720 t/d硫磺制酸装置的改造方案

介绍了720t/d硫磺制酸装置扩产改造方案。转化器进入φ（SO2)由9．5％提高至11．0％，相应各工序进行了改造。焚硫工序，引进了磺枪及配套的空气导流装置。转化工序，转化器四段采用38m^3VK38催化剂、五段采用33m^3VK48催化剂，总转化率达99．80％，同时，优化系统配置减少系统阻力，平衡系统解决设备瓶颈，确保生产能力提高到900t/d。     

用于减少SO_2排放的新一代催化剂

为了应对严格排放法规的制约,增加催化剂装填量或改用更先进的催化剂将是很好的应对策略。对于φ(SO_2) 11. 5%原料气的装置,采用VK69替换转化器四段催化剂床层中的标准催化剂可将其转化率由99. 8%提高到99. 9%;对于气体SO_2浓度极高的装置,使用VK69催化剂可实现极低排放。LEAP5~(TM)催化剂系列可实现更高转化率和更低SO_2排放量。不同品种的催化剂能够满足全球不同装置的个性化排放要求。     

高浓度SO2转化技术在金隆公司的应用

介绍高浓度SO2烟气[φ(SO2)10%～13%]制酸装置转化系统的工艺设计参数和实际运行情况,采用环状中、低温催化剂和含铯环状低温催化剂,合理分配各段催化剂的装填量和转化率,对设备和管道进行良好的热膨胀补偿。装置运行情况稳定,转化率达到99.8%。     

高浓度SO_2转化技术在金隆公司的应用

介绍高浓度SO2 烟气〔φ(SO2 ) 10 %～ 13%〕制酸装置转化系统的工艺设计参数和实际运行情况。采用环状中、低温催化剂和含铯环状低温催化剂 ,合理分配各段催化剂的装填量和转化率 ,对设备和管道进行良好的热膨胀补偿。装置运行情况稳定 ,转化率达到 99 8%     

祥光铜业烟气制酸高浓度SO_2转化技术运行实践

介绍了祥光铜业采用高浓度SO_2转化工艺处理φ(SO_2) 6%～18%的冶炼烟气的生产装置运行情况。该制酸装置利用高温循环风机将含SO3烟气返回转化器一段,抑制一段转化反应;转化器五段使用含铯催化剂,保证低浓度SO_2气体有效转化。在烟气φ(SO_2) 6%～18%时,SO_2总转化率达到99. 96%,排放气体ρ(SO_2)≤200 mg/m~3。高浓度SO_2转化工艺在高效、环保、能耗等方面有着较大的优势,是烟气制酸领域的一大技术进步。     

邻苯二甲酸二异辛酯合成中的催化剂研究

以邻苯二甲酸酐和异辛醇为原料，分别选用对甲苯磺酸、硫酸、磷酸、磷钨酸、SO4^2-/TiO2-Al2O3等催化剂，合成邻苯二甲酸二异辛酯(简称DOP)，得出DOP合成的最佳催化剂为对甲基苯磺酸。最佳反应条件，原料邻苯二甲酸酐与异辛醇的摩尔比为1：2．2，反应温度130℃，反应时间2．5h，催化剂用量为总量1．0％(W)，用环己烷作带水剂，邻苯二甲酸酐的转化率96％(W)，产品酯含量98％(W),并研究了具有上述相同功能基的高分子催化剂，含磺酸基的高分子和负载三氯化铝的含磺酸基的高分子，邻苯二甲酸酐酯化转化率达80％(W)，产品酯含量98％(W)。     

托普索开发高活性VK-701 SO2氧化催化剂

为应对更严格的环保法规的挑战,托普索公司开发了一种新型SO₂氧化催化剂VK-701。这种催化剂基于一种独特的技术,避免了现有工业催化剂的内部传递缺陷,从而在高浓度和低温条件下提供极高的活性。对于现有四床层一转一吸硫酸装置,在最后一段床装填VK-701,与装填含铯催化剂相比SO₂排放量可减少20%～30%,与装填标准含钾催化剂相比SO₂     

SO2氧化制硫酸国产铯催化剂的研制与效果

针对国产的硫酸生产用钒催化剂起燃温度高、使用寿命短，提出以铯盐为助溶剂、铈盐为添加剂，研制了铯催化剂。通过优选配方，推荐KCs-3型铯催化剂进行了工业化试验，证实其具有较低的起燃温度、工作温度范围宽、一段转化率比原来提高了6～10个百分点，但生产成本相对较高，使用寿命尚待进一步考察。     

硫酸厂实现更低SO2排放

硫酸厂应对严格的环保要求可采用多种技术方案，如含铯催化剂、洗涤技术及调整工艺配置等。介绍了Aker Solutions、Cansolv、托普索、孟莫克、拜耳等公司减少硫酸装置尾气SO2排放的技术和经验，每一个装置都有一个最适合的技术方案，需综合考虑硫酸装置特点、副产品处置、SO2排放目标、投资及运行成本等因素，选择合理的SO2减排技术。     

国内外SO2氧化制硫酸催化剂的活性对比及分析

SO2 氧化制硫酸的固体催化剂经历了从铁催化剂、铂催化剂到钒催化剂的发展过程。目前世界上硫酸生产都使用钒催化剂。国内已发展成以S1 0 1、S1 0 8为主的近 1 0个型号的系列产品 ,国外也形成了以美国孟山都化学环保公司、丹麦托普索公司等为主的LP系列和VK系列催化剂。近几年来 ,国内一些较先进的硫酸厂多倾向于重新选购进口的钒催化剂。究其原因是进口催化剂具有较大的性能价格比。以VK48与S1 0 1 -×H为例 ,目前市场上VK48为每吨 3万元左右 ,S1 0 1 -×H为每吨 2万元左右。两者差距首先表现在使用寿命上 ,VK48一般为 5～ 1 0a,而…     

Influence of geometric and thermophysical properties of reaction layer on sulphur dioxide oxidation in transient conditions

The sulphur dioxide to sulphur trioxide oxidation process in a fixed bed catalytic reactor is simulated in the case of cyclic change in the direction of the reaction mixture feed. It is shown that, for transient condition, the amount of catalyst in the reactor may be substantially reduced by its partial substitution with inert material of suitable form, dimensions and thermophysical properties, at the end of the layer. This makes the direct regenerative heat transfer process in these zones controllable, producing the same conversion and overall height of the layer. The results are significant for sulphuric acid production from gases poor in sulphur dioxide.     

冶炼烟气中二氧化硫的催化还原

自热熔炼镍冶炼工艺产生的烟气ψ(SO2)为20％或更高,可用于生产元素硫。该技术的基本原理是用天然气还原二氧化硫,在还原阶段采用催化剂有可能大大提高效率。     

绿色含硫气湿法直接脱硫制酸新工艺

介绍了一种绿色含硫气湿法直接脱硫制酸新工艺——WSA工艺。该工艺的特点是二氧化硫转化过程为湿式催化氧化过程,三氧化硫和蒸汽直接冷凝成98％的商品硫酸,工艺流程短,硫回收率和余热利用率高,尾气可直接达到排空标准。详细介绍了WSA冷凝器、专用VK型催化剂及热量回收系统。     

The optimization of the catalytic oxidation of sulphur dioxide in a multi-bed adiabatic reactor

A multi-bed adiabatic reactor for the catalytic oxidation of sulphur dioxide was optimized using maximum conversion as the criterion and with plant data from Canadian Industries Limited, Hamilton, Ontario. Different combinations of the following parameters were varied: number of beds, inlet temperature to each bed, bed depth and air dilution before each bed. The optimization techniques used and compared for efficiency were: dynamic programming, gradient search, Hooke and Jeeves' pattern search and the discrete maximum principle. The optimum conversions were found to be quite insensitive to considerable variation in feed temperature, air dilution and catalyst distribution. An improvement in the plant conversion of 0.25% was predicted.     

A dual catalyst bed for the autothermal partial oxidation of methane to synthesis gas

Dual bed catalysts were found to produce high yields (>85%) of hydrogen from methane and air in a millisecond contact time reactor. The dual bed catalyst consisted of a 5 mm platinum combustion catalyst followed by a 5 mm nickel steam reforming catalyst. The platinum catalyst was used to totally oxidize approximately one-quarter of the methane feed to carbon dioxide and water. In the nickel catalyst, the carbon dioxide and water reformed the remaining methane to hydrogen and carbon monoxide. This process is favored at high flow rates, because the heat generated in the platinum catalyst is convected to the nickel catalyst at a higher rate. The heat delivered to the nickel catalyst favors the endothermic reforming reactions that generate the hydrogen and carbon monoxide.     

二氧化硫氧化制硫酸催化剂载体研究及应用

探讨了硅藻土载体对二氧化硫氧化制硫酸催化剂性能的影响.研制了新型催化剂,并通过合理装填、操作用于硫酸生产,总转化率达到99.7%以上,使用效果不亚于国外产品.     

硫磺回收装置长周期高收率生产措施研究

介绍了影响硫磺回收装置硫磺收率的主要因素如反应温度、反应物料进口温度、催化剂活性和尾气吸收效果等.针对这些影响因素,技术人员研究制硫反应机理和最佳操作温度曲线,合理控制催化剂床层温度、循环贫胺液量和填料层高度,确保装置保持高收率、长周期平稳生产运行.     

Hydrogen sulphide oxidation over teflon treated activated alumina and titanium dioxide catalysts

Commercial activated alumina and titanium dioxide catalysts were treated with Teflon to reduce the negative effects of water vapour on the oxidation of hydrogen sulphide by sulphur dioxide (Claus Reaction) near the sulphur dew point. The tests were conducted at 200°C and 130°C (108 kPa), with and without 30% water vapour in the feed gas. An alumina/Teflon composite catalyst was found to be superior to both untreated commercial catalysts at 130°C. This improvement was probably due to an increase in macroporosity rather than to a wetproofing effect. At 200°C, the performance of the composite was similar to that of the untreated titanium dioxide which in turn was superior to the untreated activated alumina.     

Sorption of sulphur dioxide by indoor surfaces II. Wood

The sorption of sulphur dioxide by untreated wood samples has been investigated at a concentration of 90 μg/m³ by use of ³⁵SO₂. The softwoods sorbed less sulphur dioxide than the hardwoods and the sites of sorption were different in each class. Most of the sorbed sulphur dioxide was found in the outermost 0.05 mm of each sample and a large portion of it was water-soluble. The possible role of sulphur dioxide in the weathering of woods is discussed.     

The sorption of sulphur dioxide by indoor surfaces. IV. Flooring materials

The sorption of sulphur dioxide by a number of carpet and solid flooring material samples has been investigated at a concentration of 50 to 60 μg/m³ using ³⁵S-labelled sulphur dioxide. The amount of sulphur dioxide sorbed by the samples varied little with their chemical composition and was of such a magnitude as to suggest a low affinity of the surfaces for sulphur dioxide. The sorption of sulphur dioxide by artificial fibre carpet pile was shown to be significantly reduced by the application of dyes.