamic systems characteristics and number. The capacities of this methodology are tested on a case study where different combinations of systems are studied to determine their behavior with variable parameters.     

Economic value and environmental impact (EVEI) analysis of biorefinery systems

The selection of product portfolios, processing routes and the combination of technologies to obtain a sustainable biorefinery design according to economic and environmental criteria represents a challenge to process engineering. The aim of this research is to generate a robust methodology that assists process engineers to conceptually optimise the environmental and economic performances of biorefinery systems. A novel economic value and environmental impact (EVEI) analysis methodology is presented in this paper. The EVEI analysis is a tool that emerges from the combination of the value analysis method for the evaluation of economic potential with environmental footprinting for impact analysis. The methodology has been effectively demonstrated by providing insights into the performance of a bioethanol plant as a case study. The systematisation of the methodology allowed its implementation and integration into a computer-aided process engineering (CAPE) tool in the spreadsheet environment.     

Machine Learning-Based Erosion Behavior of Silicon Carbide Reinforced Polymer Composites

Silicon - The machine learning methodology is gaining immense exposure as a potential methodology for solving and modelling the machining behaviour of advanced materials. The present paper deals...     

Design of batch operations: Systematic methodology for generation and analysis of sustainable alternatives

The objective of this paper is to present a new methodology that is able to generate, screen and identify sustainable alternatives to continuous chemical processes as well as processes operating in the batch mode. The methodology generates the sustainable (design) alternatives by locating the operational, environmental, economical and safety related problems inherent in the process (batch or continuous). Alternatives that are more sustainable, compared to a reference, are generated and evaluated by addressing one or more of the identified problems. A decomposition technique as well as a set of batch indicators for batch operations has been developed and added to the methodology so that a wide range of processes that operate in continuous mode, in semi-continuous and/or in batch modes can be improved. The principal calculation steps of the methodology for applications to continuous and batch processes are described, highlighting the main differences between them. Through two case studies, the application of the methodology, to obtain sustainable design alternatives for batch plants, is highlighted.     

Methodology of the assessment of the interlayer bond in concrete composites using NDT methods

The paper presents multivariate methodology of assessing the interlayer bond in concrete composites using non-destructive testing (NDT) methods. This methodology eliminates the shortcomings of the pull-off method, which is used for this purpose in practice. Methodology of searching for the delamination of layers together with methodology of assessing the value of the pull-off adhesion between layers in existing composites with a constant thickness of the overlay has been shown. Also the methodology of evaluating the pull-off adhesion value between the overlay and the existing concrete substrate in newly made or existing composites which were repaired by applying a repair overlay has been presented. It has been indicated which NDT methods and also the aid of which specific parameters can be helpful to achieve this. Furthermore, an example of practical use of one of the methodologies, which confirms its usefulness in the evaluation of the pull-off adhesion, was also provided. It should be expected that the use of the proposed methodology could contribute to a more precise assessment of the interlayer bond in concrete composites, which could be useful for the acceptance of construction works.     

一种混合型连接机制的设计——人工智能方法探讨

介绍一种新的人工智能方法——混合型连接机制。实践表明,使用这种方法建立专家系统方便、有效。     

化工设计课程教学改革与实践

针对化工设计课程政策性强、知识面广、工程实践性强和综合性强的特点,文章提出研讨式结合模拟项目设计的教学法。实践表明该教学法能够激发学习兴趣和增强学生的主观能动性,取得了良好的教学效果。同时文章也指出在实施该教学法中存在的一些问题。     

A rigorous targeting algorithm for resource allocation networks

Techniques of process integration can be applied to conserve resources such as energy, freshwater, cooling water, hydrogen, solvent, etc. Process integration methodologies are broadly classified into two categories: methodologies based on the mathematical optimization techniques and methodologies based on the conceptual approaches of pinch analysis. In this paper, a mathematically rigorous methodology is proposed to minimize the requirement of a natural resource in a chemical process industry. The proposed methodology combines the simplicity of the pinch analysis with the mathematical rigor of mathematical optimization techniques. Conservation of resource in a chemical process industry is posed as a network flow optimization problem and a simple algebraic methodology is proposed to solve the optimization problem. The proposed algebraic methodology is mathematically proved in this paper. The proposed algorithm is numerically faster than the general mathematical optimization methods used for solving optimal resource allocation problems.     

Remediation of Borosilicate Raschig Rings

Abstract

A remediation methodology for borosilicate Raschig rings contaminated with radioactivity at a Department of Energy (DOE) Nuclear Facility is demonstrated in which > 99% of the residual radioactive contamination was successfully removed with a combination of nitric acid and ultrasonic agitation. The results obtained from this methodology are directly applicable to other radioactively contaminated Raschig ring waste streams. However, the universal application of the developed methodology is limited to similar historical processing applications of the borosilicate Rasching rings.     

基于清洁发展机制的水泥工业余热发电方法学研究

通过对水泥余热发电采用的两种方法学AM0024和ACM0004的研究,对比分析基准线方法学的来源、适用条件、项目边界、基准线情景、项目排放量、基准线排放量、减排量等方面的异同点,探索水泥工业在生产余热发电项目应用不同方法学原因。研究结果对我国水泥余热发电的项目开发具有参考价值。     

Assessment on the use of biodiesel in cold weather: Pour point determination using a piezoelectric quartz crystal

In order to use biodiesel safely, as an alternative fuel for diesel engines, without fear of cold weather, the pour point of the blends needs to be estimated. This paper is aimed to propose an alternative and easy to use methodology, based on a piezoelectric quartz crystal, to determine the pour point of biodiesels and blended fuels.Impedance and phase of impedance vs. frequency of the piezoelectric quartz crystal change significantly during cooling of biodiesel and biodiesel blended fuels and allows to confirm the role of ethanol as a cold flow improver for biodiesel. Pour point is readily determined by finding the minimum series or parallel frequencies of a barred piezoelectric quartz crystal in contact with the biodiesel blended fuel along cooling. This new methodology only needs the measurement of series frequency, which can be accomplished with high precision by connecting a frequencymeter to a home made oscillator that drives the piezoelectric quartz crystal. Although inexpensive, this new methodology is no more based on visual inspection as the ASTM D97 method, and allows data to be acquired more frequently than the 3 °C intervals recommended by the time consuming standard methodology. In the new proposed methodology, data is acquired while the fuel is at the controlled temperature, which is not possible with the ASTM method, where the test jar needs to be removed from the thermostatic bath for visual inspection.Pour points of biodiesel blends with a commercial diesel fuel determined by this new methodology were compared with the ones obtained by the official ASTM methodology. For samples with pour points ranging from 2.3 °C (pure biodiesel) to −15.0 °C (pure commercial fuel diesel), median pour point values obtained for replicate measurements performed by the two methodologies were not statistically different (α = 0.05), although the results obtained by the new methodology were more precise.     

Finding appropriate colors for color displays

A new methodology and a supporting algorithm to determine high-contrast sets of colors for use on a color CRT are described. The method is unique in that the generated colors not only are highly contrasting, but are also ergonomically optimal. Using real data, the performance of the present method is compared to an extended version of the Carter and Carter algorithm. Finally, an integrated methodology is discussed. The latter methodology could simultaneously determine optimal phosphor luminances and chromaticities, as well as optimal values for the ambient chromaticity.     

Pattern recognition in chemical process flowsheets

By recognizing similarities in flowsheets, engineers can understand ways in which to improve the design and efficiency of chemical processes. However, there is no prior literature on how to compare flowsheets and mine them for common patterns. To fill this gap, we propose the first systematic methodology to mine patterns in chemical process flowsheets. The proposed methodology consists of three major steps, each of which has a polynomial time complexity. We apply our methodology to several case studies that involve comparisons of up to 18 different flowsheets. The patterns identified by our methodology are consistent with engineering practice and heuristic rules in the process synthesis literature. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 65: 592–603, 2019