滴流床反应器内脉冲流下动持液量实验

对气液强相互作用下滴流床反应器内的流体动力学进行了分析讨论 .实验测定了脉冲流流型下的床层平均动持液量 .考察了气液流率、液体黏度、填料材料等因素对动持液量的影响 .根据对滴流床反应器内流体流动机理的分析及实验结果 ,提出了关联脉冲流型式下动持液量的关联式 .该关联式能很好地关联实验数据 ,可用于预测温和型脉冲流下的动持液量     

滴流床反应器的非定态操作

采用蒽醌加氢反应为探针,研究了脉冲流操作、周期性填充和周期性操作3种非定态操作方式对TBR反应器性能的影响.结果表明,在脉冲流区操作TBR的催化剂质量空时收率比滴流区操作提高50%以上,表观动力学研究证实脉冲流区操作TBR蒽醌加氢反应的表观活化能比滴流区操作更接近本征活化能;催化剂与惰性颗粒的交替填充周期性地强化了气液相间传质速率,提高催化剂质量空时收率40%以上;反应器的周期性操作,同时强化气液和液固相间传质速率,改善反应器内的流体力学状况,从而提高反应的空时收率和选择性10%以上.     

小型热虹吸环流反应器中丙烯环氧化工艺条件

引　言钛硅催化剂 (ＴＳ - 1)上的丙烯与Ｈ2 Ｏ2 环氧化过程是环氧丙烷 (ＰＯ)洁净生产的发展方向[1,2 ] ,但对于环氧化反应器的研究尚很不完备 .该反应是一个强放热的气液固三相反应 ,要实现该反应过程的连续化 ,可以采用搅拌釜式反应器或固定床反应器(滴流床反应器 ) .搅拌釜式反应器主要用于催化剂性能评价 ,由于搅拌釜内物料返混严重 ,反应器体积效率较低 ;固定床反应器是由美国ＡＲＣＯ公司的Ｊｕｂｉｎ[3] 等发明的 ,实际上为多段气液呈并流向下的滴流床反应器 ,该反应器结构复杂 ,操作压力较大 (在 1.2 5ＭＰａ以上 ) ,且为了便于控…     

小颗粒滴流床反应器的流体力学研究

在内径为０．０４７ｍ，床层高０．７ｍ的滴流床反应器内，采用空气－水－玻璃珠（１．８，３．１８ｍｍ）体系，在常温、常压下进行实验。气、液流速分别在０．０５４－０．２３ｋｇ／（ｍ＾２ｓ）和３．２０－１４．７３ｋｇ／（ｍ＾２ｓ）内，用电导信号脉动法、压降波动法结合目测法测定了滴流床的流动状态及其变化，实验结果可用于确定不同操作条件下的流动状态。本研究还分别是用差计、示踪剂法和体积法对滴流床的压降，总持流     

单孔及微孔曝气低气速鼓泡床内气泡行为比较

引言鼓泡床反应器被广泛应用于吸收、液相氧化、好氧生化等气液反应过程,气体在液相中的分散情况对鼓泡床的反应和传质特性都有很大影响.为了提高气液传质效率,增加生产强度,工业反应器很多都是在高气速下操作(Ug>0·05m·s-1),很多研究都集中在高气速湍动鼓泡区[1~3].但对有机     

滴流床反应器的脉冲特性

滴流床中气液流速较高时会产生脉冲流。脉冲特性可表示为：脉冲频率、脉冲速度、脉冲持液与脉冲间持液。这些参数可用气液流速、填料特性及气液物性来度量。在宏观物料衡算基础上推得脉冲速度的模型。脉冲持液就是反应器的动持液；脉冲持液与脉冲间持液之比近于1．5。发现脉冲频率完全受表观液速与临界液速的差值所控制。获得了三个关联式，涉及不同系统，也包含文献数据。     

滴流床反应器的研究现状和展望

近十几年来。滴流床反应器越来越受到人们的重视。本文从滴流床反应器的流体力学特性、相际传质和数学模型等方面,较全面地回顾了国内外的研究状况。由于气液固三相的存在,反应器内流动、混合、传质等过程十分复杂,大多数工作是利用实验结果得到有关模型和参数的经验关联式,理论工作相对来说比较薄弱。必须引入更先进的理论和方法,使滴流床反应器的研究超越传统的经验关联式水平,提高到更加科学的高度。     

三相滴流床反应器基于CFD的模拟方法探究

滴流床反应器是一种典型的气液固三相反应器,广泛应用于化学与石油加工工程。相间、相内传质以及催化剂表面相互作用、催化剂的有效润湿率、反应器流体力学、反应器模型等这些因素都影响着滴流床的反应性能。文章采用的滴流床反应器即是在固体催化颗粒床层内气液两相反应物自上而下流动(沿重力方向)的一类反应器。苯二酚是重要的精细化工中间体,用途非常广泛。我们采用CFD模拟了苯酚氧化生成苯二酚的反应。用网格划分粗细的影响及床层催化剂空隙率对流场的影响,计算为三维模拟计算。模拟了局部气含率、持液量,压力降,轴向速度分布及其径向分布速度等数据,探究了模拟方法,为进一步研究提供了参考依据。     

合成1,4—丁二醇开发技术中的工艺与工程

合成1,4-丁二醇的大规模工业生产是在国内外同时采用滴流床、浆态床和三相悬浮床三种反应器仅有的反应工艺,对这一反应工艺所用不同反应器的开发方法,包括催化剂制备及考评,各种专用冷模试验和专用反应器的热模试验及动力学测定。应用数学模拟分析和实验相结合,从小试、中试到工业试验,可为大型装置设计提供依据。本文总结了气、液、固三相反应器的基础研究和工业实践相结合的经验、催化剂和反应器工程协调的评价,以及催化剂的制备技术。     

滴流床反应器中泡沫流床层压降的实验研究

选用过氧化氢生产用蒽醌工作液体系,完成了滴流床反应器中泡沫流床层压降的实验研究. 通过测定瞬时床层压降,建立了反应器内的流型识别方法,借以研究了在泡沫流和泡沫脉冲流区的床层压降梯度与气液相流速、填料尺寸的关系,并采用Specchia和Baldi提出的经验式对发泡体系泡沫流区床层压降进行了估算. 结果表明,通过实验数据回归,可采用Specchia和Baldi经验式预测泡沫流区的床层压降,最大偏差小于5%.     

Structure of trickle-to-pulse flow regime transition and pulse dynamics at elevated temperature in slow-mode cyclic operation

The effects of temperature and pressure on the structure of the trickle-to-pulse flow regime transition in slow-mode cyclic operation in trickle-bed reactors were reported. The relationship between liquid holdup and liquid velocities at the trickle-to-pulse flow transition in cyclic operation, the shock wave behavior as a function of bed depth, as well as the pulsing flow regime properties were investigated for Newtonian (air-water) and non-Newtonian (air-0.25% carboxymethylcellulose (CMC)) liquids. At a given temperature, the breakthrough, plateau and decay times of the shock wave were found to decrease with bed depth. The pulse velocity and pulse frequency for pulsing flow regime both in cyclic operation and in natural pulsing (constant-throughput operation) were observed to increase with temperature. However, increasing the reactor pressure led to increased pulse frequency and decreased pulse velocity. Analysis of the transition liquid holdups for natural pulse flow and cyclic operation revealed that the liquid holdup decreased with temperature and pressure. The transition liquid holdups and superficial liquid pulse velocities in symmetric peak-base cyclic operation surpassed those in constant-throughput operation for given temperature, pressure and gas velocity, giving rise to wider trickle flow regime area in cyclic operation. The behavior of both Newtonian and power-law non-Newtonian fluids was similar regarding the effect of temperature, pressure and gas velocity.     

刮壁浆在槽式釜的传热研究

针对结刮壁搅拌槽壁面的传热提出渗透－对流模型。运用在搅拌浆上安装热电偶的测温方法，考察了刮壁搅拌槽中的温度分布情况，实验结果支持了渗透－对流模型。当Ｒｅ＞１００，Ｒｅ·Ｐｒ＞１０６时，刮壁残余层对壁面传热有明显影响，随着Ｒｅ的进一步提高，刮壁槽壁面的传热系数增加缓慢，关联得到Ｒｅ＜１００，８０００＜Ｐｒ＜１８０００时刮壁槽壁面传热系数的经验关联式。     

纤维填充滴流反应器的流体力学

<正> 1 引言 近期的研究表明,无机纤维催化剂(玻璃纤维、碳纤维、氧化铝纤维等)具有较高的活性、选择性和稳定性,如氧化铝纤维为载体的裂解汽油加氢。但到目前为止,有关纤维滴流床的化工数据几乎未见报道。本工作的目的是对纤维滴流床进行流体力学研究,考察操作条件、填料性质、填充方式变化时流体流动性质如压降、持液量等的变化规律,以求建立计算压降和持液量的关联式,为纤维滴流床反应器的设计和放大提供基础数据。     

气升式三相内环流反应器中相含率的研究

在一个6．36L的气升式内环流反应器中,以空气-NaCl水溶液-K树脂为实验体系,在导流筒内的表观气速为1．21～7．28cm·s^-1时,考察了平均气含率、平均固含率随表观气速的变化规律,研究了转向面积比、NaCl水溶液浓度与平均气含率之间的关系。在均匀鼓泡流区域用模型方程Eg=aUgb来关联平均气含率,其中模型参数6=0．766,a与转向面积比、NaCl水溶液浓度关系为a=3．45×10^-5＋0．0146（Sb／Sr）0．0185＋1．35W。     

Pluronic F68胶束水溶液对稠环芳烃的增溶

PluronicF6 8嵌段共聚物在 5 0℃的水溶液中可形成外壳良好水化的胶束 ,其内核组成中PO和EO的质量分数分别为 80 %和 2 0 %。该胶束和稠环芳烃的结合能力顺序为芘 >蒽 >萘。三者在F6 8胶束和水相间的分配系数KV 分别为 8 74× 10 2 (芘 )、7 94× 10 2 (蒽 )和 2 5 4× 10 2(萘 )。     

滴流床反应器持液量的滞后现象

通过采用电容层析成像仪测定了不同气速、不同液速、不同操作方式以及不同床层位置的持液量滞后曲线,发现影响持液量滞后的最大因素是液体流速。在实验的基础上,分析了不同操作状态下产生滞后现象的原因,并提出了采用持液量滞后曲线终点来判断脉冲点的关联式：Re^＊LReG^＊0.42042=800。     

Experimental and numerical investigations of scale-up effects on the hydrodynamics of slurry bubble columns

Experiments and simulations were conducted for bubble columns with diameter of 0.2 m(180 mm i.d.), 0.5 m(476 mm i.d.) and 0.8 m(760 mm i.d.) at high superficial gas velocities(0.12–0.62 m·s-1) and high solid concentrations(0–30 vol%). Radial profiles of time-averaged gas holdup, axial liquid velocity, and turbulent kinetic energy were measured by using in-house developed conductivity probes and Pavlov tubes. Effects of column diameter, superficial gas velocity, and solid concentration were investigated in a wide range of operating conditions. Experimental results indicated that the average gas holdup remarkably increases with superficial gas velocity, and the radial profiles of investigated flow properties become steeper at high superficial gas velocities. The axial liquid velocities significantly increase with the growth of the column size, whereas the gas holdup was slightly affected. The presence of solid in bubble columns would inhibit the breakage of bubbles, which results in an increase in bubble rise velocity and a decrease in gas holdup, but time-averaged axial liquid velocities remain almost the same as that of the hollow column. Furthermore, a 2-D axisymmetric k–ε model was used to simulate heterogeneous bubbly flow using commercial code FLUENT 6.2. The lateral lift force and the turbulent diffusion force were introduced for the determination of gas holdup profiles and the effects of solid concentration were considered as the variation of average bubble diameter in the model. Results predicted by the CFD simulation showed good agreement with experimental data.     

外循环型鼓泡式反应器气含率及循环液速率

对直径２８０ｍｍ、扩大直径５００ｍｍ、外循环管直径６５ｍｍ、总高２９００ｍｍ的外循环型鼓泡式反应器，在气体空塔线速Ｕｇ为０．０４－０．５５ｍ／ｓ时，用静压差法和脉冲示踪法测定了不同部位的气含率Ｅｇ，Ｅｐｇ和循环液速率ｕ１，并获得了它们的关联式：对反应段，Ｅｇ＝０．４５５６Ｕ＾０．３１９８ｇ〔Ｕｇ／（Ｕｇ＋Ｕ１）〕＾０．７３９６；对反应器扩大段，Ｅｕｇ＝０．９３８９Ｕ＾０．４４３１ｕｇ；对循环管，Ｅ     

Recovery of carbon monoxide from flue gases by reactive absorption in ionic liquid imidazolium chlorocuprate(I):Mass transfer coefficients

Recovery of carbon monoxide from flue gases by selective absorption of carbon monoxide in an imidazolium chlorocuprate(I) ionic liquid is considered in this work as an alternative to the use of molecular volatile solvents such as aromatic hydrocarbons. The present work evaluates the CO mass transfer rates from the gas phase to the ionic liquid solutions in the absence of chemical reaction. To that end, carbon dioxide was employed as an inert model gas and absorption experiments were performed to assess the influence of different process variables in a batch reactor with flat gas–liquid interface. The experimental mass transfer coefficients showed significant var-iation with temperature, (3.4–10.9) × 10-7 m·s-1 between 293 and 313 K; stirring speed, (10.2–33.1) × 10-7 m·s-1 between 100 and 300 r·min-1;and concentration of copper(I), (6.6–10.2) × 10-7 m·s-1 between 0.25 and 2 mol·L-1. In addition, the mass transfer coefficients were eventually found to follow a poten-tial proportionality of the type kL∝μ-0.5 and the dimensionless correlation that makes the estimation of the mass transfer coefficients possible in the studied range of process variables was obtained:Sh=10-2.64·Re1.07·Sc0.75. These results constitute the first step in the kinetic analysis of the reaction between CO and imidazolium chlorocuprate(I) ionic liquid that determines the design of the separation units.