高压脉冲电场和热处理对蓝莓汁品质的影响

以蓝莓汁为原料,比较了高压脉冲电场（PEF）杀菌和热力杀菌处理对蓝莓汁中微生物和理化指标的影响,以及不同处理的蓝莓汁在贮藏期间的品质变化规律。结果表明：PEF可以有效杀灭蓝莓汁中的微生物;PEF杀菌对蓝莓汁色泽参数影响程度小;杀菌处理后,贮藏期内PEF处理和热处理对蓝莓汁的还原糖、总酸、可溶性固形物含量、总酚含量影响较小,PEF处理较热处理能更好地保持蓝莓汁中的VC和花青素含量。     

高压脉冲电场杀菌技术在橙汁中的应用

食品冷杀菌技术是一类不用热能杀死微生物,不影响食品营养、质构、色泽和风味的新兴杀菌技术。主要阐述了高压脉冲电场杀菌（PEF）的基本原理和优点,讨论了其在橙汁中的应用,并对比了PEF处理和热处理（90℃,15s）对橙汁微生物的杀灭效果及橙汁理化指标的变化。     

高压脉冲电场对发酵型橙醋的杀菌及陈酿作用

用高压脉冲电场(PEF)对发酵型橙醋进行处理,研究了不同处理条件(时间、频率、脉宽和场强)下PEF对橙醋的杀菌效果,并与热处理对橙醋杀菌效果以及理化性质的影响进行了比较。同时通过对PEF作用的新酿橙醋及经1个月自然陈酿橙醋的风味成分的分析比较,考察PEF技术加速橙醋陈酿的可行性。结果显示,PEF与热处理相比,会对橙醋的理化性质有更好的保护作用;在最优杀菌条件(300μs、200Hz、2μs、25k V/cm)下,PEF对腐败菌的杀菌效果可达到5.24个对数,高于传统热处理杀菌的5.03个对数。GC-MS检测结果表明,经PEF处理的橙醋主要风味物质乙酸乙酯、乙酸异戊酯、3-甲基-1-丁醇、3-羟基-2-丁酮、苯乙醇等都有不同程度的增加,与自然陈酿趋势相同。研究结果表明PEF对橙醋具有良好的杀菌效果,并具有加速陈酿作用,在高品质醋加工中的应用前景非常广阔。     

脉冲电场在固体食品加工中的应用

脉冲电场(PEF)技术被视为21世纪食品非热加工技术发展史上的里程碑之一。迄今为止,PEF已广泛应用于果汁、牛奶和液态蛋等液体食品的杀菌和钝酶,并朝着商业化道路前进。然而,与PEF在液体食品中的应用相比,其在固体食品中的应用还处于起步阶段。固体食品的表面虽然也富含微生物,但PEF处理这类食品对微生物的影响较小,因此不能将其应用于固体食品的杀菌保鲜。仅管如此,PEF诱导的细胞电穿孔使其可作为一种预处理方法,通过增加质量和能量传递效率的方式来进行辅助固体食品的干燥、冻融、烹饪等。因此,本文重点介绍基于PEF细胞响应的高品质食品加工应用,总结PEF处理室的特点及PEF预处理固体食品的相关机理。最后,本文探讨了PEF在固体食品加工中的主要障碍和前景,为PEF未来在食品行业的发展拓宽研究方向。     

高压脉冲电场静态处理室的研制

高压脉冲电场(Pulsed Electric Field,PEF)是一项极具前景的食品非热杀菌技术,其处理关键部件——处理室直接影响杀菌效果。作者设计了电场分布均匀、处理物料容量可调、安全可靠的PEF处理室,应用该PEF处理室对接种大肠杆菌的液蛋进行杀菌,当电场强度为34.2 kV/cm处理时间为400μs时,原样品菌体浓度为106~107cfu/mL,大肠杆菌细菌数量降低了约5.05个对数,从而说明作者设计的静态处理室是可行的,可以进行杀菌钝酶等相关机理研究。     

等离子体活化水对沙门氏菌的灭活作用及机制研究

等离子体活化水（Plasma-activated water,PAW）是一种新兴的非热杀菌技术,在食品保鲜等领域具有广泛的应用前景。本文研究了PAW处理对沙门氏菌（S. typhimurium）的杀灭效果及其作用机制。将经等离子体放电30、60和90 s得到的PAW分别记为PAW30、PAW60和PAW90。结果表明,PAW对S. typhimurium的杀菌效果随放电时间的延长而逐渐增强。当初始浓度为7.91 lg CFU/mL时,PAW60处理10 min后S. typhimurium活菌数减少了4.22 lg CFU/mL。扫描电镜（Scanning electron microscope,SEM）结果表明,PAW60处理后S. typhimurium细胞形态发生明显变化。经PAW60处理后,S. typhimurium胞外核酸和蛋白含量均显著（P<0.05）升高,表明其细胞膜通透性显著（P<0.05）增强。此外,PAW60处理破坏了S. typhimurium细胞外膜完整性,造成胞内活性氧水平显著（P<0.05）升高。以上实验结果表明,PAW处理能够有效灭活S. typhimurium,其作用机理可能与其破坏细胞结构、增强细胞膜通透性等有关。研究结果为PAW在食品杀菌保鲜中的应用提供了科学理论依据。     

高压脉冲电场作用下亚致死酵母的存在与检测

为探究高压脉冲电场(PEF)对酿酒酵母的灭菌机理,研究了从亚细胞水平揭示PEF处理下的损伤亚致死酵母细胞的存在及产生规律。采用pH7.2的磷酸盐缓冲液(PBS)模拟体系,30 kV/cm电场强度下循环处理100～500μs,通过选择性培养基与非选择性培养基菌落计数对PEF处理前后亚致死酵母细胞进行了研究。结果显示,亚致死酵母的临界渗透压为4%NaCl,PEF处理后,酿酒酵母的亚致死率可达到4.5个对数,亚致死细胞数量达到1.5个对数,且亚致死程度随处理时间的延长而加大。选择性培养基可用于PEF处理过程中亚致死细胞的定量检测。     

高压脉冲电场杀菌机理及影响因素研究新进展及相关问题探讨

高压脉冲电场（PEF）杀菌技术有很好的处理效果,但存在着处理装置成本高、作用影响因素复杂、影响原因不明确等问题,要促进其向产业化应用的发展,必须明确影响机制,促进该技术应用的规范化,保证产品安全性.本文对高压脉冲电场杀菌技术的作用机理、杀菌作用影响因素及相关问题进行了综述与探讨.     

高压脉冲电场杀菌设备的能量利用

高压脉冲电场杀菌技术是目前的热门杀菌技术,但因杀菌成本的问题影响了其工业化进程。文章从波形能量利用率、处理室能量利用率的角度对PEF杀菌设备进行研究。结果表明:波形越接近于方波能量利用率越高,而电导率高的物料能量利用率明显高于低电导率的物料。通过增加处理室的功率可提高整体能量利用率。     

不同杀菌方法对蛋清物化性质的影响

本研究以蛋清液为基质,接种大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌和金黄色葡萄球菌后,比较了高密度CO2(DPCD)、高压脉冲电场(PEF)及热处理对这三种菌的杀灭效果以及对蛋清液物化性质的影响,结果表明:对于大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌,DPCD的杀菌效果最佳;热处理杀灭三种细菌达到2~3个对数值,效果优于PEF处理;未处理蛋清液货架期为2d左右,而经过DPCD、PEF和热处理杀菌后,可分别延长蛋清液的货架期至20、12、14d。DPCD、PEF和热处理也使得蛋清液的物化性质发生一定程度的变化。DPCD处理显著降低了蛋清液的pH及凝胶强度,并且使其电导率大大增加;PEF处理提高了蛋清液的黏度,降低了其凝胶强度,而热处理对其物化性质影响最大,降低了蛋清液的黏度,显著提高了其凝胶强度。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press     

INFOPRINT 2014 was Successfully Held in Dongguan

Sponsored by Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China （PEIAC） and organized by Print China magazine, the Seventeenth Beijing International Printing Information Conference （INFOPRINT 2014） was successfully held on 11th Dec. 2014 at Dongguan Exhibition International Hotel.