铁铕共掺杂的TiO_2空心微球的制备及光催化活性

通过溶胶-凝胶法制备铁铕共掺杂的TiO_2(Fe~(3+)-Eu~(3+)/TiO_2)空心微球,采用XRD、TEM、BET和XPS等对样品进行表征,以亚甲基蓝(MB)的光催化降解为目标反应,评价其光催化活性。结果表明:SiO_2微球表面均匀地包覆了1层TiO_2,超声有利于提高SiO_2@TiO_2复合微球间的分散性,同时也发现煅烧前对SiO_2@TiO_2复合微球进行研磨处理后所得的Fe~(3+)-Eu~(3+)/TiO_2空心微球部分塌陷,而未研磨和煅烧后研磨所得Fe~(3+)-Eu~(3+)/TiO_2空心微球完整性较好。XRD和BET分析表明,Fe~(3+)-Eu~(3+)/TiO_2空心微球为锐钛矿且具有良好的介孔结构,铁铕共掺杂在TiO_2空心微球中产生协同作用,使Fe3+-Eu3+/TiO2空心微球的粒径进一步减小,比表面积增大。当Fe~(3+)的掺杂量为1.0%、Eu~(3+)的掺杂量为0.5%时,Fe~(3+)-Eu~(3+)/TiO_2空心微球的光催化活性最高。     

SiO2@TiO2核壳结构及其在高温下的隔热性能表征（英文）

以SiO2@TiO2核壳结构粒子为新型功能填料,采用旋涂方法制得了高温隔热涂层.TEM照片显示通过溶胶-凝胶法,成功在SiO2核上包覆上厚度为50 nm的TiO2壳层.通过自开发的测试设备表征了填料加入前后涂层在1300~1500℃的隔热性能.结果表明:SiO2@TiO2核壳结构粒子加入后,隔热涂层能将从热源辐射出的热流减少50%,在热源温度达1500℃时涂层试样的表背温度差为260℃.加入SiO2@TiO2核壳粒子的涂层在高温下隔热效果明显,是一种很有前景的高温隔热涂层填料.     

ZnS包覆 SiO2核壳和空腔结构纳米球制备研究

ZnS包覆SiO2三维核壳结构或空腔结构纳米球可用于光子晶体的组装.本实验采用层层自组装法,利用二氧化硅模板表面的静电作用吸附纳米晶粒子,生成纳米晶包覆层,制备核壳结构的SiO2@ZnS和SiO2@ZnS：Mn^2＋纳米球.控制氢氟酸对二氧化硅的蚀刻程度,制备了空腔型硫化锌纳米球.采用XRD、UV、PL、TEM、SEM、AFM等测试手段对核壳结构和空腔型硫化锌纳米球进行了表征.结果表明ZnS纳米晶包覆SiO2后,在其表面形成了包裹紧密、形貌规整、粒径均一的ZnS壳层;经5%氢氟酸蚀刻得到的空腔纳米球结构完好、厚度均匀.     

硬脂酸/SiO2纳米微胶囊复合相变材料的制备及储热性能的研究

采用分步合成法将硬脂酸填充到SiO2空球内,制备硬脂酸/SiO微胶囊复合相变材料,并采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和差示扫描量热法(DSC)等分析测试手段对复合材料的结构和储热性能进行了表征.结果表明,该纳米微胶囊复合相变材料具有直径约220nm的规则形貌和良好的储热性能.此外,热的传导和抑制过冷...     

SiO_2空心纳米微球的合成

为了改善聚合物粒子与SiO2粒子之间的亲和力及SiO2粒子在聚合物粒子表面的吸附,首先使用共单体4-乙烯基吡啶(4VP)功能化苯乙烯(PS)粒子,合成了聚(苯乙烯-共-4-乙烯基吡啶)(P(St-4VP))粒子。然后在NH4OH/乙醇介质中,将溶胶-凝胶法生成的SiO2粒子包覆在P(St-4VP)粒子表面,聚合物核被溶解得到SiO2空心纳米微球。随着P(St-4VP)粒子中共单体4VP含量以及正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)用量增加,SiO2空心纳米微球的壳层厚度增加,且壳层表面变得粗糙。随着PVP用量增加,SiO2空心纳米微球的平均尺寸下降,其壳层从松散粗糙变得致密光滑。NH4OH用量增加对SiO2空心纳米微球尺寸和形态的影响不大。     

Electrochemical sensor for detecting ultratrace nitroaromatic compounds using mesoporous SiO2-modified electrode

An electrochemical sensor for ultratrace nitroaromatic compounds (NACs) using mesoporous SiO2 of MCM-41 as sensitive materials is reported. MCM-41 was synthesized and characterized by scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscopy, and small-angle X-ray diffraction. Glassy carbon electrodes modified with MCM-41 show high sensitivity for cathodic voltammetric detection of NACs (including 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene (TNB), 2,4-dinitrotoluene, and 1,3-dinitrobenzene) down to the nanomolar level. The high sensitivity is attributed to the strong adsorption of NACs by MCM-41 and large surface area of the working electrode resulting from MCM-41 modification. The voltammetric response is fast, and the detection of NACs can be finished within 14 s. SiO2 nanospheres were similarly used to modify glassy carbon electrodes for electrochemical detection of TNT and TNB. The detection limit of SiO2 nanosphere-modified electrodes is lower than that of MCM-41-modified electrodes, possibly due to the smaller surface area of SiO2 nanospheres than mesoporous MCM-41. The results show mesoporous SiO2-modified glassy carbon electrodes, particularly MCM-41-modified electrodes, open new opportunities for fast, simple, and sensitive field analysis of NACs.     

CS/PAA包覆SiO2纳米微球的制备及性能研究

采用溶液聚合法成功制备壳聚糖与聚丙烯酸（CS/PAA）纳米微球。将壳聚糖直接溶解于丙烯酸溶液中,在N2保护下,加入引发剂引发聚合,在反应后期再加入戊二醛引发壳聚糖表面交联致密,即得所需要的纳米微球,在此基础上,制备了CS/PAA包覆SiO2纳米微球,并运用SEM、TEM、XRD、FTIR和PL等技术进行形貌、分散性及荧光性能表征,简单探讨其形成机理。     

SiO2空心微球的制备与表征

以自制的微米级碳酸钙颗粒为模板,正硅酸乙酯为硅源,通过溶胶-凝胶方法合成出CaCO3/SiO2核壳结构;随后通过高温煅烧、酸浸和干燥处理,制备出圆形度高、分散性好、结构完整的微米级SiO2空心球。并利用SEM、XRD、FTIR、TG和压缩实验等方法对空心微球的形貌、结构和抗压强度进行了分析和测定。SiO2空心微球的粒径为2-5μm,壳层厚度为0.42-0.85μm,比表面积为554.01m^2/g,最可几孔径为1.7nm,抗压强度在20~30MPa之间。     

Co3O4中空纳米球的可控制备及气敏性能

以碳纳米球为模板,采用硬模板法制得多孔Co_3O_4中空纳米球。分别采用SEM、XRD、FTIR、BET和XPS对Co_3O_4纳米球的形貌和结构进行表征。通过改变前驱体浓度和陈化反应时间调控Co_3O_4中空纳米球的空间结构及气敏性能。结果表明:在前驱体浓度为0.1mol/L、陈化时间为48h时,得到的Co_3O_4中空纳米球的表面呈疏松多孔结构。Co_3O_4中空纳米球直径约为500nm,由40nm的Co_3O_4纳米粒子组成。室温下,由该材料组装的气敏传感器对浓度为100×10^-6～0.5×10^-6的NH_3有较好的气敏性能;对浓度为100×10^-6的NH_3响应灵敏度高达155.8%,响应时间为1.3s。该气体传感器对NH_3的最低检测限为0.5×10^-6。     

TiO_2纳米管/介孔SiO_2复合膜的制备及生物活性研究

以表面构筑了TiO2纳米管阵列的金属钛为基底,采用溶胶-凝胶工艺和浸渍-提拉技术涂覆介孔SiO2薄膜,构建了TiO2纳米管/介孔SiO2复合膜。利用SAXRD、FTIR、HRTEM和FESEM等表征样品的结构和微观形貌。研究表明,在高度有序、规整排列的TiO2纳米管阵列基底上,利用溶胶-凝胶工艺和浸渍-提拉技术涂覆有六方相介孔SiO2薄膜的复合膜具有良好的生物活性。     

Improvement of anti-oxidation properties of carbon fibers by SiC/SiO2 ceramic coating

To improve the anti-oxidation properties of carbon fibers (CFs), the sol-gel method followed by pyrolysis was used to coat CFs with SiC/SiO2 ceramic coatings. The SiO2 sol-gel coating was performed by dip coating a PAN(polyacrylonitrile)-based stabilized fiber (PSF) in a silica sol prepared by the polycondensation of tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) in the presence of an acidic catalyst. The PSF coated with SiO2 sol then underwent heat treatments at high temperatures in an inert atmosphere to deposit the SiC/SiO2 and carbonize the deposited fibers. The surface morphology of the CFs deposited with SiC/SiO2 was characterized using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The relative oxidation resistance of the SiC/SiO2 layer deposited on the CFs was determined by the weight loss due to the use of a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) under flowing air, and the data were used to calculate the activation energies through an Arrhenius plot.     

Facile synthesis of hollow carbon nanospheres from hollow chitosan nanospheres

Hollow carbon nanospheres (HCNS) with large surface area were synthesized from hollow chitosan nanospheres by one-step pyrolysis with a relatively low temperature (550 degrees C). The resulted HCNS is fully carbonized and partially graphitized under the experiment conditions. It is an important and facile method to prepare the uniform, shape- and size-controlled carbon nanomaterials by carbonization of the natural polysaccharide compounds and their derivatives. The as-prepared HCNS has a narrow size distribution in hollow carbon nanospheres (about 53 nm). The structure and size of HCNS are reproducible and could be tunable by changing the preparation conditions. The characterizations to estimate the composition, decompose properties, crystalline form, structure and surface property of the HCNS were investigated using FT-IR spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction measurement (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis, and the N2 adsorption-desorption isothermal process. The present preparation method makes it feasible to synthesize carbon nanospheres in abundance in the lab, and the synthesized HCNS could be a promising support for metal catalysts, an ideal matrix connecting with DNA or other bioactive substances.     

Fabrication and characterization of Ag-SiO2 composite hollow nanospheres

Ag-SiO₂ composite hollow nanospheres were synthesized by impregnation of hollow silica nanospheres (HSNSs), which were prepared by templating CaCO₃ nanoparticles, in [Ag(NH₃)₂]NO₃ aqueous solution followed by heat treatment. The straightforward process generates composite materials containing Ag nanoparticles, with the average size of 6–10 nm in diameter, uniformly dispersed and mainly distributed on the shells or between the spaces of the HSNSs. The Ag-supported HSNSs were characterized through TEM, EDS, and XPS. Furthermore, ASS, XRD and UV-Vis analyses demonstrated that higher loading efficiency could be achieved under the optimum loading conditions of a silver precursor solution of 0.08 M, pH = 9.0 and HSNSs with a BET surface area of 830.4 m²/g.     

Solvothermal synthesis of solid and hollow CoO nanospheres and their electrochemical properties in lithium-ion battery

Solid and hollow CoO nanospheres were synthesized by solvothermal method with oleic acid as reactant and SiO₂ as template. Each sample of high-purity CoO was characterized by X-ray diffraction, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron energy spectroscopy, respectively. Both solid and hollow CoO nanospheres as anode for lithium-ion battery were tested by galvanostatic discharge–charge experiments. The first discharge capacity of 1598 and 1640 mAh g^?1 was obtained at 0.1C for solid and hollow CoO nanospheres, respectively. Hollow CoO nanospheres showed better cycle performance.     

纳米SiO2/纤维素复合材料的非均相制备及其性能

采用硅酸四乙酯(TEOS)作为无机前聚物,纤维素为有机组分,利用溶胶-凝胶法在非均相乙醇溶液中制备了纳米SiO₂/纤维素复合材料。通过傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)、透射电镜(TEM)和热重分析(TGA)对复合材料的形貌、结构以及热稳定性进行表征。讨论了SiO₂含量对材料力学性能的影响。研究了主要因素碱催化剂氨水对纤维素与SiO₂复合效果的影响。结果表明,纳米复合材料的弹性模量、拉伸强度随SiO₂含量的增加先增加后减少,质量分数分别为3.1％、10.6％时弹性模量、拉伸强度达到最大。氨水加入量为3.70×10-4 mol/L时,纤维素与SiO₂的复合效果最佳。非均相制备的纳米SiO₂/纤维素复合材料同样也明显提高了纤维素材料的疏水性、热稳定性和力学性能。     

水热微乳液法制备锂离子阳极材料CoS2纳米空心球

通过自制的纳米苯丙乳液粒子为吸附载体,以CoCl·6H2O和CS2为原料,在100℃水热条件下,于微乳液粒子表面反应6h制备出了CoS2空心纳米球.利用X射线粉末衍射仪(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对产物进行了表征.结果表明,所得产物为纯相的立方晶系CoS2空心纳米球,直径约120nm....     

溶胶-凝胶法制备含氟聚丙烯酸酯/SiO2杂化材料的结构与性能

用酸催化溶胶-凝胶法制得SiO2溶胶,与丙烯酸酯单体原位聚合,制备了含氟聚丙烯酸酯/SiO2杂化材料。利用红外光谱、场发射扫描电镜、X射线光电子能谱等表征了杂化材料的结构、形态及表面化学组成;研究了SiO2相的形态、分布和界面状况等与杂化材料的表面性能、热学性能和力学性能的关联与影响。结果表明,SiO2在杂化体系中以Si-O网络的形式存在,并与有机相之间有良好键合;杂化材料的疏水性、热稳定性和硬度随着SiO2含量的增加逐渐增强,附着力则先增大后减小。     

静电纺丝技术制备TiO2/SiO2复合中空纳米纤维与表征

用静电纺丝技术成功制备出复合中空 TiO 2/ SiO 2纳米纤维。用动态热分析仪、 红外光谱仪、X射线衍射仪、 扫描电镜、 透射电镜和 X射线能谱仪等分析技术对样品进行了表征。分析结果表明 , 得到的产物为复合中空TiO 2/ SiO 2纳米纤维 , 以非晶 SiO 2为外壳 , 内壁由粒径为 50 nm的晶态 TiO 2粒子组成 , 复合中空纳米纤维平均直径 2μm , 长度 > 100μm。讨论了复合中空纳米纤维的形成机制 , 复合纤维在烧结过程中 , 芯层 TiO 2纳米粒子向外表面扩散 , 与壳层 SiO 2粒子形成新化学键 , 得到复合中空纳米纤维。     

Microwave absorption enhancement of multifunctional composite microspheres with spinel Fe3 O4 Cores and Anatase TiO2 shells

Multifunctional composite microspheres with spinel Fe(3)O(4) cores and anatase TiO(2) shells (Fe(3)O(4)@TiO(2)) are synthesized by combining a solvothermal reaction and calcination process. The size, morphology, microstructure, phase purity, and magnetic properties are characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution TEM, selected-area electron diffraction, electron energy loss spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction, and superconducting quantum interference device magnetometry. The results show that the as-synthesized microspheres have a unique morphology, uniform size, good crystallinity, favorable superparamagnetism, and high magnetization. By varying the experimental conditions such as Fe(3)O(4) size and concentration, microspheres with different core sizes and shell thickneses can be readily synthesized. Furthermore, the microwave absorption properties of these microspheres are investigated in terms of complex permittivity and permeability. By integration of the chemical composition and unique structure, the Fe(3)O(4)@TiO(2) microspheres possess lower reflection loss and a wider absorption frequency range than pure Fe(3)O(4). Moreover, the electromagnetic data demonstrate that Fe(3)O(4@TiO(2) microspheres with thicker TiO(2) shells exhibit significantly enhanced microwave absorption properties compared to those with thinner TiO(2) shells, which may result from effective complementarities between dielectric loss and magnetic loss. All the results indicate that these Fe(3)O(4)@TiO(2) microspheres may be attractive candidate materials for microwave absorption applications.     

High-yield room temperature route to copper sulfide hollow nanospheres and their electrochemical properties

CuS hollow nanospheres have been successfully synthesized in high yield by reacting anhydrous cupric sulfate (CuSO(4)·5H(2)O) with thioacetamide (TAA) in ethylene glycol (EG) with the assistance of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). The products were characterized systematically by XRD, EDX, FESEM, TEM and BET measurement and size analysis, CV, LSV and CP. FESEM and TEM images revealed that the as-prepared CuS hollow nanospheres had a mean diameter of about 500 nm with a hollow cavity of about 340 nm and shell thickness of about 80 nm. The spheres were constructed by numerous nanoflakes. The Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area of the as-synthesized products was measured to be 99.77 m(2)g(-1). The Barrett-Joyner-Halenda (BJH) model analysis showed that the as-prepared CuS materials had a main pore size distribution of around 25 nm. CV curves, LSV of CuS for oxygen electroreduction and CP curves showed that the as-prepared CuS nanospheres were potential candidates which can be used as cathode catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in alkaline media.