猕猴桃果浆真空冷冻干燥工艺优化研究

以猕猴桃果浆冻干过程中VC、叶绿素损失率和冻干时间为指标,对真空冷冻干燥过程进行优化,得到的最佳工艺参数为:物料解吸时的表面最高温度48℃,升华初始干燥仓压力26Pa,装料厚度7mm。最佳工艺条件下,VC、叶绿素的损失率预报值分别为6%和38%,冻干时间为18h。     

猕猴桃果浆真空泠冻干燥工艺优化研究

以猕猴桃果浆冻干过程中VC、叶绿素损失率和冻干时间为指标，对真空冷冻干燥过程进行优化，得到的最佳工艺参数为：物料解吸时的表面最高温度48℃，升华初始干燥仓压力26Pa，装料厚度7mm。最佳工艺条件下，VC、叶绿素的损失率预报值分别为6％和38％，冻干时间为18h。     

维生素C前体脂质体的制备

用冷冻干燥法制备VC前体脂质体以提高VC的稳定性和利用率。采用单因素试验分别研究冻干保护剂用量、种类、预冻时间和冷冻干燥时间对VC前体脂质体复水后包封率和粒径的影响,并以正交试验优化工艺。结果表明,VC前体脂质体的最佳工艺条件:冻干保护剂为海藻糖,卵磷脂与海藻糖的质量比为1∶3,预冻时间为6 h,冷冻干燥时间为36 h。此条件下,VC前体脂质体复水后包封率在59%左右,平均粒径为114.8 nm。     

冻干苹果脆片的护色及工艺优化

冻干苹果脆片主要以红富士苹果为原料,经过切片、护色、预冻等预处理,采用冷冻干燥和热风干燥相结合的工艺所制成。并以褐变指数和感官评价为标准,确定了护色剂的最佳配比及工艺参数。结果表明:护色剂的最佳配比为异VC钠0.3%,柠檬酸0.9%,植酸钠0.018%。预冻温度为-30℃,预冻时间2 h,冻干时间为48 h,烘干温度为70℃,时间为1.5 h,切片厚度为10 mm。在此条件下制作的冻干苹果脆片接近苹果果肉本身的颜色,口感爽脆可口,是一款营养丰富的休闲食品。     

响应面法优化草莓鲜榨汁紫外杀菌工艺

以草莓鲜榨汁为原材料,进行紫外线杀菌,研究草莓鲜榨汁厚度、紫外线照射距离和紫外线照射时间对菌落总数、霉菌和酵母菌总数杀菌率的影响。利用响应面分析法确定紫外线杀菌的最佳工艺参数为果汁厚度0.7?mm、照射距离8.0?cm、照射时间62?min,得到实际杀菌率为99.24%。在最佳工艺条件下对草莓鲜榨汁进行紫外杀菌,并与巴氏杀菌比较对草莓鲜榨汁品质指标的影响。结果表明：紫外线杀菌可以提高草莓鲜榨汁中花色苷和总酚的含量;有利于减缓草莓鲜榨汁中可滴定酸含量的降低,但对可溶性固形物无显著影响;另外紫外线杀菌降低了草莓鲜榨汁中VC的含量,但是与巴氏杀菌相比较,VC损失率减少了28.7%。这说明紫外线杀菌可以在达到商业无菌的前提下,维持草莓鲜榨汁中的营养成分。     

不同预处理方式对速冻草莓品质的影响

确定了速冻草莓的最佳冻结时间,并研究了用不同预处理方式处理速冻草莓在冻藏期间的VC含量、pH值的变化,硬度与汁液流失率.速冻预处理溶液采用蔗糖和氯化钙溶液,通过改变浸蘸溶液的浓度和浸蘸时间来改变处理方式.经实验最终确定,最佳速冻时间为5 h,速冻草莓冻藏期间的VC含量逐渐降低,pH值呈上升趋势,经20%糖液处理的草莓色泽较好,用CaCl2溶液预处理草莓的方式可明显提高草莓硬度,减少其汁液流失率.     

猕猴桃片真空冷冻干燥工艺研究

采用均匀实验设计,以切片厚度、解析时物料表面温度和干燥仓压力作为实验因素,以Vc损失率、叶绿素损失率和冻干时间作为冻干指标,并对猕猴桃片真空冷冻干燥过程进行优化,得到最佳工艺参数为:干燥仓压力45Pa,解析时物料表面温度44℃,切片厚度7mm,最佳工艺条件下Vc和叶绿素损失率分别为5.30%和39.30%,冻干时间为25.41h.     

真空冷冻干燥制取脱水草莓片

研究了真空冷冻干燥制取草莓片的冻干工艺,得到草莓冻干曲线,找到草莓的共晶点、最佳干燥厚度及干炽速度。采用此法生产的不草莓片,能量大限度地保持草莓的色、香、味及营养成分,与其它干燥方法相比有很多优点。     

真空冷冻干燥草莓粉工艺研究

以冻干草莓粉为研究对象,对其湿法生产工艺和真空冷冻干燥条件进行了研究.通过U8(81×41)均匀设计和L9(34)正交设计试验,确定了湿法生产冻干草莓粉的最佳工艺条件为将草莓浆在-25℃下预冻5 h,装料厚度6 mm,冻干室工作压力65 Pa,升华温度55℃,解析温度70℃.     

草莓清汁加工过程中的VC损失及保护研究

主要研究了不同加工工艺对VC的影响，加工过程易造成草莓清汁中VC损失，EDTA及醋酸对VC具有明显的保护作用，特别是0．5％的EDTA和0．5％的醋酸以0．5：15的体积比混合使用时，保护效果尤佳；草莓预处理中宜选用0．05％的KMnO4溶液，打浆时间为1min，这样可明显减少VC的损失。同时对贮存工艺进行了研究，得出了最佳贮存工艺参数。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the