基于SPH算法的飞行器鸟撞数值仿真分析

应用LS-DYNA动力学仿真软件,采用SPH算法进行鸟撞平板数值仿真分析.通过与实际试验结果对比分析,仿真计算结果与试验结果吻合较好,同时得到了鸟弹撞击速度与损伤(最大应力)之间的的经验公式.鸟撞平板仿真验证了仿真方法、模型及结构属性模拟的合理性,仿真计算结论为飞行器结构抗鸟撞设计提供有价值的数据.     

鸟体力学模型仿真研究

为使鸟撞飞机结构数值计算中鸟体模型更贴近实际,基于非线性动力学有限元分析程序的Lagrange算法、Euler算法和SPH算法,以及弹塑性和流体动力学本构模型,建立了三种鸟体有限元模型,并进行了由低速到高速的鸟撞平板仿真研究.结果表明:鸟撞击速度低于100m/s时,采用模型一方法仿真鸟体较合理;鸟撞击速度高于100m/s时,鸟体的仿真宜采用模型三方法;综合计算精度和计算成本两个方面,当鸟撞击速度高于145m/s时,模型一方法也是可接受的方法.鸟撞平板仿真验证了分析结果的正确性,为鸟撞仿真中鸟体的建模提供了参考依据.     

机翼复合材料张力蒙皮结构抗鸟撞分析

针对飞行器采用机翼前缘复合材料结构抗鸟撞的设计要求,提出一种新的设计构型,即张力蒙皮结构。使用显式碰撞动力分析软件PAMCRASH,建立了四种复合材料张力层乎板模型,并采用流固耦合方法对其进行鸟撞仿真分析和比较,从而确定张力层有限元模型形式;依据上述情况对复合材料张力蒙皮构成的机翼前缘结构抗鸟撞性能进行仿真分析。计算结果得到了张力层展开的位移、撞击最大接触力、鸟体动能下降百分比等几方面数据。结果表明：在同等条件下复合材料张力蒙皮结构与普通机翼蒙皮相比,能更好地防止鸟体穿透机翼蒙皮,证明可用于机翼结构的抗鸟撞设计中。     

基于适航符合性要求的T12传感器鸟撞设计优化

T12传感器用于实时测量风扇进口特定截面的总温,在技术要求上有着区别于其他传感器的显著特点:因其暴露在进气道内,故该传感器除了要满足基本的总温测量功能性能要求外,还需要具备一定的防冰能力及抗鸟撞能力,在航空发动机适航规定中对该传感器的防冰和抗鸟撞要求有相关描述。在考虑该传感器同时具备基本功能和防冰性能的基础上,基于航空发动机适航规定对T12传感器的抗鸟撞设计进行相关讨论。首先使用HyperMesh软件对T12传感器初期几何模型建立有限元模型,然后使用LS-DYNA显式有限元分析软件进行规定工况下的鸟撞计算分析。通过对初期模型鸟撞仿真计算分析结果的观察,对传感器进行有针对性的结构优化,并且对优化后的设计方案进行仿真验证,通过验证,表明本次结构优化设计是有效的,基本符合预定要求。     

基于神经网络的鸟撞预测模型应用研究

通过对某机场地理环境、生境、鸟类及鸟类活动、鸟情信息进行综合分析,在收集、规范、完善鸟情数据集的基础上,文中给出了鸟情数据预处理方法,提出了一种基于神经网络的鸟撞预测模型,确定了鸟撞预测模型输入、输出参数,并分别采用BP神经网络和径向基网络(RBF)两种方式建立预测模型.运用Matlab对两个预测模型性能进行仿真实验,仿真实验结果表明BP神经网络比RBF神经网络预测具有更高精度、更小误差.最后,通过机场实际观察数据对训练好的鸟撞模型做仿真预测,结果进一步验证了BP神经网络鸟撞预测模型具有很好的预测效果     

旋转叶片鸟撞动态应变测量系统设计

为了解决旋转叶片鸟撞时动态应变测量困难的问题,提出一种基于在线检测和高速暂存的测量方法。通过实时在线检测,将鸟撞发生时全过程的应变量采集并高速存储在非易失性存储器中。重点设计多通道动态应变测量系统,包括检测存储单元和地面辅助装置,满足精度、速率要求,实现在线检测、高速存储和无线数据传输等功能。试验表明,系统具有较高的测量精度,能实时检测到鸟撞发生,最快以6通道200 kHz的速率采集和存储,并利用无线数据传输,满足旋转叶片鸟撞动态应变测量要求。     

基于耐撞性的前纵梁截面优化设计

前纵梁是偏置碰撞测试中重要的吸能部件之一。本文对前纵梁截面形状进行了优化设计,以提高前纵梁的耐撞性。根据前纵梁截面尺寸参数得到设计变量,构建响应面模型,利用遗传算法计算得到优化结果。将优化所得的截面尺寸应用于某三厢轿车40%偏置碰撞分析中,结果表明,前纵梁耐撞性显著提高,碰撞侧B柱加速度峰值有效降低,整车被动安全性能得到提升。     

飞机圆弧风挡鸟撞击问题有限元模拟

研究了飞机圆弧风挡受鸟撞击的问题.基于飞机圆弧风挡玻璃受鸟体撞击的实验观察,首次建立了国产某型军用飞机圆弧风挡及其相关部件的全尺寸有限元分析模型.利用流固耦合方法分析了圆弧风挡受鸟撞击问题.计算结果得到了风挡整体结构的变形、位移、应变、应力等几方面的数据,给出了不同速度下撞击力随时间的变化曲线,给出了圆弧风挡在经受鸟体撞击时发生破坏的可能位置.研究结果表明,该圆弧风挡满足工程设计的需要,数值模拟与实验相应结果吻合较好,说明模拟工作的有效性.同时数值模拟结果为研制新机型提供了有价值的数据.     

形变体仿真中材质本构模型的应用与设计综述

本构模型是形变体仿真中最重要的因素之一,现有的基本的本构模型的应力应变关系具有一定的局限性,形变行为比较单一.近年来,很多研究工作探讨如何设计更加复杂并满足设计师需求的材质模型.本文将材质模型分为三类,传统的具有单一材质属性的均质材质、具有复合结构的非均质材质以及根据基本材质模型通过编辑材质参数和结构以及编辑形变行为的材质模型.此外,我们梳理近年来材质本构模型方面的研究成果,分类总结相关技术及其优缺点,最后讨论并指出形变体仿真中本构模型应用与设计领域主要的技术挑战和需要进一步探索的方向.     

基于ANSYS/LS-DYNA的返回舱海面撞水动力研究

在理论分析刚形体垂直撞水动力特性的基础上,分别推导出基于von Karman理论和通用Wagner理论的圆球底返回舱撞水冲击过载公式.然后借助ANSYS/LS-DYNA动力显式程序中ALE算法的优势,进行返回舱海向垂直撞水动力数值仿真;针对数值仿真结果和理论分析预报结果的比较分析来验证数值仿真的可行性,同时给出数值计算弹性体模型垂直撞水的撞水冲击过载;结果表明:采用ANSYS/LS-DYNA的ALE算法可以有效地数值模拟返回舱撞水动力特性,为进一步控制返回舱海面回收以及数值分析撞水动力特性提供有力的技术支持,且大大节约了试验经费.     

Optimization strategies for non-linear material parameters identification in metal forming problems

The quality of Finite Element Analysis (FEM) results relies on the input data, such as the material constitutive models. In order to achieve the best material parameters for the material constitutive models assumed a priori to represent the material, parameter identification inverse problems are considered. These inverse problems attempt to lead to the most accurate results with respect to physical experiments, i.e. minimizing the difference between experimental and numerical results.In this work three constitutive models were considered, namely, a non-linear elastic–plastic hardening model, a hyperelastic model -more specifically the Ogden model- and an elasto-viscoplastic model with isotropic and kinematic work-hardening.For the determination of the best suited material parameter set, two different optimization algorithms were used: (i) the Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm, which is gradient-based and (ii) a real search-space evolutionary algorithm (EA).The robustness and efficiency of classical single-stage optimization methods can be improved with new optimization strategies. Strategies such as cascade, parallel and hybrid approaches are analysed in detail. In hybrid strategies, cascade and parallel approaches are integrated. These strategies were implemented and analysed for the material parameters determination of the above referred material constitutive models.It was observed that the developed strategies lead to better values of the objective function when compared with the single-stage optimizers.     

翼型气动特性的集成优化方法

为减少汽车翼型气动特性的数值仿真计算量并提高优化效率,利用Isight和拉丁超立方抽样得到实验矩阵并进行数值仿真,基于仿真结果建立近似模型,使用进化算法进行全局优化．结果表明：该集成优化方法能得出合理的翼型安装参数,而且仅依赖于近似模型的优化过程就能根据不同的约束条件和优化目标快速得出合理的结果,显著缩短优化周期．     

Inversion of vegetation canopy reflectance models for estimating agronomic variables. I. Problem definition and initial results using the suits model

An important but relatively uninvestigated problem in remote sensing is the inversion of vegetative canopy reflectance models to obtain agrophysical parameters, given measured reflectances. The problem is here formally defined and its solution outlined. Numerical nonlinear optimization techniques are used to implement this inversion to obtain the leaf area index using Suits' canopy reflectance model. The results for a variety of cases indicate that this can be done successfully using infrared reflectances at different views or azimuth angles or a combination thereof. The other parameters of the model must be known, although reasonable measurement errors can be tolerated without seriously degrading the accuracy of the inversion. The application of the technique to ground based remote-sensing experiments is potentially useful, but is limited to the degree to which the canopy reflectance model can accurately predict observed reflectances.     

Development of parallel software for resolving the 3D task about the origin of the Tornado according to the Nikolaevskii theory

The aim of the paper is to develop a scalable parallel program for numerical solution of the equation set that simulates processes and origin conditions of intensive atmospheric vortices (IAV) in 3D compressible atmosphere based on the theory of mesovortice turbulence by Nikolaevskii. The original system of nonlinear differential equations and its boundary and initial conditions are considered in the paper. The difference scheme with required precision is selected. The parameters’ restrictions are also formulated. The structure of parallel software that performs computations on a high-performance cluster is considered. The problems of the software’s optimization in order to improve its scalability are discussed. The results of numerical calculations are considered in summary.     

A procedure of parameter inversion for a nonlinear constitutive model of soils with shield tunneling

The identification of the parameters of a nonlinear constitutive model of soil mass is based on an inverse analysis procedure, which consists of minimizing the objective function representing the difference between the experimental data and the calculated data of the mechanical model. A gradient-based optimization algorithm is developed for estimating model parameters of soils in earth pressure balance (EPB) shield tunneling. The parameter values of the nonlinear constitutive model are searched for by using the Levenberg–Marquardt approximation which can provide fast convergence. The parameter identification results illustrate that the proposed parameter inversion procedure has not only higher computing efficiency but also better identification accuracy. The results from the model are compared with simulated observations. The models are found to have good predictive ability and are expected to be very useful for estimating model parameters for soils in EPB shield tunneling.     

Structural optimization of the cross-beam of a gantry machine tool based on grey relational analysis

Crossbeam structural design of gantry machine tool is a multi-level, multi-index and multi-scheme decision-making problem. In order to solve the above problem, the optimum seeking model of crossbeam structure was built through using the grey relational analysis and Analytic Hierarchy Process. The finite element analysis of the static and dynamic performance parameters for four kinds of crossbeam structural schemes designed had been done, and the optimal design scheme was selected by using the optimum seeking model. After conducting sensitivity analysis for the optimal crossbeam selected, the reasonable design variables were obtained, and the dynamic optimization design model of crossbeam was established. Six groups of non-inferior solutions were obtained after solving the optimization design model. The optimal solution was selected from the non-inferior solution set through using the crossbeam structural optimization method based on grey relational analysis again, which makes the crossbeam’s dynamic performance improving greatly. The dynamic experiments on the crossbeams before and after optimization design were conducted, then the experimental results show that the first four order natural frequencies of the crossbeam increase 17.56 %, 19.36 %, 17.04 % and 19.58 % respectively, which proves that the structural optimization design method based on grey relational analysis proposed in this paper is reasonable and practicable.     

风暴潮数值模式的并行化

实现了风暴潮数值模式基于MPI的并行化;根据该模式数值计算的特点提出了一种并行求解三对角方程组的新方法,相对于传统算法编程简单而且并行效率更高;负载平衡是并行程序性能优化首先要解决的问题,以水格点的个数作为任务分解的标准,实现了较好的负载平衡,相比水陆格点不作区分的分解方法性能有明显的提高;在SMP平台上使用8个CPU时加速比可以达到7.0,在集群平台上为6.5。     

EFAST Method for Global Sensitivity Analysisof Remote Sensing Model’s Parameters

Sensitivity analysis for parameters of remote sensing physical models is a prerequisite for inversion.The EFAST(Extended Fourier Amplitude Sensitivity Test)as a global sensitivity analysis method,can analyze not only a single parameter’s sensitivity but also the coupling effects among parameters.It is usually applied to analyse parameters’ sensitivity of the high-dimensional nonlinear models.In this paper,the SAIL model is taken as an example,the EFAST method and the field measured data of winter wheat in Shunyi district in 2001 were applied to analyze the model parameters’ sensitivity throughout the growing season and in different growth stages respectively.The results are compared with those of the USM (Uncertainty and Sensitivity Matrix) method.The results show that either the EFAST or the USM method for parameters’ sensitivity analysis of the SAIL model is feasible;but the EFAST method,which takes into account of the coupling effects among all the parameters and the analysis result is global,compared to the USM method,is more objective and comprehensive.     

Diagnosis of wiring networks using Particle Swarm Optimization and Genetic Algorithms

The performances of Particle Swarm Optimization and Genetic Algorithm have been compared to develop a methodology for wiring network diagnosis allowing the detection, localization and characterization of faults. Two complementary steps are addressed. In the first step the direct problem is modeled using RLCG circuit parameters. Then the Finite Difference Time Domain method is used to solve the telegrapher’s equations. This model provides a simple and accurate method to simulate Time Domain Reflectometry responses. In the second step the optimization methods are combined with the wire propagation model to solve the inverse problem and to deduce physical information’s about defects from the reflectometry response. Several configurations are studied in order to demonstrate the applicability of each approach. Further, in order to validate the obtained results for both inversion techniques, they are compared with experimental measurements.     

Shape optimization with computational fluid dynamics

In many product design and development applications, computational fluid dynamics CFD has become a useful analytical simulation tool. CFD simulations are quite useful in predicting several response parameters for a given design condition. However, like any analysis tool CFD simulations provide limited insight into the design space and the changes needed to find the optimum design parameters.This paper deals with the shape optimization of fluid flows using CFD and numerical optimization techniques. By integrating a commercial optimization code with a CFD code, a CFD shape optimization tool was developed. To study the effectiveness of the developed tool and its ability to produce results with reasonable CPU time, the shape optimization of an airfoil and S-shaped duct are studied with different numbers of design variables. The developed shape optimization tool along with the optimization and CPU time results are discussed.