稀土对激光熔覆Co基合金组织及性能的影响

为了提高热镀锌生产线关键部件的使用寿命,采用激光熔覆技术在316L不锈钢表面制备了具有不同稀土氧化物含量的Co基熔覆层.利用扫描电子显微镜、能谱仪、X射线衍射仪和显微硬度计研究了稀土氧化物对Co基合金熔覆层显微组织、相结构、显微硬度的影响.结果表明,稀土氧化物使得Co基合金熔覆层的组织更为细化,且硬度更高.添加质量分数为0.5%的CeO_2后,Co基合金熔覆层的显微硬度高达900 HV.Co基稀土合金熔覆层主要由γ-Co、Cr_7C_3及相应稀土氧化物组成.稀土氧化物的加入有效延缓了由锌液沿微裂纹扩展引起的溶解腐蚀.添加质量分数为0.5%的CeO_2后,Co基合金熔覆层的腐蚀深度约为12μm,锌蚀过渡层平直且完整,耐锌蚀性优异.     

工具钢表面激光熔覆Co基合金涂层的组织及性能

通过送粉式激光熔覆在碳素工具钢(T10钢)表面制备了Co基合金熔覆涂层。利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)分析其微观结构和相组成。结果表明:熔覆层中主要有γ-Co相以及其他相,包括Cr23C6、Co7W6和CrNi。从熔池与基体界面到熔覆层表面存在不同的凝固形态,依次为平面晶(在界面处)、胞状晶和树枝晶。微观组织较细的树枝晶强化了熔覆层,因而激光熔覆层的显微硬度增加,耐腐蚀性提高。     

氩弧熔覆镍基自熔合金的工艺研究

采用氩弧熔覆工艺在Q235钢基体上获得了F102Fe镍基合金熔覆层.测试了涂层的硬度和耐腐蚀性，借助光学金相显微镜、扫描电子显微镜观察其显微组织，进而对熔覆工艺、合金组织及熔覆层性能之间的关系进行详细阐述.研究结果表明，采用氩弧熔覆工艺可以在Q235钢基表面上获得与基体结合良好、组织细密、具有较高硬度和耐蚀性的F102Fe合金熔覆层.在相同的情况下，增加电流强度或减少熔覆层的厚度，组织由共晶向亚共晶转变；随熔覆层的硬度、耐蚀性降低，塑性有所改善.     

20#钢表面镍基添Y2O3激光熔覆层及其高温磨损行为

采用激光熔覆法,在20#钢表面制备出添Y2O3的镍基合金粉末的熔覆涂层．分析了熔覆层的相组成、高温耐磨性能;观察了熔覆层显微形貌．结果表明：所制得的熔覆层组织均一、致密,与基体形成了良好的冶金结合．添加Y2O3的熔覆层硬度提高到基体的3．9倍,高温耐磨率仅是基体的1／4．熔覆层耐磨能力增强的主要原因是熔覆层与基体良好的冶金结合,镍基合金良好性能,组织细化以及硼化物、硼碳化物等析出相的强化作用．     

铝合金表面激光熔覆高硅涂层的组织与磨损性能

用7kW横流C02激光器在ZL101铝合金表面激光熔覆高硅涂层。探索不同激光功率熔覆对涂层质量的影响,分析涂层的微观组织,测试涂层的硬度和磨损性能。结果表明：在优化工艺参数下制备出的激光熔覆高硅涂层组织致密、无气孔和裂纹,激光熔覆层中存在大量初晶Si、α-Al树枝晶和共晶组织。涂层与基体结合区处呈现典型的外延生长特征,形成了良好的冶金结合。熔覆层的横截面硬度在HV150～320之间,是基体的2～3倍,并显著提高了基体的耐磨性能。     

W对Co基合金熔覆层组织和耐锌蚀性能的影响

为了提高热镀锌生产线关键部件的使用寿命并节约热镀锌成本,采用半导体激光器在316L不锈钢表面制备了具有不同成分的两种钴基合金熔覆层.分别对激光熔覆层的组织形貌、成分、相结构、显微硬度及耐锌蚀性能进行了研究.结果表明,W元素的加入使得熔覆层晶粒发生细化,熔覆层组织主要由γ-Co固溶体、Co_3Mo_2Si相和少量Cr_7C_3相组成,同时还生成了少量弥散分布的Co_6W_6C相.添加W元素后熔覆层的平均硬度可达986 HV,相比未添加W元素的Co基合金熔覆层约增加了114 HV,且约为316L不锈钢的4.5倍.与原Co基合金熔覆层相比,添加了W元素的Co基合金熔覆层中弥散分布的Co_6W_6C相使熔覆层耐锌蚀性能大幅度提高.     

激光熔覆钴基合金和Cr3C2/Co涂层的组织性能

运用5 kWCO2连续激光器在低碳钢表面激光熔覆Cr3C2／Co涂层．研究了其组织、结构、显微硬度及滑动磨损性能，并用激光熔覆钴基合金涂层(Co50)进行了对比试验。结果表明，Co50涂层的显微组织是以亚共晶方式结晶的枝晶组织,Cr3C2／Co涂层组织为未熔Cr3C2颗粒、长杆状、多边形块状Cr的碳化物及其间的细小的枝晶和共晶组织。Co50涂层的主要组成相是．γ-Co及(Cr，Fe)7C3，Cr3C2／Co涂层的主要组成相为．γ-Co，Cr7C3．Cr23C6和Cr3C2等。激光熔覆Cr3C2／Co涂层比Co50涂层具有更高的硬度和耐磨性。     

钛合金表面激光熔覆Cr3C2/Ni基合金复合涂层的微观组织

将质量分数为25％的Cr3C2／Ni基合金混合粉末预置在TCA合金表面，利用5kW横流CO2激光器进行激光熔覆试验，得到Ni基Cr3C2复合涂层．利用SEM和XRD对熔覆层的微观组织和相组成进行了分析，采用HXD—1000T数字式显微硬度计测量了熔覆层的硬度．结果表明，Ni＋Cr3C2复合涂层存在γ-Ni、TiC、CrTC扑M23（C，B）6和CrB等相，熔覆层硬度在600～900HV之间．     

冷作模具钢激光熔覆Ni基合金组织和性能研究

为提高Cr12MoV模具钢硬度和耐磨性,研究采用激光熔覆技术在其表面制备Ni基合金.研究结果表明,涂层显微组织为异向生长的树枝晶,涂层相结构为γ-(Fe, Ni)、Cr₇C₃、BNi₂以及Ni-Cr-Fe相.由于细晶强化、固溶强化和第二相强化作用,使熔覆层平均硬度比基体硬度提高了175%.涂层摩擦系数为0.2,明显小于基体(0.4),涂层的磨损体积较基体提高1个数量级.     

Q345钢等离子弧熔覆铁基合金涂层组织分析

在Q345钢基体上采用等离子弧熔覆Fe-Ni-Cr-B-Si和Fe-Cr-B-Si两种铁基粉末涂层,制备具有冶金结合的耐磨涂层。采用光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)等研究熔覆层的组织,采用X射线衍射仪对涂层进行物相分析,利用显微硬度计测试涂层的显微硬度分布。结果表明:Fe-Ni-Cr-B-Si熔覆层主要为柱状γ-Fe,局部区域为α-Fe和碳化物的网状的共晶组织;Fe-Cr-B-Si熔覆层组织主要为胞状晶,局部区域为网状的共晶组织。两种熔覆层与基材均实现了熔化冶金结合,熔覆层与母材呈联生方式长大,熔覆层的显微硬度可达500~570HV0.2,母材热影响区组织为马氏体和珠光体。     

包渗法制备硅化物涂层的结构形貌及形成机理

采用包渗法在C-103铌合金基体上制备MoSi2涂层,通过X射线衍射、扫描电镜和能谱分析等手段研究涂层表面、截面形貌以及氧化后涂层结构变化,并分析硅化过程中涂层的形成机理。研究结果表明：包渗法制备硅化物涂层是通过反应扩散形成的,硅化过程服从抛物线规律;该涂层为复合结构：MoSi2相为主体层;以NbSi2相为主、并含少量Nb5Si3相的两相为过渡区;Nb5Si3相为扩散层。在高温氧化环境下,涂层表面生成致密的非晶氧化层,有效地阻止了氧向涂层内扩散。     

铸铁等离子喷焊Stellite6钴基合金涂层的组织与性能

以Steilite6钴基合金粉末为原料,采用等离子喷焊技术,选择合适的工艺参数,在HT250基体上制备具有冶金结合的耐磨、耐热合金涂层．借助于OM、SEM、XRD观察分析涂层的组织,利用显微硬度计测试涂层的显微硬度分布,在磨损试验机上通过环一块磨损试验评估涂层的耐磨性能．结果表明：等离子喷焊涂层组织均匀细小,主要由γ-Co、（Cr,Fe）,C2相组成;涂层的显微硬度可达590～680HV。;在室温干滑动磨损条件下,基体试样的失重量约为涂层的5．5倍,表明涂层的耐滑动磨损性能明显提高．     

激光熔覆Cr3C2/Fe复合涂层的组织与磨损性能

采用5kWCO2连续激光器在低碳钢表面激光熔覆Fe基合金涂层（Fe55）及添加20%Cr3C（2质量分数）的Fe基合金复合涂层（Cr3C2/Fe）,研究了两种涂层的组织结构、显微硬度及耐滑动磨损性能。结果表明,Fe55涂层以亚共晶方式结晶,在初生柱状固溶体枝晶间存在大量的网状共晶组织。Cr3C2/Fe涂层中Cr3C2大部分溶解,原Fe55涂层中初生柱状固溶体枝晶产生等轴化,枝晶组织也明显细化。激光熔覆Fe55涂层主要由α-Fe和Cr23C6组成,Cr3C2/Fe涂层的主要组成相为γ-Fe;α-Fe,Cr23C6以及未熔Cr3C2。激光熔覆Cr3C2/Fe涂层的硬度和耐磨性明显优于Fe55涂层。     

Microstructure and wear resistance of in situ NbC particles reinforced Ni-based alloy composite coating by laser cladding

The in situ synthesized NbC particles reinforced Ni-based alloy composite coating was produced by laser cladding a precursor mixture of Ni-based alloy powder,graphite and niobium powders on a steel substrate.The microstructure,phase composition and wear property of the composite coating were investigated by means of scanning electron microscopy(SEM),X-ray diffraction(XRD)and dry sliding wear test.The experiment results show that the composite coating is homogeneous and free from cracks,and about 0.8 mm thick.The microstructure of the composite coating is mainly composed of NbC particles,CrB type chromium borides,γ-Ni primary dendrites,and interdendritic eutectics.CrB phases often nucleate and grow on the surface of NbC particles or in their close vicinity.NbC particles are formed via in situ reaction between niobium and graphite in the molten pool during the laser cladding process and they are commonly precipitated in three kinds of morphologies,such as quadrangle,cluster,and flower-like shape.Compared with the pure Ni-based alloy coating,the microhardness of the composite coating is increased about 38%,giving a high average hardness of HV0.21000,and the wear rate of the composite coating is decreased by about 32%,respectively.These are attributed to the presence of in situ synthesized NbC particles and their well distribution in the coating.     

碳纳米管增强钛铝基复合材料的组织与性能

采用激光熔铸技术制备碳纳米管增强钛铝合金复合材料,对铸块的组织、结构及断口形貌进行分析。结果表明：铸块的基体主相为TiAl,Ti3Al合金,碳纳米管细化了基体组织晶粒,适量的碳纳米管提高了材料的硬度和韧性,w（CNTs）=1．5％时,复合材料显微硬度（738HV）与相同条件下基体合金硬度（647HV）相比提高了14％,材料断口为韧性断裂。     

激光熔覆钛基复合涂层的显微组织和硬度分析

采用激光熔覆快速非平衡合成方法制备了原位反应合成TiB增强钛基复合材料.用Y2O3、Ti和B的混合粉末在Ti-6Al-4V基体表面激光熔覆制得TiB/Ti复合涂层.采用X线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能量散射光谱仪(EDS)和硬度测试等方法,研究了原位合成TiB/Ti复合涂层的显微结构和显微硬度.结果显示:激光熔覆层的相结构主要为α-Ti和TiB两相,TiB增强相均匀地分布于复合涂层中,熔覆层的硬度值高于基体Ti合金的硬度值1倍以上,Y2O3含量(质量分数w,全文同)为1％的激光熔覆涂层内部的增强相组织最为均匀、细小,且硬度值也最高,平均硬度(HV)值约为830.     

Investigation on laser cladding of MoSi2 powder on steel

The feasibility of the fabrication of coatings for elevated-temperature structural applications by laser cladding MoSi2 pow- der on steel was investigated. A dense and crack-free fine coating, well-bonded with the substrate has been obtained by this technique This coating consists of FeMoSi, Fe2Si and a small amount of MosSi3 due to dilution of the substrate in the coating. The microstructure of the coating is characterized of typical fine dendrites, The dendrites are composed of FeMoSi primary phase, and the interdendritic areas are two eutectic phases of FeMoSi and Fe2Si. The hardness of the coating reaches 845 Hv0.5, 3.7 times larger than that of the steel substrate （180 Hv05）.     

Laser cladding of Ni-based alloy on copper substrate

The laser cladding of Ni1015 alloy on Cu substrate was prepared by a high power continuous wave CO2 laser. Its microstructure was analyzed by optical microscope （OM）, scanning electron microscope （SEM）, and X-Ray diffraction （XRD）. The average microhardness of the cladding coating was Hv 280, which was almost three times of that of the Cu substrate （Hv 85）. OM and SEM observations showed that the obtained coating had a smooth and uniform surface, as well as a metallurgical combination with the Cu substrate without cracks and pores at the interface. With the addition of copper into the nickel-based alloy, the differences of thermal expansion coefficient and melting point between the interlayer and cladding were reduced, which resulted in low stresses during rapid cooling. Moreover, large amount of （Cu, Ni） solid solution formed a metallurgical bonding between the cladding coating and the substrate, which also relaxed the stresses, leading to the reduction of interfacial cracks and pores after laser cladding.