江阴某电镀厂废水中重金属含量的监测

阐述了电镀废水的来源及其处理工艺,主要探讨了电镀厂的废水经取样、消解等处理过程,将废水样品进行周期性采样监测,并对废水样品采用火焰（石墨炉）原子吸收分光光度计进行测定,并对测得的结果进行分析评价。     

硫酸亚铁处理电镀废水中重金属离子的研究

以深圳某电镀厂生产车间的电镀废水为研究对象,通过实验研究确定了用硫酸亚铁处理含铬废水和含铜、镍废水的最佳工艺条件,并且研究了其混合后的综合废水处理.     

含氧硫酸盐处理某电镀厂六价铬废水条件研究

通过对亚硫酸钠、亚硫酸氢钠、焦亚硫酸钠、连二亚硫酸钠、硫代硫酸钠等五种含氧硫酸盐处理本市某电镀厂含铬废水的研究,从处理成本考虑选出最佳的还原剂为焦亚硫酸钠,其处理效果最佳pH为2,投加质量比为3.768。     

电镀络合废水破络合后处理工艺优化

为了寻求络合废水pH值为6～8时破络合效果较好的氧化剂,优化高浓度络合物的电镀废水处理工艺,通过试验对络合废水处理工艺条件进行了优化研究.试验结果表明,络合废水pH值为6～8时,双氧水的氧化破络效果较好.处理工艺最佳条件组合:双氧水投加量为0.34 mL/L,破络时间为40 min,之后调节pH值到10.5,硫化钠投加...     

生化法去除电镀废水中重金属离子的研究

利用从重金属污染物中筛选出的混合菌种进行重金属离子的去除。实验考察了pH、菌种投加量、温度及反应时间对混合菌种去除重金属离子的影响,并通过正交实验对影响因素进行了优化。确定其最佳的处理条件为:pH=6.0,反应时间20min,微生物投加量3.0mL/L和温度20℃,并在此条件下进行了实际电镀废水的验证实验。结果表明:混合菌群在最佳条件下对实际电镀废水中的镉、铬、铜和镍离子的去除率分别为97.7%、98.6%、95.0%和91.5%,效果良好。     

液态三氯化铁代替硫酸亚铁处理含砷废水的研究

研究了液态三氯化铁在含砷废水中的使用情况,考察了Fe/As质量比、pH值、药剂用量等因素对砷去除效果的影响;结果表明,二段铁砷比在2.5左右、pH值在8～9、三段铁砷比在10以上时,除砷效果可以达到97%以上.渣量比使用硫酸亚铁时要小40%左右,远远超过了攻关指标.     

改性壳聚糖处理重金属废水研究现状

介绍了壳聚糖处理重金属废水时常用的改性方法,即化学改性(包括交联改性和接枝改性)和物理改性.综述了改性壳聚糖在重金属废水及电镀废水处理中的应用,重点介绍了交联改性壳聚糖与接枝改性壳聚糖对废水中重金属吸附的研究现状.探讨了改性壳聚糖处理重金属及电镀废水的发展方向.     

印染废水脱色工艺研究

为了改善印染废水的色泽,降低印染废水对环境的污染,文章采用双氧水加助剂的方法研究了印染废水的脱色工艺。采用L9(34)正交试验,确定硅酸钠、尿素、柠檬酸钠了三种漂白助剂的最佳用量:硅酸钠用量为0.1%,尿素用量为0.4%,柠檬酸钠用量为0.1%,在此脱色工艺下的产品的脱色率达到98.83%。     

浅谈铁氧体法处理电镀含铬废水

铁氧体法是化学法处理电镀含铬废水中较为实用的一种方法。介绍了铁氧体法处理含铬废水的基本原理,一般工艺流程、间歇式工艺流程与连续式工艺流程,以及主要技术参数,包括硫酸亚铁的投加量和投加方式、氧化还原反应时间、不同阶段废水酸碱度的控制、加热温度的控制以及通气量。提出了铁氧体法处理电镀含铬废水今后研究的重点。     

中小型电镀厂镀锌废水处理的工艺实践

电镀废水的处理方法主要有离子交换法、电解法、活性炭法、反渗透法等。这些方法在多镀种、大规模、精度高的情况下适用,对于单镀种、建筑用材来说,往往会受到设备投资大、处理成本高、厂房占地等因素限制,起不到既经济,又能达到处理效果的目的。文章提出了直接用化学沉淀法处理镀锌废水的方法,实践结果表明,该工艺完全可行,处理出水能够达标排放且运行费用较低,适宜推广应用。     

Poly(hydroxamic acid) ligand from palm-based waste materials for removal of heavy metals from electroplating wastewater

Heavy metals pollutants are nonbiodegradable and their bioaccumulation results in detrimental environmental consequences. Therefore, it is important to effectively remove toxic heavy metal waste from industrial sewage. Thus, the main goal of this research is to synthesize an ideal cellulose-based adsorbent from palm-based waste materials (agro waste) in order to be utilized in real-life practical applications with low cost as such removing common toxic heavy metals from industrial effluents. A poly(methyl acrylate) grafted palm cellulose was synthesized via a free-radical initiation process, followed by an oximation reaction to yield poly(hydroxamic acid) ligands. The adsorption capacity (q_e) of poly(hydroxamic acid) ligands for metal ions such as copper (Cu²⁺), iron (Fe³⁺), and lead (Pb²⁺) were 325, 220, and 300 mg g⁻¹, respectively at pH 6. In addition, the X-ray photoelectron spectrometry results are to be proved the binding of metal ions, for instance, Cu(II) ions showed typically significant BEs of 932.7 and 952.0 eV corresponding to the Cu2p3/2 and Cu2p1/2 species. The heavy metal ions adsorption followed a pseudo-first-order kinetic model pathway. The adsorption capacity (q_m) is also derived from the Langmuir isotherm linear plot, which does not showed good correction coefficients. However, the results were correlated to the Freundlich isotherm model, where the R² value showed significance (>0.98), indicating that multiple layer adsorption occurs on the synthesized ligand. The synthesized polymeric ligand is an excellent adsorbent for the removal of heavy metals from the industrial wastewater. In addition, the metal analysis results showed that about 98% removal of copper and iron ions from electroplating wastewater including lead, nickel, and chromium can be removed up to 85–97%.     

全膜法处理电镀重金属废水

采用全膜法对深圳某电镀厂的污水处理系统进行改造,给出了调节池、反应水箱、循环水箱及膜装置的设计要点,介绍了其运行情况.该处理工艺联合了Duraflow膜装置和反渗透系统,可使重金属废水的中水回用率达到60%以上,回用浓水经处理后能达到GB 21900-2008<电镀污染物排放标准>的要求.     

An overview of carbon nanotubes role in heavy metals removal from wastewater

The scarcity of water, mainly in arid and semiarid areas of the world is exerting exceptional pressure on sources and necessitates offering satisfactory water for human and different uses. Water recycle/reuse has confirmed to be successful and promising in reliable water delivery. For that reason, attention is being paid to the effective treatment of alternative resources of water (other than fresh water) which includes seawater, storm water, wastewater (e.g., dealt with sewage water), and industrial wastewater. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are called the technology of 21st century. Nowadays CNTs have been widely used for adsorption of heavy metals from water/ wastewater due to their unique physical and chemical properties. This paper reviews some recent progress (from 2013 to 2018) in the application of CNTs for the adsorption of heavy metals in order to remove toxic pollutants from contaminated water. CNTs are expected to be a promising adsorbent in the future because of its high adsorption potential in comparison to many traditional adsorbents.     

Competitive removal of heavy metals from spiked hospital wastewater on acidic and chelating dehydrated carbons

Date palm leaflets were carbonised using sulphuric acid dehydration, producing acidic dehydrated carbon (DC) that was converted to chelating dehydrated carbon (CDC) using ethylene diamine functionalisation. Both carbons were surface characterised and tested for competitive removal of Cd²⁺, Cu²⁺, Co²⁺, Ni²⁺ and Zn²⁺ from metal mixtures in hospital wastewater (HWW) and deionised water (DW). Sorption kinetics data follow pseudo-second-order model. Equilibrium sorption data follow the Langmuir model with better performance for CDC than DC. Sorption of metals from metal mixture from DW is clearly higher than from HWW because of the high content of organic moieties in HWW.     

用于去除废水中重金属的核桃壳吸附剂制备方法研究进展

针对核桃壳(WNS)转化为高效吸附剂的资源化利用问题,对近年来国内外以核桃壳为原料制备吸附剂的相关研究进行了归纳和总结。结果表明,从核桃壳转化成核桃壳吸附剂主要方法有:预处理后直接作吸附剂,改性后作吸附剂,制备成活性炭吸附剂。其中无机酸性或碱性预处理比有机溶剂更具环保优势;对核桃壳的酰基化、氨基化、接枝共聚、负载纳米零价铁、非热等离子体作用等改性方法,都可以提高吸附剂对重金属离子的吸附能力,使改性核桃壳(MWNS)的吸附性能高于传统吸附剂,但相比之下,酰基化改性、非热等离子体改性更具快速、有效、环保等优势。此外将WNS制备为活性炭也是一种有效的改性方法,制备的活性炭吸附效果相当甚至优于传统的活性炭吸附剂,值得进一步研究。建议今后对核桃壳绿色环保、低成本制备吸附剂的工艺、核桃壳改性方法工业规模放大试验及对实际废水中金属离子的选择性及竞争性吸附问题开展研究,以实现核桃壳生物质废料最高效的资源化利用。     

分子筛对重金属废水吸附性能的实验研究

为验证分子筛对重金属废水的处理效果,以实际含锰废水为研究对象,采用13X分子筛,通过实验研究了吸附材料用量、吸附时间、搅拌转速和溶液pH对Ca²⁺、Mn²⁺、Mg²⁺吸附效果的影响。结果表明：吸附材料用量增加对Mn²⁺、Mg²⁺的吸附影响较大;随着吸附时间增长,各金属离子去除率增加;适当的转速有利于金属离子的吸附,但各金属离子对应的最佳转速各不相同;pH提高,能够促进分子筛对金属离子的吸附。13X分子筛对金属离子的吸附机理为离子交换吸附和表面吸附。研究表明,13X分子筛在处理低浓度含锰重金属废水方面表现出良好的应用前景。     

Removal of heavy metals from wastewater by membrane processes: a comparative study

Wastewater containing copper and cadmium can be produced by several industries. The application of both reverse osmosis (RO) and nanofiltration (NF) technologies for the treatment of wastewater containing copper and cadmium ions to reduce fresh water consumption and environmental degradation was investigated. Synthetic wastewater samples containing Cu²⁺ and Cd²⁺ ions at various concentrations were prepared and subjected to treatment by RO and NF in the laboratory. The results showed that high removal efficiency of the heavy metals could be achieved by RO process (98% and 99% for copper and cadmium, respectively). NF, however, was capable of removing more than 90% of the copper ions existing in the feed water. The effectiveness of RO and NF membranes in treating wastewater containing more than one heavy metal was also investigated. The results showed that the RO membrane was capable of treating wastewater with an initial concentration of 500 ppm and reducing the ion concentration to about 3 ppm (99.4% removal), while the average removal efficiency of NF was 97%. The low level of the heavy metals concentration in the permeate implies that water with good quality could be reclaimed for further reuse.     

Mass transfer during the removal of dissolved heavy metals from wastewater flows in fluidized beds of ion exchange resins

A fluidized bed of cation exchange resin was used for the removal of cupric ions from a simulated wastewater effluent consisting of copper sulphate solution. Variables investigated were: superficial liquid velocity, particle diameter, bed height and copper sulphate concentration. These variables were studied with respect to their effect on the solid-liquid mass transfer coefficient. The coefficient was found to increase with increasing superficial liquid velocity. Increasing particle diameter, bed height and copper sulphate concentration were found to reduce the mass transfer coefficient. The experimental data can be correlated by the equation valid for the following conditions: 0.23 < Re₁ < 2.27; 0.52 < ? < 0.87; 0.0127 < d_p/d < 0.0417 and 0.0095 < d_p/L < 0.125.     

泥炭吸附法去除废水中重金属

介绍了天然廉价矿物泥炭的物理化学性质,综述了泥炭的改性方法及其对多种重金属离子的吸附容量．分析了pH、改性方法、竞争离子浓度等因素的影响。并对泥炭吸附重金属离子的机理和规律进行了总结．其吸附机理有离子交换、络合、表面吸附、化学吸附等四种,吸附一般符合Langmuir吸附等温式或Freundlich吸附等温式。最后展望了泥炭在重金属废水处理中的应用前景,提出了一些建议。     

Removal of heavy metals and cyanide from gold mine wastewater

This paper reviews the technology and biotechnology to remove heavy metals (such as copper, arsenic, lead and zinc) and cyanide from contaminated wastewater. The paper places special emphasis on gold mine wastewater and the use of low cost materials as sorbent. Various biological as well as physicochemical treatment processes are discussed and compared on the basis of costs, energy requirement, removal efficiency, limitations and advantages. Sorption using natural plant materials, industrial and agricultural waste has been demonstrated to have the potential to replace conventional methods for the removal of heavy metals because of its cost effectiveness, efficiency and the local availability of these materials as biosorbent. The parameters affecting sorption, such as initial ion concentration, pH, sorbent dosage, particle size and temperature, are discussed. The overall treatment cost of metal and cyanide contaminated wastewater depends on the process employed and the local conditions. In general, technical applicability, cost‐effectiveness and plant simplicity are the key factors in selecting the most suitable treatment method. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry