中国塑料专利

<正>专利名称:一种聚乙烯/改性纳米氧化镁复合材料及其制备方法申请公布号:CN109422949A申请公布日:2019.03.05本发明公开了一种聚乙烯/改性纳米氧化镁复合材料,还公开了其制备方法,包括:(1)将一定比例的纳米氧化镁和硅烷偶联剂混合,加入醇溶剂中,室温条件下超声处理15～30 min,于50～80℃条件下进行球磨60～90 min,获得改性纳米氧化镁;(2)将聚乙烯加入甲苯中,在100～130℃温度下搅拌反应30～60 min,得到聚乙烯溶液;(3)将步骤(1)中的改性纳米氧化镁加入步     

碳酸氢镁溶液增浓的研究

碳酸氢镁溶液热解能耗占整个白云石碳化法制取钙镁盐产品工艺能耗的45%左右。为了降低热解能耗,通过优化碳化工艺条件,以提高碳酸氢镁溶液浓度。通过正交试验对碳化温度、白云石灰乳中氧化镁质量浓度、二氧化碳气体流量、过碳化时间进行较为系统的研究。在碳化温度为10℃、白云石灰乳中氧化镁质量浓度为16.60 g/L、二氧化碳气体流量为433.04 L/h、过碳化时间为10 m in时,白云石灰浆碳化所得碳酸氢镁溶液中氧化镁质量浓度为18.79 g/L,远大于目前工业生产中5~8 g/L的水平,为白云石碳化工艺的节能降耗提供依据。     

高镁磷尾矿碳化法制备碱式碳酸镁研究

以高镁磷尾矿为原料,采用碳化法对高镁磷尾矿中的磷、镁、钙进行分离,经过煅烧、消化、碳化、热解处理等工序得到碱式碳酸镁和磷精矿。实验结果表明：将高镁磷尾矿煅烧后的消化料浆先进行常压碳化然后进行加压碳化,加压碳化条件为料浆氧化镁质量浓度为12.0~13.5 g/L、二氧化碳分压为0.18 MPa、碳化终点温度为25 ℃,在此条件下镁的回收率达到87%~90%,得到的磷精矿五氧化二磷质量分数达到28%~30%,磷的回收率为60%~65%;将两步碳化后得到的重镁水进行热解,热解条件为重镁水氧化镁质量浓度为10~12 g/L、真空度为0.085 MPa、热解温度为60 ℃、热解时间为50 min,在此条件下所得滤液氧化镁质量浓度为0.7 g/L,镁的回收率为93%。以高镁磷尾矿为原料,采用碳化法制得碱式碳酸镁,经分析产品质量符合HG/T 2959—2010《工业水合碱式碳酸镁》的要求。采用碳化法处理高镁磷尾矿,磷、镁回收率高。此方法为中国高镁磷尾矿的回收利用提供了一条行之有效的技术途径。     

纳米氧化镁的制备及降解性能

以六水氯化镁和氨水为主要原料制备纳米氧化镁,通过正交试验考察了Mg²⁺浓度、分散剂PEG-400用量、反应温度、陈化时间和缓冲剂冰醋酸的用量5个因素对晶粒粒径的影响,确定了纳米氧化镁的最佳工艺参数：缓冲剂冰醋酸用量为0.015 mol,Mg²⁺浓度为0.4 mol/L, 分散剂用量为5 mL,反应温度为60 ℃,反应时间为0 h,煅烧温度为550 ℃,煅烧时间为2 h。分析了单因素对纳米氧化镁晶粒的影响。选用对氧磷测试纳米氧化镁的吸附降解性,1 μL的对氧磷在5 min内被0.4 g氧化镁降解吸附了99.19%。1 g纳米氧化镁可降解吸附对氧磷194.9 mg。     

二氧化碳法制备纳米级氧化锌工艺研究与生产实践

以锌泥为原料,采用二氧化碳法制备纳米级氧化锌,考察了锌泥乳化、碱锌合成、干燥煅烧等工艺过程,结果表明:在锌浆固液质量比为1/4,反应温度80℃,反应压力0.8 MPa,搅拌速度1 000 r/min,碳化时间90 min,煅烧温度400℃,煅烧时间120 min条件下,得到的纳米级氧化锌产品粒径小于50 nm,比表面积在50 m2/g以上,应用该工艺建成了1套产能3 000 t/a的生产装置.     

钢铁件磷化-氧化复合处理工艺及膜层性能

将钢铁件磷化与氧化(双槽)两大工艺结合起来,开发了一种新型转化膜生产工艺。磷化液配方和工艺条件为:磷酸二氢锌30~40 g/L,硝酸锌90~120 g/L,硝酸锰10~20 g/L,总酸80~90点,游离酸2~3点,常温,时间10 min。第一槽氧化液配方和工艺条件为:NaOH 550~600 g/L,NaNO_2 100~150 g/L,温度130~150℃,时间25~35 min。第二槽氧化液配方和工艺条件为:NaOH 600~650 g/L,NaNO_2 150~200 g/L,温度135~140℃,时间25~35 min。该复合转化膜具备磷化膜与氧化膜的优点,平整光滑,厚而耐腐蚀,经过长久磨损后依旧耐腐蚀。     

制备高纯氧化镁的工艺研究

以轻烧镁为原料，经消化、碳化、除杂、热解及煅烧制备出高纯氧化镁，并确定了适宜的工艺条件：活性炭用量为20g/L，时间60min；活性炭吸附除杂温度20℃，时间80min；热解温度100℃，时间20min，升温速率均匀缓慢；煅烧温度950℃。氧化镁产品中氧化镁质量分数可达99．5％，氧化钙质量分数小于0．09％，铁的质量分数小于0．05％，产品中粒度小于5μm的粒子质量分数达到72．3％。SEM分析表明，低温热解氧化镁为针状，高温热解氧化镁为球状。     

氧化镁纳米棒的制备与表征

以六水氯化镁和轻质氧化镁为原料,制备出碱式氯化镁纳米棒;再以碱式氯化镁纳米棒为前驱物,采用沉淀转化法制备出前驱物氢氧化镁纳米棒;再通过前驱物热分解法得到直径150～250 nm,长6～10μm的氧化镁单晶纳米棒。通过X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和选区电子衍射(SAED)对产物进行表征与分析,研究了煅烧条件对氧化镁纳米棒形貌的影响,得到了氧化镁纳米棒的最佳制备工艺条件为:煅烧温度400℃,煅烧时间1 h,升温速率3℃/min。     

水镁石-碱法制备重质氧化镁的研究

以水镁石和氢氧化钠为原料制备重质氧化镁。探究了原料配比、煅烧温度对氧化镁的表观密度、活性和形貌的影响。研究发现：通过控制原料配比和煅烧温度,可以制备出表观密度达到1 g/mL以上的胶囊状重质氧化镁,这是其他方法很难达到的。在氯化镁与氢氧化钠物质的量比为1∶（1.2~1.8）、煅烧温度为600~750 ℃条件下,制得氧化镁的表观密度最大,最高可达1.15 g/mL以上。而且制得的氧化镁晶型结构稳定,含杂质较少。     

纳米碳化钒/碳化铬的微波辅助合成及应用

以微米级氧化钒(V_2O_5)、氧化铬(Cr_2O_3)和纳米碳黑为原料,采用机械合金化及微波辅助加热法制备了纳米碳化钒/碳化铬复合粉末。利用XRD、XPS、TG-DSC、SEM、TEM和BET对产物进行了分析表征。结果表明,纳米碳化钒/碳化铬复合粉末的最佳合成条件为:碳的质量分数为35%,反应温度为900℃,保温时间为1 h。在该条件下的反应产物主要由V_3Cr_2C_5、Cr_2VC_2和Cr_3C_2组成,颗粒为球形或类球形,分散性较好,无明显团聚现象,平均颗粒尺寸约为50 nm,复合粉末的比表面积为115.53 m~2/g。添加纳米碳化钒/碳化铬复合粉末可以提高陶瓷结合剂cBN磨具的力学性能和磨削效率,并且对磨具有减摩作用,降低磨具的损耗。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。