盐-碱环境下GFRP管力学性能演化规律

纤维增强复合材料(FRP)管-混凝土组合柱因其能充分发挥FRP管和混凝土材料的性能优势,具有广泛的应用前景,然而,当结构处于极其恶劣腐蚀环境下时,其耐久性仍是值得关注的问题,在我国北方盐-碱地区,建筑桥墩易受到盐-碱侵蚀。为研究盐-碱环境下GFRP管的力学性能演化规律,制备了GFRP管和环,两种试样内径均为100 mm,厚均为3 mm,高分别为100 mm、10 mm,浸泡在盐(NaCl)-碱(NaOH)溶液中,以温度、周期为变量,通过试件浸泡前后干质量变化以及轴压和环拉试验测试,获得相应的力学性能,并基于Arrhenius公式开展了GFRP管环向拉伸强度寿命预测。结果表明：温度对GFRP管强度影响显著,随着浸泡周期的增加,GFRP管轴压强度和环拉强度呈现下降趋势;温度越高,强度下降速率越快;40℃和60℃温度条件下,在浸泡30 d后环拉强度退化速率减缓。轴压弹性模量受温度和浸泡周期影响较小,环拉弹性模量随温度升高而显著降低,浸泡周期对其影响较小;通过寿命预测,7.5℃全表面积浸泡半年时,环拉强度保留率低于40%,盐-碱环境对GFRP管材的腐蚀作用显著,环氧树脂GFRP管并不适用于盐-...     

碱液下GFRP筋力学性能劣化模型研究

为研究碱液下玻璃纤维增强复合材料（GFRP）筋力学性能劣化规律,对直径为20 mm和25 mm的GFRP筋进行碱溶液分别浸泡30、90 d和180 d后的拉伸试验,得到筋体在碱液不同腐蚀时间后筋体的极限拉伸强度及弹性模量等力学性能指标;对比研究了相同直径筋体在盐溶液浸泡180 d后的力学性能变化;建立了碱液下GFRP筋剩余强度衰减模型。结果表明,相同的腐蚀龄期,碱性环境对GFRP筋力学性能劣化影响高于盐环境;碱液下GFRP筋拉伸强度随浸泡时间的增长呈下降趋势,GFRP筋前期被腐蚀速率高于后期;分析修正后的碱液下筋体剩余强度衰减模型与试验结果吻合度较高。     

GFRP筋在海洋环境下的耐久性研究

为研究GFRP筋在海洋环境下的耐久性,GFRP筋被置于60℃的海水、碱、碱+海水三种腐蚀液中进行加速腐蚀试验,并选取对GFRP筋耐久性影响最大的碱+海水溶液,进行干湿循环和应力/腐蚀试验。通过拉伸试验法和扫描电子显微镜的测试方法,研究了不同条件下GFRP的耐久性和腐蚀机理。试验结果表明,由于纤维中的硅氧键分别与水分子和氢氧根离子发生离子交换或化学反应,使硅氧键断裂,并且在遭受化学破坏的纤维和树脂界面处促进水化产物的生成,因此碱离子对GFRP筋的耐久性影响最大。加速腐蚀试验中,在碱+海水溶液中浸泡6个月后GFRP筋的抗拉强度损失接近30%,弹性模量的损失较小,为12%;在干湿循环和应力腐蚀条件下GFRP筋的抗拉强度和弹性模量保持率都接近90%,显示出良好的耐久性。     

模拟海水海砂混凝土环境下GFRP筋耐久性试验研究

采用加速老化试验方法对模拟海水海砂混凝土环境下玻璃纤维增强聚合物(GFRP)筋的耐久性能展开研究。对GFRP筋在60℃五种不同的海水-海砂混凝土溶液浸泡下的外观形态、吸湿率进行分析,并运用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对腐蚀后GFRP筋的微观形貌进行观测。结果表明,模拟海水-海砂混凝土环境中,试件均出现了不同程度纤维与树脂界面层脱黏的现象,其中OH-浓度较高的环境中试件出现了树脂的破损;在相同侵蚀时间下,GFRP筋在海水海砂混凝土环境溶液中的吸水率要低于普通混凝土环境溶液;在实际海水海砂混凝土结构中,可以通过采用FRP高性能海水-海砂混凝土结构以减少环境作用对FRP筋的侵蚀作用。     

不同直径GFRP筋的拉伸性能尺寸效应试验研究

利用电液伺服万能试验机对5种不同直径的GFRP筋进行了拉伸性能试验,研究了尺寸效应对GFRP筋拉伸性能指标的影响规律。试验结果表明,尺寸效应对极限强度和极限拉应变的影响比较明显,随直径的增大而减小,而对弹性模量的影响不明显;试样的拉伸破坏模式为劈裂破坏;应力-应变曲线呈现出线性关系;弹性模量的平均值为48.06GPa;相同直径下不同长径比试样对极限强度的影响需要进一步深入研究。     

混凝土碱环境中GFRP筋耐久性能试验研究

针对玻璃纤维增强聚合物(GFRP)筋在混凝土环境中的抗拉性能进行了试验研究,通过分析侵蚀前后试件的极限抗拉强度和弹性模量等力学性能参数,研究了两种温度下碱溶液和自来水浸泡混凝土环境中GFRP筋的抗拉强度退化规律。试验结果表明,在20℃、40℃自来水环境下浸泡90d后,GFRP筋抗拉强度与对照试件相比分别下降了8.8%和12.2%,而在相同温度的碱溶液中其抗拉强度衰减量可分别达到17.5%和22.1%;随着龄期的增加,抗拉强度减小的趋势逐渐减缓;通过将GFRP筋在混凝土环境下浸泡和直接浸泡在碱溶液中抗拉强度的试验数据对比分析发现,GFRP筋在模拟碱环境中的抗拉强度退化速率约为实际混凝土环境中的2.5~3倍。     

冲刷速度和温度对低碳钢在海水中冲蚀行为的影响

采用失重法研究了冲刷速度和温度对低碳钢在海水中冲刷腐蚀速率的影响,结合对试样表面腐蚀形貌的观察,对低碳钢在海水中冲蚀行为及机理进行了分析探讨。     

海水环境下GFRP筋⁃海水海砂混凝土黏结行为演化规律

为研究海水环境下GFRP筋与海水海砂混凝土的黏结行为,设计并测试了54个GFRP筋⁃海水海砂混凝土中心拉拔试件,采用温度加速实验,研究清水和海水环境腐蚀后试件黏结强度的变化,并分析了试件的黏结滑移曲线上升段。结果表明,海水温度的升高加速了GFRP筋⁃海水海砂混凝土试件黏结强度的退化,在相同浸泡条件下,60 ℃的黏结强度相较于10 ℃降低了15 %左右;海水环境对试件黏结强度的影响略大于清水环境。分别使用BPE模型、CMR模型和Malvar模型对试件黏结滑移曲线上升段进行分析,结果表明,海水环境下GFRP筋⁃海水海砂混凝土黏结滑移曲线上升段宜采用Malvar模型。最后根据TSF寿命预测法得出,在20 ℃海水环境下,GFRP筋⁃海水海砂混凝土试件使用100年后的黏结强度保留率为65.58 %。     

阻锈剂对海水拌和再生胶砂力学性能和钢筋腐蚀行为的影响研究

针对海水拌和再生骨料混凝土的耐久性问题,对比分析了两种阻锈剂在单掺和复掺下对海水拌和再生胶砂力学性能和钢筋腐蚀行为的影响,并通过X射线衍射(XRD)、压汞(MIP)等测试手段分析其影响机理。结果表明:海水拌和再生胶砂在不掺阻锈剂的情况下前期腐蚀速度较快,7 d后腐蚀速度较慢,逐渐趋于钝化;氨甲基丙醇对海水拌和再生胶砂力学性能和钢筋锈蚀性能起不利影响,主要原因是其抑制了水泥水化进程,增加了孔隙数量;五水偏硅酸钠能使海水拌和再生胶砂中的钢筋发生钝化,具有显著阻锈作用,同时可促进C-S-H的形成,优化孔结构,对海水拌和再生胶砂力学性能影响较小。该试验可对海水拌合再生骨料混凝土耐久性的改善和服役安全性的提升提供参考。     

玻璃纤维增强树脂基复合材料碾铆-粘接接头老化和腐蚀性能研究

主要对玻璃纤维增强树脂基复合材料碾铆-粘接接头进行了老化和腐蚀试验,通过静拉伸测试,分析了温度和腐蚀介质对混合连接接头力学性能的影响。结果表明:同温下,粘接层失效时的峰值载荷会随保温时间的增加而减小;同保温时间下,粘接层失效时的峰值载荷会随温度的增加而减小;在5%NaCl溶液中腐蚀时,连接件的抗拉伸性能受腐蚀时间延长的影响比较小;而在5%NaOH溶液和5%HNO_3溶液中腐蚀时,连接件的抗拉伸性能受到的影响比较大,样件的峰值载荷下降比较明显。试样的失效主要分为胶层失效和铆钉拉脱失效两个阶段。     

Durability of glass‐fiber‐reinforced polymer composites in an alkaline environment

This study investigated the aging of urethane and urethane‐modified vinyl ester (UMVE) GFRPs (glass fiber reinforced polymers) when they were exposed to alkaline solution for six months under a sustained load of 34.5 MPa or 16–20% of their tensile strength. The second experiment exposed both types of GFRP to alkaline solution without load for 6 months. The final experiment determined the alkaline solution diffusion coefficients into GFRP and neat polymer resin samples by measuring the change in mass of each sample as a function of time. After the GFRP samples were aged for 6 months, their tensile strengths were measured and compared with that of non‐aged samples to determine the aging effect. It was found that alkaline solution alone without sustained load did not significantly reduce or change the tensile strength of any GFRP sample. However, the presence of sustained load greatly increased the aging effect, particularly more for urethane GFRP than on UMVE GFRP. Urethane GFRP experienced a tensile strength reduction of 57.5%, while UMVE GFRP lost 27.3% of its original tensile strength. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 13:221–228, 2007. © 2007 Society of Plastics Engineers     

二溴新戊二醇不饱和聚酯树脂及其阻燃玻璃钢性能

研究了实验室合成二溴新戊二醇不饱和聚酯的方法以及由它制作阻燃玻璃钢．并分别进行了各项性能的测试。二溴新戊二醇不饱和聚酯树脂具有优良的光、热稳定性和阻燃性能，同时由它制得的玻璃钢也能保持优良的力学性能。检测表明该玻璃钢样品具有较好的阻燃性能及其他综合性能。     

Water absorption and hygrothermal ageing of ultraviolet cured glass‐fiber reinforced acrylate composites

In this article, an ultraviolet curable glass fiber reinforced polymer (UV‐GFRP) composite developed for fast repair or strengthening of concrete structures, was investigated on its water absorption and hygrothermal ageing behaviors. Cured UV‐GFRP coupons were subjected to immersion in distilled water or concrete pore solution (pH value around 13) for 4–8 months at room temperature and elevated temperatures (40 and 60°C), respectively. Water absorption and thermomechanical properties of the samples were tested as a function of immersion time. Water uptake curves of UV‐GFRP exposed to elevated temperatures and/or alkaline solutions show serious mass loss. Debonding of fibers from resin matrix brought in increased coefficient of diffusion along fiber directions, due to the capillary effect. After 4 months of immersion in both media, the tensile strength of UV‐GFRP was deteriorated remarkably, while the tensile modulus was less affected. According to Arrhenius equation, the tensile strength of UV‐GFRP is predicted to remain 77.6% of its original value after50 years when immersed in water at 20°C, but only 24.5% left in the case of alkaline solution. This suggests that the present UV‐GFRP system does not suit for the application in strong alkaline environments. POLYM. COMPOS., 2012. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Durability of glass‐fiber‐reinforced polymer nanocomposites in an alkaline environment

This study was conducted to determine the effect of clay content in GFRP (glass‐fiber‐reinforced polymer) composite samples as they were aged in an alkaline solution. Two kinds of GFRP composite samples were prepared. One was E‐glass‐fiber‐reinforced vinyl ester polymer, and the other was nano‐GFRP composites prepared with the addition of 1 and 2 wt% of montmorillonite clay to the polymer matrix. These samples were aged in alkaline solution of pH 13.2 with and without sustained load. The load was 1335 N or 18.7% of the tensile strength of the composite samples. The aging was evaluated by measuring the reduction in tensile strength after 6 months. Also, absorption of alkaline solution into the plain and nano‐GFRP samples was investigated so as to elucidate the diffusion behaviors. It was found that for a short exposure time (e.g. 1 month) and without sustained load, dispersing 2 wt% of the nanoclay in the polymer matrix of the GFRP samples reduces the diffusivity by 39%. However, with the application of sustained load, the glass fiber composite samples deteriorate more with increasing clay content. The reduction in tensile strength was 7.1%, 12.1%, and 18.1% for the samples containing 0, 1, and 2 wt% of clay, respectively. J. VINYL. ADDIT. TECHNOL., 12:25–32, 2006. © 2006 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Effect of glass fiber‐reinforced polymer and epoxy injection on compressive strength of elevated temperature damaged concrete

Glass fiber‐reinforced polymer (GFRP) materials have received a great deal of interest among civil engineers during the past decade. This paper presents an overview of experimental studies carried out on GFRP‐wrapped and epoxy‐injected concrete samples exposed to elevated temperatures. For this purpose, 0.30, 0.35 and 0.40 water to binder (w/b) ratios were used. For each w/b ratio, normal aggregates were replaced by lightweight aggregates with a size fraction of 0–2 mm at three different volume fractions such as 10%, 20% and 30% of total aggregate volume. At the same time, a group of air‐entrained samples was also cast for each w/b ratios. Prepared samples were exposed to 600 °C for 3 h. The damaged samples were separately repaired by GFRP and epoxy injection. Before and after elevated temperature exposure, water absorption and compressive strength were tested. After repairing with GFRP and epoxy injection, only the compressive strength test was carried out. GFRP improved the compressive strength between 1–22% and 348–1403% for samples before and after being exposed to elevated temperatures, respectively. Epoxy injection increased the compressive strength of the samples, exposed to elevated temperature, between 1% and 123%. However, the epoxy injection process failed to recover the compressive strength of the samples before elevated temperature exposure. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

玻璃钢车身的适用性

对玻璃钢材料的各项性能进行了测试对比,并对玻璃钢汽车车身的成型、加工、装配等工艺进行了探索,举例说明了玻璃钢车身的实用情况。     

玻璃纤维约束混凝土抗侵彻机理研究

本文探讨了用玻璃纤维约束混凝土构件的力学性质以及在抗侵彻方面的作用,研究表明玻璃纤维约束混凝土既提高了混凝土的抗压强度,又提高了混凝土的延性,从而提高了混凝土构件抗侵彻能力.     

基于热带雨林环境的GFRP自然老化性能

对玻璃纤维增强塑料(GFRP)在西双版纳热带雨林地区的大气暴露3年和库内暴露10年样品分别进行研究,考察了其拉伸强度、拉伸弹性模量、弯曲强度、弯曲弹性模量、压缩强度5种力学性能及变化趋势;采用扫描电子显微镜对样品形貌进行了微观分析;同时对热带雨林地区的GFRP进行了寿命预测,计算出弯曲性能保留率下降到初始值的75%所需要的时间。     

长期腐蚀环境影响下GFRP筋混凝土构件的老化机理及抗弯性能研究

为了研究长期腐蚀环境影响下GFRP筋混凝土构件的老化机理以及抗弯性能,分别分析了水分、温度、碱性环境等因素对GFRP筋抗拉强度、有效受拉面积和粘结强度等性能方面的影响。基于GFRP筋材料老化后与混凝土协同工作关系的变化,通过构造新的几何条件,推导了老化GFRP筋正截面抗弯承载力计算公式,利用推导的公式分析了不同GFRP筋老化率对构件承载力的影响。研究表明:GFRP筋混凝土构件在腐蚀环境长期作用下,GFRP筋不断老化,其抗拉强度、有效受拉面积以及粘结性能都有不同程度的降低;随着GFRP筋材料老化率的不断增加,构件抗弯承载力损失率也不断增加,当老化率达到27%时,构件抗弯承载力也相应损失了25.97%。     

大口径钢和玻璃钢复合管的弯曲变形分析

钢和玻璃钢复合管,充分利用钢的刚性和玻璃钢的耐腐蚀性能,在大口径管中得到广泛应用,在一些工程中,管要经弯曲施工,因此必须进行弯曲变形分析,确保管子在使用中,玻璃钢不开裂,达到防腐蚀的目的。