自制反应性乳化剂制备的含氟核壳乳液及性能

采用烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚（OP-10）与顺丁烯二酸酐反应,制得反应性乳化剂;以甲基丙烯酸甲酯（MMA）和丙烯酸丁酯（BA）为核,甲基丙烯酸甲酯（MMA）、丙烯酸丁酯（BA）和甲基丙烯酸十二氟庚酯（DFMA）为壳,采用半连续种子乳液聚合方式制备核壳型含氟丙烯酸酯乳液。对反应性乳化剂的性能进行了初步探究,并通过红外光谱、TEM、DSC、CA、TGA等对体系进行了研究。结果表明,自制的反应性乳化剂性能优异,合成的乳胶粒具有典型的核壳结构,乳液性能稳定;反应性乳化剂的引入使涂层具有较低的表面能,有效地提高了乳胶膜的疏水性能。     

丙烯酸酯改性水性聚氨酯乳液的合成及胶膜性能研究

以异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯（IPDI）、聚碳酸酯二醇（PCDL）、二羟甲基丙酸（DMPA）三乙胺（TEA）、甲基丙烯酸甲酯（MMA）、丙烯酸丁酯（BA）为原料,采用原位乳液聚合法制备水性聚氨酯-丙烯酸酯（WPUA）复合乳液。考察了聚氨酯（PU ）含量、m(MMA):m(BA)、初始-NCO与-OH物质的量之比等因素对WPUA复合乳液及其胶膜性能的影响。结果显示,当w(PU)质量分数为80%、初始n(-NCO):n(-OH)=6.0、w(DMPA)=5%、m(MMA):m(BA)=4:6时,所得WPUA乳液性能稳定,其胶膜吸水率降低至9.80%,相比较未改性的聚氨酯胶膜的吸水率24.75%,其吸水率降低了60.4%;改性胶膜的拉伸强度达到28.9MPa,是未改性聚氨酯胶膜的1.53倍,制备出了性能稳定、具有优异耐水性和物理机械性能的WPUA复合乳液。     

软硬单体对聚硅氧烷/丙烯酸酯复合乳液的影响

以阳离子开环法制得不饱和PSiO(聚硅氧烷乳液)为种子,采用乳液聚合法与BA(丙烯酸丁酯)、MMA(甲基丙烯酸甲酯)、HPA(丙烯酸羟丙酯)、EO9TMPTA(乙氧基化三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯)共聚合成了一系列PSiOA(聚硅氧烷/丙烯酸酯)复合乳液。通过FT-IR、TEM、乳液稳定性、粒径、流变、胶膜吸水率、力学性能和热性能测试研究了BA/MMA质量比对复合乳液结构与性能的影响。研究结果表明:所制备的乳液粒径约为40～50 nm,随着BA/MMA比值的减小,乳液凝聚率、黏度增大,胶膜的热稳定性、耐水性、玻璃化转变温度(Tg)等综合性能得到了较大的提高;当m(BA)∶m(MMA)=1.8∶1.2时,综合性能最佳,拉伸强度为5.62 MPa,断裂伸长率为653%。     

无皂丙烯酸酯乳液涂料的研究

合成聚丙烯酸丁酯／丙烯酸钠P（BA／AANa)齐聚物，并以此代替乳化剂，合成了新型的无皂乳液丙烯酸酯（MMA/BA)涂料，结果表明，无皂乳液聚合涂料稳定性高，该乳液制成的涂层，其干性，丰满度，光泽，硬度等综合性能优于一般的丙烯酸酯乳液涂料.     

聚(丙烯酸丁酯/丙烯酸)的醇溶液聚合

以乙醇为溶剂，合成了丙烯酸丁酯(BA)和丙烯酸(AA)的共聚物P(BA／AA)，并研究了BA用量对共聚物性能的影响。结果表明：BA用量对共聚物表面张力影响较大，对临界胶束浓度(CMC)无明显影响；P(BA／AA)水溶液的CMC为0．01g／mL，最低表面张力为40mN／m，对丙烯酸酯单体的乳化稳定性高。以P(BA／AA)为乳化剂制备的P(BA／MMA)乳液，稳定性高，涂膜吸水性可低至3％～4％，是理想的聚合物乳液。     

用作无纺布胶粘剂的BA/MMA/NMA三元共聚乳液的性能研究

由于丙烯酸酯类共聚乳液胶粘剂具有耐候性好，强度高，耐洗以及柔软等优点，所以近年来成为人们研究的热点，并且在生产实际中也得到了较广泛的应用。本文以研制服装厂边角料无纺布粘合剂为目的，采用N一羟甲基丙烯酸胶（NMA）为交联剂的BA－MMA－NMA（BA指丙烯酸丁酯，MMA指甲基丙烯酸甲酯）三元共聚体系，研究了交联剂NMA的含量对胶粘剂合成和力学性能的影响，并通过红外光谱和差热分析等手段探讨了共聚物交联的反应机理，还分析了交联剂的加入影响粘接力学性能的原因。本实验合成了NMA用量不同的共聚乳液产物，并测量了产物的…     

OFMA／MMA／VCM复合冲击改性剂的制备及其在PVC制品中的应用

通过在ACR聚合过程中加入含氟单体OFMA,从而将氟元素引到ACR聚合物的骨架上,同时用VCM代替部分丙烯酸丁酯（BA）,降低了ACR的成本,制备了性能优良的ACR冲击改性剂。最佳试验方案为：种子乳液的合成,m（MMA）：m（BA）=70：30的混合物为聚合性单体;核壳聚合时,取m（OFMA）：m（MMA）：m（VCM）=3：57：40。生产出的ACR样品抗冲增韧性能和加工流动性能最好,用于生产PVC样品,力学性能最好。     

高性能水性木器漆用PUA树脂的制备及漆膜性能研究

以水性PU乳液为原料,通过与丙烯酸酯单体共聚制备了稳定的PUA复合乳液。重点考察了PU的加料方式、PU用量以及丙烯酸酯单体的配比对聚合过程和乳液性能的影响。研究表明,在种子乳液聚合基础上采用核壳两层预乳化工艺,PU用量为20%,丙烯酸酯单体配比m(MMA)∶m(BA)∶m(2-EHA)=6∶2∶2时可得到性能优异的PUA复合乳液。漆膜性能的测试结果表明,该PUA乳液配制的水性木器清漆具有优异的性能,可满足高档木器对漆膜的高性能要求。     

水性含氟丙烯酸酯核壳乳液的制备及性能研究

采用半连续乳液聚合法合成了以甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)和丙烯酸丁酯(BA)为成核单体,甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)、丙烯酸丁酯(BA)和丙烯酸六氟丁酯(HF)为成壳单体的核壳型微乳液。通过TEM、SEM、FT-IR对乳液及乳液固化膜性能进行了表征;对乳液的稳定性做了测试,用接触角法对乳液固化膜表面性能进行了研究。结果表明:当含氟单体质量分数为19.34%时,核壳型结构粒子呈球形分布,乳液稳定性良好,成膜性较好,乳液固化膜的表面能为24.26 mJ/m2,与之相对应的无氟乳液固化膜的表面能为52.73 mJ/m2。根据本研究得出的原料、配方及工艺方法制备的乳液及其膜有较优的性能。     

保护膜用高剥离力丙烯酸酯乳液压敏胶的研制

以丙烯酸丁酯（BA）、丙烯酸酯（2-EHA）、甲基丙烯酸甲酯（MMA）、苯乙烯（St）、丙烯酸（AA）、丙烯酸羟丙酯（HPA）为原料进行乳液共聚,合成了保护膜用丙烯酸酯乳液压敏胶,讨论了各种单体、乳化剂、交联剂对压敏胶性能的影响。结果表明,该压敏胶具有较高的剥离强度和初黏力,同时具有较好的耐高温高湿老化性能。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。