天然气三联供系统为数据中心供能的优势分析

提出采用天然气三联供系统取代传统方式为数据中心供能,以北京某机房为例,设计典型应用方案及运行模式,通过比较分析得到:三联供系统供能可靠性不低于传统供能方式;每年可节约标准煤24.6%,减排CO_238.4%;初始投资明显增加,但年运行成本降至约75%,整个生命周期能源成本大大降低。天然气三联供系统为数据中心供能可行且优势明显,建议推广应用。     

天然气管网可靠性的研究现状分析

主要阐明了目前国内以及国外在天然气管网可靠性研究的状况,以及在计算研究开发气井数、采气管网结构形式、加热炉连接方式等方面的可靠性分析与计算的应用,从而实现更高的利润效益.     

上海市区域天然气分布式供能项目供电成本研究

结合目前上海市已建和拟建的部分区域式天然气分布式供能项目情况,根据其投资和运行费用,分析研究并合理界定发电工程部分的投资和运行费用,进而测算项目的供电成本,为相关政府部门确定区域天然气分布式供能项目上网电价提供参考。     

上海市天然气资源的利用

“西气东输”是我国实施西部大开发的重要举措之一。作为“西气东输”工程下游最大的用气城市,加上东海天然气,进口液化石油天然气（LPG）,东西伯利亚天然气等气源的引入,上海市能否在大量天然气输入时对其进行充分的利用,是关系到天然气能否产生最大效益的重要因素。介绍了上海市天然气资源状况,分析了上海市天然气利用的主要方向,以使这种优质资源能得到高效利用。指出在21世纪的中国,特别是上海,天然气将扮演越来越重要的角色。在天然气利用方面,除了可作为工业和民用燃料外,还要加快天然气发电,天然气汽车,天然气化工等方面的利用,努力开发天然气利用新技术,为实施可持续发展战略和能源结构调整做出贡献。     

上海市采用天然气发电的展望

进入21世纪以后,上海市作为长江流域和全国最大的贸易、金融、信息、科技、文化中心城市,到2020年将进一步建设成为太平洋西岸最大的金融、贸易中心之一。城市的现代化程度将赶上国际水平。为此,对电力的需求也将大力提高。香港1990年人口580万人,发电设备容量613.2万KW,人均1,057KW;新加坡人口270.5万人,发电设备容量320万KW,人均1.18KW。日本东京,1990午人口4066万人,发电设备容量4655力KW,人均1.14KW。上海市,1991年人口1287.2万人,发电设备容量497万KW,人均0.386KW。进入21世纪后如按人均1KW计,届时发电设备容量需1400万KW以上。有关部门曾作预测,2010年上海市最高电力负荷将达1700万KW,如果还是以燃煤为主来发电,则原煤消耗量将从1991年的1167万吨猛增到21世纪的3360～5000万吨/年。既使全部采用神木府谷东胜的低硫、低灰优质动力煤,各电厂排出的SO_2和灰渣的数量也将是惊人的。     

天然气的稳定可靠供应

天然气的稳定可靠供应是天然气市场发展的基础,也是天然气有效利用的保证.结合上海的天然气供应,从市场需求特点,多气源供应方式、合理配置管网、扩大储备、有效的调峰方式等方面分析了对确保天然气稳定可靠供应的作用.     

上海天然气发展概况

天然气作为一种清洁高效的能源,是低碳经济的重要支柱。为了保证天然气的有效利用,稳定可靠的天然气供应是前提。文章以上海的天然气供应体系为例,分析了多气源供应、LNG储备、合理的管网配置、有效的调峰方式等对确保天然气稳定可靠供应的作用。     

天然气浅冷分离装置的能平衡分析

天然气浅冷分离装置的能平衡分析大庆石油学院吴国忠大庆石油管理局张久龙１前言大庆油田在８０年代初，从意大利引进了十多套天然气浅冷分离装置，该装置可分离出天然气中除甲烷以外的烃类（轻烃）。轻烃除可做为优质燃料外，还是重要的乙烯生产原料，其经济价值高于天然...     

广东天然气市场发展现状与前景

由于具备清洁环保优势,天然气市场发展备受社会各界关注。讨论了天然气市场的消费现状,在分析广东省天然气市场规模及空间分布的基础上,重点从消费规模、客户结构及供应保障3个方面讨论了广东省天然气市场的发展前景,并对天然气市场相关的定价机制、储备调峰和管网建设等关键问题进行思考,为谋划未来天然气市场新格局提供参考。     

基于天然气管网压力能回收的联合循环构思

随着天然气大量应用及其相关技术的不断发展,天然气管网的输送压力也越来越高,蕴含巨大的压力能。本文提出一种回收天然气管网压力能的燃气蒸汽联合循环系统：高压天然气通过在膨胀机内膨胀回收一部分能量,承担部分压气机消耗功,膨胀后的低温天然气用来依次冷却压气机进气和蒸汽轮机排气,然后回收部分排烟余热。本文定性分析了该系统流程相关部分给联合循环带来的收益,显示出提高联合循环效率和能源综合利用率的潜力。     

太阳能发电系统的最佳化设计

独立光伏发电系统需要进行最佳化设计。介绍了一种简明合理而又实用的最佳化设计方法。应用目前国外常用的倾斜面上太阳辐照量的计算公式,根据不同的蓄电池维持天数,应用能量平衡原理,得到相应的太阳电池方阵最佳倾角,然后通过循环计算,得出一系列太阳电池方阵和蓄电池容量的组合,再通过经济核算等,最后确定光伏系统的规模,编制了相应的计算机程序,并进行了实例计算。     

大规模自然冰蓄冷节能的模拟计算

根据当地的气象资料,模拟计算出利用冬季的自然条件,进行大规模冰蓄冷的半球形冰堆的蓄冷效率与冰堆半径的关系的计算过程,并给出两种不同的草盖栅表面的计算结果。     

亚临界自然循环水动力特性的分析

结合国内外锅炉生产厂家的亚临界自然循环锅炉水动力计算数据和已经运行的亚临界自然循环锅炉的运行测试数据,对锅筒压力和循环回路的结构特性如水冷壁管内径、循环回路高度、下降管和引出管与上升管的截面比等对亚临界自然循环锅炉水循环特性的影响,管子内壁粗糙度、局部阻力系数、锅内旋风分离器阻力、锅筒凝汽率等参数在水循环计算时的选取,...     

A Large Potential Methane Source—Natural Gas Hydrates

Abstract

Natural gas, essentially methane, can be obtained from natural gas hydrate (NGH). NGH reserves are difficult to pinpoint in the subsurface, but large sources have been identified by seismic reflection. This is particularly so below the sea floor near continental shelf plates in the oceans deeper than 300 m as NGH is stable at 4°C and 50 bar pressure. When extracted, 1 m³ of NGH can contain 160 sm³ of gas. Currently, estimates of this gas resource are very uncertain, but recent estimates suggest perhaps 2,500 trillion sm³, but how much gas can actually be produced from these accumulations is totally unclear at present. NGH could possibly solve much of the energy needs after 2020, but safe ways of extraction still have to be designed. Possible methods include the injection of hot water or inhibitor or reduction of reservoir pressure, but none have yet been commercially tested. Great caution will be needed because catastrophic environmental damage is likely if the methane is carelessly released from the sediments. This article reviews the ‘state of the art’ of NGH.     

China’s natural gas reform: why and how

Natural gas is playing an extremely significant role in implementing green and low-carbon economy in China, while its share in energy mix only accounted for 6.4% of China’s total energy consumption in 2016. The Chinese government began to make a series of policies and measures to catalyze natural gas production and consumption for dealing with severe air pollution and optimizing energy structure. Some key issues such as highly regulated natural gas pricing system, the monopoly of natural gas pipelines, and the dominance of state-owned oil companies are substantially existing to be addressed in the forthcoming natural gas reforms. The dilemma of reforms is analyzed in this article and the related reform solutions are to be explored in the deregulation of Chinese natural gas pricing mechanism, separation of state-owned companies’ pipeline, and nondiscriminatory third-party access. The results show that Chinese natural gas reform is destined to be a long-lasting war.     

Polymeric Membranes for Natural Gas Conditioning

Abstract

All raw natural gas needs conditioning. Polymeric membrane based gas separation processes, being cost and energy effective, environmentally friendly, as well as simple and versatile, have proven their potential as better alternatives to traditional processes for natural gas over the last three decades. In this article, the polymeric membrane based separation mechanisms for natural gas are analyzed. Two major membrane-based conditioning processes, acid gas removal from natural gas, and natural gas dehydration are presented. The current status, membrane material used, technological processes, limitations, and attractive approaches to overcome these limitations of these applications are discussed.     

Downstream natural gas in Europe—High hopes dashed for upstream oil and gas companies

Access for independents to retail gas markets was a central concern in European policy reform efforts in the 1990s. Upstream oil and gas companies reacted with strategic intentions of forward integration. By late 2004, forward integration was still weak, however. An important explanation of the gap between announced strategic re-orientation and actual strategy implementation lies in the political failure of EU member states to dismantle market barriers to entry for independents. Variations between companies in downstream strategy implementation are explained by variations in business opportunities and internal company factors.     

低压煤气储气罐采用可变喉部截面引射器引射利用研究

为结合上海市重大工程项目建设,进一步改善天然气引射调峰装置性能,围绕低压煤气储气罐在天然气榆配调峰中的应用问题开展低压煤气储气罐配套可变喉部截面引射器系统用于天然气储气调峰的模拟研究,为低压煤气储气罐的改造利用提供技术支撑。