液体喷淋密度对氢-水液相催化床压力降和传质系数的影响

在24 mm×1 000 mm玻璃柱中,用氢/氘气-水考察了液体喷淋密度对混装催化交换床的压力降和传质系数的影响。结果表明:床层压力降(Δp)随液体喷淋密度(l)的增大而升高,当操作气速较低时,l对Δp的影响不很明显,随着操作气速的增大,l对Δp的影响程度明显增强;低气速下,l对床层的传质系数(Kya)影响小,气液夹带量(δ)对Kya的影响不大;较高气速下,Kya随l的增加而增大,δ对Kya的影响较大。     

SDB疏水催化剂载体的装填及对传质性能的影响

氢-水液相催化交换(LPCE)是处理大量含氚废水的有效途径,而疏水性载体苯乙烯-二乙烯基苯共聚物(SDB)是LPCE的关键材料,对活性组分Pt起到承载作用。采用30mm×400mm玻璃柱模拟催化反应床,研究了SDB疏水性载体与填料的填装方式、气体流速、液体流速、温度以及分层装填高度等工艺条件对床层压力降和持液量的影响。结果表明:当不锈钢θ填料与SDB疏水性载体的体积比为4∶1时,无论采用混合装还是分层装,床层压力降均随气体流速、液体流速和温度的增加而升高,而动持液量随气体流速的增加而减小,随液体流速的增加而增大;混合装的压力降低于分层装,不同分层装对应的床层压力降大小为:四层装三层装一层装两层装。     

氢同位素催化交换过程影响因素研究

氢-水催化交换反应是研究氢同位素分离的重要手段,对反应过程中各影响因素的研究是氢同位素分离工作中的重要内容。在自行设计的不锈钢催化交换柱中,装填一定体积比的疏水催化剂与亲水填料,进行H-D体系气液催化交换实验。观察反应温度、气液摩尔比、不同原料水氘浓度对传质系数的影响,讨论了气体流速对床层压力降的影响情况。结果表明,不同气液比下,反应温度为45°C时传质系数最高。传质系数随原料水氘浓度(5.05 20.1)×10 3增加而降低,传质系数在0.58 1.17和2.65 3.56随着气液摩尔比而增加,催化交换柱床层压力降随气体流速而增加。研究发现,反应温度、气液摩尔比和氘浓度等因素均会影响氘的传质系数。     

RIBLL大面积真空镀膜装置

描述了一台大面积双叠层阳极在 X、Y方向分条读出气体电离室而发展的大面积真空镀膜装置。镀膜腔体内体积为 990 mm× 780 mm× 780 mm。可镀膜面积最大为 960 mm× 750 mm。用该装置为RIBLL电离室镀阴极、X阳极、Y阳极和窗 ,镀膜面积 4 4 0 mm× 160 mm,Mylar膜厚 3.2 6μm,镀银 97.2 7nm,镀银厚度不均匀度为 18.91%。用它制作的 RIBLL电离室的阳极、阴极 ,当电离室工作气压2 5k Pa P10气体 ,阳极电压 2 2 0 V,阴极电压 - 160 0 V时 ,对 5.15Me Vα源测量能量分辨率为 4 .2 %。     

5×5阵列PHOSWICH闪烁探测器望远镜

描述了一个 5× 5阵列带电粒子 PHOSWICH闪烁探测器望远镜结构。它的每一个单元由 1片厚度为 1mm,面积为 2 4 mm× 2 4 mm快塑料闪烁体 NE10 2 A和 1个前表面为 2 4 mm× 2 4 mm,后表面为 37mm×37mm,厚度为 4 0 mm的 Cs I( Tl)晶体组成的。在兰州放射性离子次级束流线 ( RIBL L )上测试到 Z/ΔZ =2 0     

CeF3闪烁探测器对X射线的电荷灵敏度标定

本文采用脉冲X射线源对光电管CeF3探测器的灵敏度进行了实验标定,得出了CeF3闪烁探测器对X射线的电荷灵敏度.实验中使用的X射线源为СГС-67型三通道脉冲发生器,X射线平均能量200 keV.实验结果表明,对于φ45 mm×10 mm、φ45 mm×5.0 mm、φ45 mm×4.5 mm 和φ45 mm×3.0 mm四种尺寸的CeF3探测器,其电荷灵敏度分别为6.70×10-18 C/MeV、4.68×10-18 C/MeV、4.47×10-18 C/MeV和3.84×10-18 C/MeV.本文还探讨了探测器灵敏度和闪烁体厚度的关系.     

基于硅光二极管阵列的X射线探测器的研制

介绍了10元CsI(Tl)闪烁晶体与10元硅光二极管阵列耦合而成的X射线探测器的设计制造过程。其中,二极管光敏元为0.75mm×1.25mm的窄条形,中心距为1.25mm,外观尺寸为12.5mm×1.25mm;闪烁体单元为1.0mm×1.5mm的窄条形,中心距为1.25mm,外观尺寸为12.5mm×1.9mm。对该探测器的硅光二极管进行了光谱测试和噪声测试,对射线探测器进行了串音和均匀性等性能测试。二极管的噪声为10?4V,射线探测器的非均匀性为0.08,有串音现象发生。对存在的问题进行了分析讨论并提出了改进方案。     

H-D体系的气液催化交换实验研究

采用Pt-SDB疏水催化剂与亲水填料混装,考查了氢同位素氘从气、液两相间相互交换过程的影响因素。结果表明:随着天然水流量的增大,开始时催化交换效率增大,而后趋于平稳;在相同的液体流量下,随着气体流量的增大,催化交换效率减小;随着温度的升高,催化交换效率增大;在同一温度下,随着液体流量的增大,气相总传质系数(Kya)没有什么明显的变化,而反应温度对Kya影响显著,高、低气体流速下两者的活化能相差很小。     

扁矩形通道CHF试验研究及其CHF关系式的分析评估

间隙在 1～ 3mm的具有大宽度的扁矩形通道 ,其临界热流密度与通常圆管及方管内的相比 ,具有自己不同的特点。对此在尺寸为 80mm× 3mm ,加热长度为 4 0 0mm和 80 0mm的扁矩形通道上 ,进行了上升流及下降流临界热流密度试验研究。并在此基础上 ,结合试验数据 ,对一些CHF预测关系式进行了分析评估。     

倾斜限制空间内池式沸腾临界热流密度试验研究

在大气压下近饱和去离子水中,表面倾角(θ)从0°变化到30°、窄缝尺寸(e)从3mm变化到8mm,开展限制空间内池式沸腾临界热流密度(CHF)试验.研究表明:CHF值(qCHF)随θ的降低而减小;随e的增加而增大.qCHF变化存在明显的过渡角,当表面倾角大于过渡角时,CHF随窄缝尺寸的变化速率趋缓;当表面倾角小于过渡角...     

Preparation of Zn/TiO2 powder and its photocatalytic performance for oxidation of P-nitrophenol

Zn-doped TiO2 catalysts were prepared using a sol-gel method and characterized by XPS,UV-Vis, BET, XRD in this study. Under the irradiation of simulant sunlight, the photocatalytic activity for the degradation of p-nitrophenol was studied too. After irradiation for 2.5 h, the degradation percentage of p-nitrophenol could rise to more than 80 %. The results showed that the spectrum absorption band edge of Zn/TiO2 powder does not broaden obviously comparing with pure TiO2 powder. Zinc exists as Zn （11）. When calcined at 973 K, there is a new phase as ZnTiO3 in Zn/TiO2 catalyst. The order of photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalysts calcined at different temperatures for p-nitrophenol is 773 K 〉 673 K 〉 873 K 〉 573 K 〉 973 K and the photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalyst calcined at 773 K is better than TiO2 catalysts heated at the same temperature, and outclasses that of commercial TiO2 catalyst. It also showed that the photocatalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol follows first-order kinetics under the irradiation of simulant sunlight.     

Current status of radiation therapy for prostate cancer

Radiotherapy for the treatment of prostate cancer has been extensively explored in the past. Along with the comprehensive understanding of the biology of prostate cancer and rapid advances in terms of technology, the out- come of treatment for the patients with prostate cancer has improved. The authors review radiotherapy as the primary treatment for the disease, with particular emphasis on the technological advances from both the radiobiological and radiophysics aspects. Nonconventional fractionated irradiation like hyper- or hypo-fractionation has been imple- mented in the clinic, the final results still need to be confirmed in the future. Technological advances like IMRT, IGRT, in the last two decades have significantly improved the delivery of external radiotherapy to the prostate. This has re- sulted in an overall increase in the total dose that can be safely delivered to the prostate, which has led to modest im- provements in the biochemical outcome. However, establishing the standard therapy for prostate cancer remains con- troversial. It is hoped that the next decades will bring continued advances in the development of biologicals that will further improve current clinical outcomes.     

The control system for SSRF injection and extraction

This paper introduces the injection and extraction control system design for SSRF,which is a distributed control system aimed at stability and reliability of the pulse power supplies,PPS(Personnel Protection System)and MPS(Machine Protection System).The hardware environment is mainly based on PLC(Programmable Logic Con- troller),and ARM(Advanced RISC Machine)is also applied for studying stability of the power supplies.WinCC and EPICS(Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System)have been selected as the platforms of SCADA(Super- visory Control and Data Acquisition).For unifying the interfacing to the control computer,all front-end equipments are connected via Industrial Ethemet.     

水平管内含空气蒸汽强制对流冷凝换热模型研究

为研究含空气蒸汽在水平管内强制对流冷凝换热特性,基于对传热传质过程的分析,建立了管内为环状流与波状流条件下的流动冷凝换热模型。从潜热、显热和液膜3个环节对整个换热过程进行建模,最终得到计算局部冷凝换热系数的理论关系式。模型预测结果与实验数据的对比表明,二者相对偏差在±20%以内,验证了该换热模型的准确性与适用性。通过进一步的研究发现：从换热管入口至出口,随着冷凝的进行,管内换热主要热阻由液膜热阻向气液界面的凝结热阻转变;主流气体对流换热过程基本可忽略。     

Investigations on landmine detection by BF3 detector

Experiments were carried out to investigate the possible use of neutron backscattering for the detection of polyethylene (PE) sample buried in the soil. In detection of landmine by neutrons, the neutron detector and its shield play an important role. In this paper, the effects of graphite, heavy water, polyethylene and boric acid moderators on the flux of back scattered neutrons were investigated. We have also experimentally verified the effect of BF3 detector shield and obtained good agreement with theory.     

Web Services interface of SSRF archive data analysis system

Accelerator database stores various static parameters and real-time data of accelerator. SSRF (Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility) adopts relational database to save the data. We developed a data retrieval system based on XML Web Services for accessing the archive data. It includes a bottom layer interface and an interface applicable for accelerator physics. Client samples exemplifying how to consume the interface are given. The users can browse, retrieve and plot data by the client samples. Also, we give a method to test its stability. The test result and performance are described.     

Assessment of radioactivity levels in some oil samples from the western desert, Egypt

Distributions of natural gamma-emitting radionuclides were determined in 93 oil samples collected from some petroleum fields in the western desert of Egypt. The radioisotope activities in the area under investigation lay in the range of (21 ± 4) to (38 ± 13) Bq?L-1 for 226Ra, (9 ± 2) to (15 ± 5) Bq?L-1 for 232Th, and (154 ± 28) to (303 ± 54) Bq?L-1 for 40K. The mean values were 27, 12, and 201 Bq?L-1, respectively. Among oils, variations in radionuclide ac- tivities could be on account of differences in TDS, HCO3, and Ba, with high or low pH. In this environment, oil prop- erties differently affected the mobilization of natural radionuclides. The range of 226Ra variation had been compared with available data from other countries. The calculated absorbed dose rate ranged from 22.33 to 32.66 nGy?h-1 in lo- cation (B) and (E) respectively, which was less than the accepted value.     

Preparation and properties of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP in in-vitro and in small animals

In this work,TTHMP was synthesized and labelled with 117m Sn.The preparation conditions,stability and lipophilicity of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP were investigated.Biodistribution of the complex in rabbits and mice was studied.It was found that the quantity of TTHMP and pH value of the prepararion solution had vital effects on the labeling yield of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP.It was also found that 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP was hydrophilic and stable at room temperature and 37℃ in open air 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP showed unexpectedly high bone uptake and bone-to-blood ratio in the animals.This made it potentially useful as an reagent for skeletal scintigraphy and radiotherapy of bone tumors.     

Gamma radiation levels in the ambient environment of the QNPP Base

Monitoring results of gamma dose rate level in 1992～2004 in the ambient environment of the Qinshan Nuclear Power Plants(QNPP)Base,the northeast of Zhejiang Province,are reported in this paper.It is shown that the gamma dose rate of five monitoring sites of 2.5 km to QNPP Base is 84～113 nGy/h,with an average of 96 nGy/h in the 13 years.The average value is close to the background level of 93 nGy/h prior to operation of the QNPP Base,and is lower than the monitoring result of 101 nGy/h at the reference site in Hangzhou City.Within 50 km from the QNPP Base,the cumulative dose rate of the thermoluminescent dosimeter(TLD)is 90 nGy/h,which is lower than the back- ground level of 111 nGy/h.     

The role of AGFA high-energy CR in the calibration and quality control of multileaf collimators （MLC）

Linear accelerators equipped with multileaf collimators （MLC） are becoming more common and are widely used in the intensity-modulated radiotherapy （IMRT）. There is an imperative need to ensure the commissioning specification of the linear accelerators for the sake of quality assurance （QA） and quality control （QC）. This paper is aimed to investigate the role of AGFA high-energy CR （Computed Radiography） in calibrating dynamic multileaf collimators and evaluating the accuracy of the leaf position. The result shows that AGFA high-energy CR can easily and conveniently be used to calibrate MLC and verify its position. Hence, the application of AGFA high-energy CR is proved to be an accurate and time-saving method for routine MLC QC, especially when MLC calibration adjustments are required.