INVESTIGATIONS ON THE INTERFACIAL ZONE BETWEEN AGGREGATE AND PASTE OF PORTLAND CEMENT

The composition and structure of theinterfacial zone between aggregate and paste ofportland cement as well as the orientationcoefficient of portlandite (Icn) werepreliminarily studied by XRD and SEMmethods.The main products in the zone are C-S-H gel,portlandite,AFt and pores,micro-cracks as well as unhydrated portlandcement clinker particles.Potlandite not onlygrows well but exists in orientating forms,andnear the interface it exists in a state parallel tothe surface of aggregate by its(001)latticeplane.Icn rises with the increase of cementwater ratio(w/c)and the development of thecement hydration.The higher the w/c,themore the pores and micro-cracks in thezone,w/c bears an exact relation to the decreaseof bond strength.Icn is decreased when 5.0%silica fume is added to cement.Bond strengthsat early ages are reduced by adding 0.5% FDN(one kind of water-reducing admixture)due tothe retarded hydration of cement,but they willincrease continually and become greater than those of other samples after 28 days.     

集料与硅酸盐水泥石界面区的若干研究

利用XRD层析法和SEM研究了集料与硅酸盐水泥石界面区的组成、CH晶体取向指数等。实验结果表明,界面区中水化产物主要是C-S-H凝胶、CH晶体、AFt、孔隙以及未水化的熟料矿物;界面区中CH晶体发育良好,取向作用较强,界面处它以(001)面平行于集料表面生长;水化龄期增长或水灰比提高时,CH晶体取向作用增强,而且水灰比高时,界面区中孔洞、裂纹增多,降低界面粘结强度;水泥中掺入5.0%wt硅灰后,CH晶体取向作用下降;水泥中掺入5.0wt%FDN减水剂,由于水泥早期水化程度低,对水泥石-集料早期粘结强度不利,但28d后其粘结强度就能赶上并超过其它试样。     

Properties and Acceleration Mechanism of Cement Mortar Added with Low Alkaline Liquid State Setting Accelerator

Low alkaline liquid state setting accelerator(LSA) for Portland cement was prepared in laboratory from aqueous solution of several inorganic sulfate salts and some organic chemical substances. Properties of cement with addition of LSA relating to its setting time and strength development as well as its resistance to sulfate attack for short and long term exposure were experimentally examined. The experimental results showed that 5%-7% addition of LSA significantly accelerated the initial and final setting of Portland cement in the presence or absence of the blending of mineral admixtures, the initial and final setting time being less than 3 min and 6 min respectively. Meanwhile, the early 1 day curing age compressive strength increased remarkably by 20%, while the late 28 th day curing age compressive strength remained almost unchanged as compared with that of the reference accelerator free cement mortar specimen. Furthermore, mortar specimens of cement added with LSA and exposed to 5% Na2SO4 solution showed their excellent resistance to sulfate attack, with their short and long term curing age resistance coefficient to sulfate attack being around 1.04 to 1.17, all larger than 1.0. XRD analysis on hardened cement paste specimens at very early curing ages of several minutes disclosed the existence of more ettringite in specimens added with LSA than that of the reference specimens, meanwhile SEM observation also revealed the existence of well crystallized ettringite at very early hydration stage, suggesting that the accelerated setting of Portland cement can be attributed to the early and rapid formation of ettringite over the whole cement paste matrix due to the introduction of LSA. MIP measurement revealed that hardened cement paste specimens with the addition of LSA presented less medium diameter pores, more proportion of small pores and less proportion of large capillary pores, which is in a very good coincidence with the improvement of strength development of cement mortars added with LSA.     

再生砖骨料混凝土架构模型试验研究

通过试验研究水灰质量比、粒径级配、再生砖骨料和砂体积分数对混凝土抗压强度的影响以及灰砂质量比对水泥石抗压强度的影响,分析骨浆体积比、灰砂质量比、再生砖骨料和砂体积分数对混凝土架构贡献强度的影响. 结果表明,再生砖骨料混凝土的抗压强度随着水灰质量比的减小而增大,当骨料粒径为19~26.5 mm时抗压强度达到最大值;当再生砖骨料体积分数为30%~43.2%时,混凝土抗压强度和再生砖骨料构架贡献强度都随着再生砖骨料体积分数的增大而增大,且都随着砂体积分数的增大而增大;当灰砂质量比为0.33~1.33时,水泥砂浆试件的抗压强度随着灰砂质量比的增大而增大;当再生砖骨料体积分数为40%和43.2%时,灰砂质量比与再生砖骨料架构贡献强度以及骨浆体积比与再生砖骨料架构贡献强度均高度线性相关;再生砖骨料架构贡献强度高于混凝土强度,主要集中在再生砖骨料体积分数为40%~43.2%,特别是再生砖骨料体积分数为43.2%、砂体积分数为18%~26%.     

水泥-膨润土复合固化市政污泥强度试验研究

针对固化污泥的强度问题,以水泥作为复合剂的固化基质材料,采用材料比选强度试验,优选复合剂的外掺剂;开展了不同水泥添加量和不同膨润土添加量条件下固化污泥的强度试验,研究固化污泥的强度特性。结果表明：膨润土可作为优选的外掺剂,其特殊的离子交换和团粒化作用,使得膨润土复合水泥固化市政污泥相比于黏土、页岩效果更好;固化污泥土的无侧限抗压强度总体上随着水泥、膨润土添加量的增加而增大,试验表明水泥和膨润土复合可有效固化市政污泥,提高污泥的强度特性;基于试验数据建立的固化污泥土强度预测模型,可以对固化污泥土的无侧限抗压强度进行准确预测。     

基于水膜厚度假设分析磨细高炉矿渣对水泥浆性能影响

为探索磨细高炉矿渣对水泥浆性能及其水膜厚度的影响,研究测量了30组不同水胶比、不同磨细高炉矿渣掺量的水泥–;矿渣复合浆体的流动性能、黏聚性和抗压强度.为探索浆体的流变性能控制机理,进一步测量了5组不同磨细高炉矿渣掺量水泥–;矿渣复合浆体的填充密度,并基于填充密度测量结果计算出各浆体试样配比的水膜厚度,探索水膜厚度对水泥–;矿渣复合浆体流变性能的影响.实验结果表明,适量磨细高炉矿渣的掺入能提高浆体的流动性能和抗压强度,黏聚性些许减弱,最优配比磨细高炉矿渣掺量为5%,此时水泥–;矿渣复合浆体综合性能最好.磨细高炉矿渣掺入能提高胶凝材料的填充密度,水膜厚度为流动性主要控制因素,水泥浆的流动性能随水膜厚度增大而增大.     

The Hydration of Blended Cement at Low W/B Ratio

1　IntroductionThehydrationandhardeningprocessesofordinarycementhavebeenstudiedintensively[1-3 ] .Partlyreplac ingcementwithflyash ,slag ,orotheractivemineralad mixturecannotonlymodifythecementstrengthgrade ,re ducethehydrationheatofcement ,butalsomelioratethestructureofhardencementpaste[4] .Applyingexpansiveagentinordinaryconcretecancombinethebearingandwaterprooffunctionsofabuilding ,anditcanalsoreducetheshrinkageandpreventthecrackingofconcrete[5,6] .However ,thehydrationprocessofcementmixedw…     

Synthesis of a macromer, MPEGAA, used to prepare an AMPS-modified polyacrylic acid superplasticizer

A macromer, methoxypolyethylene glycol acrylate （MPEGAA）, was synthesized by direct esterification using methoxypolyethylene glycol （MPEG-1200） and acrylic acid （AA） as the main materials. MPEGAA was then used to prepare a polyacrylic acid superplasticizer modified with 2-acrylamido-2- methylpropane sulfonic acid （AMPS）. A single-factor test was performed to investigate the effects of the molar ratio of acid to alcohol （n（AA）/n（MPEG））, inhibitor amount, catalyst amount, temperature, and time of esterification on the synthesis of MPEGAA. The experimental results showed that the optimal esterification conditions were as follows： n（AA）/n（MPEG）, 3.5：1; amount of hydroquinone （as an inhibitor）, 1.2%; amount of para-toluenesulfonic acid （as a catalyst）, 5.5%; reaction temperature, 95 ~C; and reaction time, 6 h. The AMPS- modified polyacrylic acid superplasticizer prepared under the optimal esterification conditions enabled the achievement and maintenance of high cement dispersibility. At an admixture amount of 0.15%, the cement paste fluidity was initially as high as 300 mm, and then decreased to 315 mm after 1 h and to 290 mm after 2 h.     

膨润土对双轮铣水泥土搅拌墙体强度和渗透特性的影响

膨润土浆液常作为地下工程双轮铣水泥土搅拌墙（CSM）的铣削液来改善土体搅拌均匀性和维持槽壁稳定。通过室内试验研究膨润土水泥土试样无侧限抗压强度和渗透系数等特性随膨润土掺入量的变化情况,并结合压汞试验分析掺入膨润土对水泥土微观孔隙特征的影响,探讨掺入膨润土后试样孔隙比的变化与水泥土试样无侧限抗压强度和渗透系数的内在关联。结果表明,掺入膨润土可显著降低水泥固化砂土和粉土的渗透系数;掺入膨润土还能提高无侧限抗压强度,砂土试样的无侧限抗压强度增幅较水泥固化粉土试样更大;固化土无侧限抗压强度和孔隙比与水泥掺量的比值近似呈幂函数关系;膨润土能有效填充孔隙,同时与水泥水化产物发生化学反应,改变水泥土孔隙分布;掺入适量的膨润土可改善水泥土试样承强防渗效果,在固化粉土和砂土试样中膨润土的适宜掺入量分别为5%和2.5%~5%。     

无机预处理再生粗骨料的性能研究

目的利用无机预处理法处理村镇建筑垃圾,使处理后的建筑垃圾能作为再生粗骨料应用到混凝土中．方法用水泥净浆和水泥砂浆对再生粗骨料进行表面预处理,测试其压碎指标和吸水率,通过正交试验分析选出最优方案．结果预处理后再生粗骨料的压碎指标和吸水率比未经处理的小,当砂浆配比为1：2：2时,压碎指标为16．2％,吸水率为4．57％．通过扫描电镜观察再生粗骨料的界面过渡区,发现涂浆层不与骨料本身反应．结论通过正交试验分析,水泥砂浆预处理方法要优于水泥净浆预处理法,水泥净浆预处理的最佳组成为：水灰比0．45,涂浆量为35％,早强剂掺量为2％;水泥砂浆预处理的最佳组成为：砂浆配比1：2：2,涂浆量为35％,早强剂掺量为2％．     

Preparation and Mechanism Research of Hydrationheat-inhibiting Materials with Microcapsule Sustained-releasing Technology

Hydration-heat-inhibiting materials(HIM) with polysaccharide as core material was prepared using microcapsule sustained-releasing technology,through a centrifugal spray granulation process after melting together.The preparation process parameters of HIM were selected by the semi-adiabatic temperature rise test of cement paste.TAM air microcalorimeter was used to investigate the regulation performance of HIM on the hydration of cement.The influence of HIM on the microstructure of cement was investigated by XRD,SEM,and TG-DSC.The results showed that the most suitable wall material for HIM was polyethylene wax,the optimum polyethylene wax/polysaccharide mass ratio was 1,and the most effective particle size was 0.16-0.30 mm.Polysaccharide coated by polyethylene wax released slowly,and the peak heat release rate of cement could be reduced by 55.2% after continuous regulaion.The regulation period continued to 120 h.HIM mainly decreased the C_3S reaction rate,which resulted in a 39.2% peak value reduction of hydration heat release rate.However,HIM had little regulation on C_3A.The hydration heat release process of cement-based materials can be designed by adjusting the dosage of HIM.     

调凝型外加剂对水泥凝结硬化性能的影响

研究了缓凝剂、速凝剂单掺以及与其它品种外加剂复配掺入时，对水泥凝结与硬化性能的影响。通过XRD、SEM微观测试手段，研究了调凝型水泥基材料的微观结构特征。试验结果表明：缓凝剂、速凝剂与防水剂、减水剖复配使用，调凝效果显著，水泥硬化体形成的空间网络结构密实、强度高。     

Dynamic elastic modulus of cement paste at early age based on nondestructive test and multiscale prediction model

This paper introduced a nondestructive testing method to evaluate the dynamic elastic modulus of cement paste. Moreover, the effect of water-cement ratio and conventional admixtures on the dynamic elastic modulus of cement paste was investigated, in which three kinds of admixtures were taken into account including viscosity modifying admixture （VMA）, silica.fume （SF）, and shrinkage-reducing admixture （SRA）. The experimental results indicate that the dynamic elastic modulus of cement paste increases with decreasing water-cement ratio. The addition of SF increases the dynamic elastic modulus, however, the overdosage of VMA causes its reduction. SRA reduces the dynamic elastic modulus at early age without affecting it in later period. Finally, a multiscale micromechanics approach coupled with a hydration model CEMHYD3D and percolation theory is utilized to predict the elastic modulus of cement paste, and the predictive results by the model are in accordance with the experimental data.     

垃圾焚烧炉渣活性激发及对水泥性能的影响

通过外掺法研究了城市生活垃圾焚烧炉渣用作水泥混合材对水泥性能的影响,同时考察了炉渣活性激发和炉渣水泥的环境安全性。实验结果表明:炉渣具有较弱的火山灰活性,随着其掺入量的增加,水泥标准稠度用水量增加,凝结时间延长,水泥强度下降,当PO 42.5水泥中炉渣掺量达到25%时仍能达到PO 32.5水泥生产要求。在炉渣活性激发方面,钙系列激发剂能够提高炉渣水泥的早期和后期强度(CaCl2会使后期强度倒缩),钠系列激发剂均会降低其强度。炉渣的掺入能够降低水泥净浆化学收缩率。在炉渣掺量35%时,砂浆试块的重金属极限溶出含量远低于国家标准最高允许浓度,不会对环境带来二次污染。     

The hydration of blended cement at low<Emphasis Type="Italic">W/B</Emphasis> ratio

The hydration process, hydration product and hydration heat of blended cement paste mixed with mineral admixture and expansive agent at low W/B ratio are studied by XRD, thermo analysis, and calorimetry instrument, and they were compared with those of pure cement paste. The results show that pure cement and blended cement at low W/B ratio have the same types of hydration products, but their respective amounts of hydration products of various blended cements at same ages and the variation law of the amount of same hydration products with ages are different; The joint effect of tumefaction of gel-ettringite due to water absorption and the expansive pressure on the pore and rift caused by the crystalloid ettringite is the impetus of the volume expansion of cement paste, and the former effect is much greater than the latter one. HU Shu-guang: Born in 1957 Funded by 973 High-tech Project of China (No. 2001CB610704-2) and the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(No. 2002AB075)     

Influence of the aggregate volume on the electrical resistivity and properties of portland cement concretes

The electrical resistivity of concretes with various aggregate volume fractions (V _a) of 0%–70% at water/cement (W/C) ratios of 0.4 and 0.5 during 1 day was monitored. It is found that the addition of normal aggregate to cement paste leads to a regular increase in concrete resistivity at each hydration stage and the electrical resistivity has a deeper increase for the lower W/C at a fixed aggregate volume fraction. The number of normalized resistivity (NR) of concrete to its paste matrix was introduced, which is only a function of aggregate volume fraction (V _a). The quantitative relationships give an alternative method for the prediction of aggregate volume in the concrete. A logarithmic relation is established between the elastic modulus of concrete at 7 days or 28 days and the electrical resistivity of concrete at 1 day. The equations are obtained, the compressive strength of concrete at 7 days or 28 days can be determined by the electrical resistivity of concrete at 1 day and the used aggregate content in the concrete. The quantitative relationships give a non-destructive test (NDT) method for prediction of concrete elastic modulus and compressive strength.     

Influence of ultra-fine fly ash on hydration shrinkage of cement paste

1INTRODUCTION Hydrationshrinkageisalsoknownaschemicalshrinkage[1].Thesolidvolumeincreasesafterce menthydrating,buttheabsolutevolumeofcementwatersystemreduces.Usuallythetotalamountofvolumeshrinkageofcementwatersystemis7%9%[1,2].Withthedevelopmentofthetechno logyofcementandconcrete,concretewithhighstrengthandhighperformanceisthedevelopingtendencynow.However,nowadays,comparedwithordinaryconcrete,thehydrationshrinkageofhighperformancecementconcreteincreasesobvi ouslybecauseoftheaccelerationof…     

新型油井水泥促凝剂WSA-1室内研究

在导管或表层段低温固井中,水泥水化速度慢,候凝时间长,油井水泥石早期强度发展缓慢,影响固井质量和作业安全。针对目前国内油田低温浅层固井可供选择的油井水泥促凝剂种类少、某些油井水泥促凝剂促凝和早强效果不佳以及对水泥浆流变性影响较大等问题,通过室内实验研制了一种新型复合促凝剂WSA-1。对加有促凝剂WSA-1的水泥浆进行了系统的性能评价。结果表明:促凝剂WSA-1能加速油井水泥的水化过程,缩短水泥浆的稠化时间,显著提高水泥石的早期强度,当m(WSA-1)∶m(水泥干灰)=3%时,水泥浆稠化时间可缩短50%以上,水泥石6h强度从3.2MPa增强到11.3MPa,24h抗压强度从24.3MPa增强到46.1MPa,完全满足其评价标准的相关要求,且对水泥浆的初始稠度和流变参数基本无影响,是一种性能优异的、可用于低温浅层油气井固井水泥浆体系的复合促凝剂。     

钠基膨润土对水泥抗渗性的影响

首先对膨润土进行了提纯钠化改性处理,然后将钠基膨润土加入水泥中,测试样品的抗渗性与强度,通过XRD分析与SEM扫描电镜研究了钠化膨润土对水泥微观结构的影响。结果表明：钠基膨润土的加入可以提高水泥的抗渗性,但同时降低了水泥结构的强度,理想掺量为质量百分数的10％。膨润土水化膨胀,堵塞孔隙,在膨胀压力作用下,进入缝隙,提高水泥的抗渗性。     

高密实混凝土技术路线与性能研究

探讨了高密实混凝土技术路线与性能。依据骨料密实堆积的理论，利用粗细骨料与粉煤灰按照大小粒径致密堆积在一起，获得混凝土中骨料间的最小空隙Vv，再利用Vv来控制混凝土中的浆体用量Vp，从而达到减少混凝土中水泥用量和单位用水量的目的。高密实混凝土因为骨料颗粒搭配情况良好，密实堆积，这有助于减少骨料之间的滑动阻力，在高效减水剂的作用下，拌制出高流动性、易泵送的混凝土。同时，只需少量水泥浆，致密堆积混凝土的设计强度通过骨料间传递应力即可达到。