阈探测器法测量Am-Be中子源屏蔽辐照腔内的中子能谱

选用多种活化箔片作为阈探测器,测量了Am-Be中子源屏蔽辐照腔内的中子能谱。在待测中子场点对活化箔片进行辐照后,测量各箔片生成放射性核的γ放射性,计算出各箔片的实验比反应率。运用SAND-Ⅱ迭代方法,求解出Am-Be中子源屏蔽辐照腔内的中子能谱。详细分析了初始谱、能群划分、能群截面等对解谱准确度的影响。     

西安脉冲堆大空间中子辐照实验平台辐射场参数测量

西安脉冲堆于2010年建成了大空间中子辐照实验平台。本文介绍了该实验平台辐射场设计参数、辐射场测量方法和实测结果。采用蒙特卡罗方法计算了实验平台内中子初始谱。利用多箔活化法测量了中子能谱,解谱方法采用遗传算法,并与SAND-Ⅱ解谱方法进行了对比,对比结果较为一致,证明了遗传算法解谱的有效性。应用热释光剂量计测量了γ射线吸收剂量率。测量结果表明,该实验平台辐射场参数符合设计要求。     

Using activation method to measure neutron spectrum in an irradiation chamber of a research reactor

Neutron spectrum should be measured before test samples are irradiated.Neutron spectrum in an irradiation chamber of a research reactor was measured by using activation method when the reactor is in normal operation under 2 MW.Sixteen kinds of non-fission foils(19 reaction channels) were selected,of which 10 were sensitive to thermal and intermediate energy regions,while the others were of different threshold energy and sensitive to fast energy regions.By measuring the foil radioactivity,the neutron spectrum was unfolded with the iterative methods SAND-Ⅱ and MSIT.Finally,shielding corrections of group cross-section and main factors affecting the calculation accuracy were studied and the uncertainty of solution was analyzed using the Monte Carlo method in the process of SAND-Ⅱ.     

中子小角散射谱仪Q分辨率计算和对形状因子影响分析

介绍了中子小角散射谱仪分辨率函数及其相关的Q标准差计算方法,分析了Q标准差有关谱仪的几何布局、中子的波长弥散对其的影响.介绍了一维Q分辨高斯函数计算方法.结合两个具体谱仪布局和一个理想实心球体的形状因子曲线,卷积得到了不同谱仪布局下形状因子的弥散曲线,对精确分析中子小角散射数据,应结合使用谱仪分辨率函数.     

嫦娥一号卫星X射线谱仪能量响应矩阵的计算

介绍了嫦娥一号卫星X射线谱仪能量响应矩阵的计算方法,根据谱仪标定试验的标定数据计算了谱仪各路探测器的能量响应矩阵;根据谱仪的能量响应矩阵由直接解调方法对试验测得的放射源能谱和元素荧光能谱进行了解谱,较好的重现了放射源和各元素的特征能量.     

北京谱仪-Ⅱ主漂移室干扰噪声的研究

研究了北京谱仪－Ⅱ主漂移室干扰噪声（ｐｉｃｋ－ｕｐ噪声）的主要表现形式,分析了噪声的来源,提出了解决办法。     

中国实验快堆C31系统HPGe γ谱仪效率刻度的点源模拟

中国实验快堆燃料破损覆盖气体监测系统γ谱仪采用的是ORTEC公司的HPGe γ谱仪,监测对象是覆盖气体(氩气)。由于很难找到谱仪效率刻度相对应的标准气体体源,对谱仪的效率刻度带来了困难。本文在参考大量文献的基础上利用点源模拟的方法来进行HPGe γ谱仪的全能峰效率刻度,解决了中国实验快堆燃料破损覆盖气体监测系统(C31系统)谱仪效率刻度的困难。     

应用几种谱仪测定大量~(242)Cm中的少量~(241)Am

本文介绍了用Si(Li)谱仪,Ge(Li)谱仪和α-γ符合谱仪测定大量~(242)Cm中少量~(241)Am杂质的方法。描述了三种方法的特点,并比较了它们的测量灵敏度和准确度。     

西安脉冲堆~3He快中子夹心谱仪的方案设计

本文介绍了3He快中子夹心谱仪的气体填充、探测器、三通道数字符合和数据分析处理系统,描述了探测器系统的理论分析及实验标定方法,提出了谱仪符合本底计数的来源,绐出了扣除几种符合本底的理论和实验方法,研究结果表明本工作可指导3He快中子夹心谱仪的深入研究.     

中子衍射应力谱仪的模拟计算

中子衍射法是迄今为止可直接测量材料或工程部件内部深处应力场分布的唯一非破坏性方法,在工程上具有重要的应用。论文用McStas软件模拟计算了应力谱仪样品台处的注量率,同时理论计算了谱仪的分辨率,并且分析了第二准直器对样品台处中子注量率和谱仪分辨率的影响,结果表明谱仪的第二准直器对中子注量率影响很大,样品处衍射角小于120°时,谱仪分辨率良好。     

Atomic-Oxygen Beam Source with Compact ECR Plasma

An atomic-Oxygen beam source with compact ECR plasma was succesfully investigated.the microwave was produced and transmitted in a coaxial mode,and coupled with the loop ,The plasma was produced as a higher asymmetry magnetic mirror field,and neutralized with the molybdenum target at a lower asymmetry magnetic mirror field.The magnetic field was constituted with permanent magnets.this source has a higher flux density of stom beam, a lower operating pressure ,a smaller power consumption and low-cost.When it was installed at the equipment to study the interaction of the beam with the surface,the operation was carried out very easily and with a good stability.     

Experimental Study of Reversely Switched Dynistor Discharge Based on Gap Breakdown Load

Breakdown characteristics of a gap breakdown load was investigated in this study, and a Reversely Switched Dynistor (RSD) discharge circuit was designed based on the load. Based on the characteristics of the load the RSD discharge circuit was improved and optimized. The volume of the magnetic switch was reduced. To protect the thyristor and RSD, a diode was anti-parallely connected with the thyristor, which reduced the time requirement when a power voltage was applied to RSD. Experimental results show the circuit designed in this study can switch a high voltage and high current smoothly, and allows the power voltage to change in a wider range.     

反应型压制去污剂喷洒数值模拟与试验研究

针对目前反应型压制去污剂喷洒作业中常出现喷嘴堵塞问题,提出一种压缩空气喷洒反应型压制去污剂的作业方法,设计了一种喷洒专用喷头。建立喷头喷洒过程流体分析模型,基于计算流体动力学方法(CFD)对喷头在不同入口压力下的内部流场压力、流速及喷洒状态进行了模拟。 分析表明,当喷嘴入口压力高于2 MPa时,反应型压制去污剂的喷洒雾化均匀。为验证结构设计及分析模型的合理性,搭建喷洒试验装置,对反应型压制去污剂喷洒性能开展了试验研究。实际喷洒效果与仿真结果较为接近;去污剂的喷洒雾化较为均匀,喷洒效果较好。     

Thermotransport in γ(bcc) U-Zr alloys: A phase-field model study

Atomic transport in the presence of a temperature gradient, commonly known as thermotransport or the thermomigration phenomenon, was simulated for U-Zr alloys using a phase-field model derived from irreversible thermodynamics. The free energy of the U-Zr system, a necessary ingredient for the phase-field-model, was directly incorporated from the available thermodynamic database. Kinetic parameters such as atomic mobility and heat of transport terms were obtained from experimental values reported in the literature. The model was applied to a single-phase (bcc-γ phase) alloy and to a diffusion couple consisting of two single-phase (bcc-γ phase) alloys of different compositions, both subjected to a constant temperature gradient. Constituent redistribution in the absence and presence of a compositional gradient was examined. An enrichment of Zr with a corresponding depletion of U was observed at the hot end of the initially homogeneous single-phase alloy. A similar atomic transport behavior was observed in the diffusion couple, where the magnitude and direction of the final composition gradient was dictated by the combined influence of atomic mobility and heat of transport terms.     

棒状氢化锆慢化钍基熔盐堆燃料组件稳态核热耦合程序开发

基于蒙特卡罗粒子输运程序MCNP与自主开发的子通道热工水力学程序SubTH,开发了棒状氢化锆慢化钍基熔盐堆燃料组件稳态核热耦合程序MCNP-SubTH,解决核热耦合程序因网格类型不同难以耦合的问题,程序具有普适性。MCNP-SubTH通过外耦合的方式进行MCNP和SubTH之间的数据交换,将MCNP计算得到的功率场加载到SubTH的求解文件中,然后将SubTH计算得到的密度和温度场更新到MCNP的输入卡中,实现程序迭代计算。分模块验证了MCNP-SubTH的准确性,并用MCNP-SubTH对棒状氢化锆慢化钍基熔盐堆燃料组件进行了稳态核热耦合计算,验证了核热耦合方法的有效性。     

Experimental study of rotating wind turbine breakdown characteristics in large scale air gaps

When a wind turbine is struck by lightning,its blades are usually rotating.The effect of blade rotation on a turbine's ability to trigger a lightning strike is unclear.Therefore,an arching electrode was used in a wind turbine lightning discharge test to investigate the difference in lightning triggering ability when blades are rotating and stationary.A negative polarity switching waveform of 250/2500 μs was applied to the arching electrode and the up-and-down method was used to calculate the 50%discharge voltage.Lightning discharge tests of a 1:30 scale wind turbine model with 2,4,and 6 m air gaps were performed and the discharge process was observed.The experimental results demonstrated that when a 2 m air gap was used,the breakdown voltage increased as the blade speed was increased,but when the gap length was 4 m or longer,the trend was reversed and the breakdown voltage decreased.The analysis revealed that the rotation of the blades changes the charge distribution in the blade-tip region,promotes upward leader development on the blade tip,and decreases the breakdown voltage.Thus,the blade rotation of a wind turbine increases its ability to trigger lightning strikes.     

Research on Coupling of Neutronics and Thermal-hydraulics for Fuel Assembly of Thorium Molten Salt Reactor Moderatedby Zirconium Hydride Rod

Based on Monte Carlo particle transport code MCNP and self-developed sub-channel thermal-hydraulic code SubTH, a code system MCNP-SubTH coupling neutronics with thermal-hydraulics was developed, which was suitable for steady state analysis for a thorium molten salt reactor moderated by zirconium hydride rod (ZrH-MSR). It solved the difficulties in the neutronics and thermal-hydraulics coupling code due to different mesh types, and has a general validity. MCNP-SubTH exchanged data between MCNP and SubTH by an external coupling. The power density field obtained from MCNP was provided as a SubTH solution file to give a user-specified source term, and then the density and temperature field from SubTH was updated and as a new MCNP input file by MCNP-SubTH to realize iterative calculation. The accuracy of MCNP-SubTH was verified by each relatively independent module. MCNP-SubTH application in the fuel assembly of ZrH-MSR was studied, and its validity was verified.     

A Mutant Strain of a Surfactant-Producing Bacterium with Increased Emulsification Activity

As reported in this paper, a strain of oil-degrading bacterium Sp - 5 - 3 was determined to belong to Enterobacteriaceae, which would be useful for microbial enhanced oil recovery (MEOR). The aim of our study was to generate a mutant using low energy N+ beam implantation. With 10 keV of energy and 5.2×1014 N+/cm2 of dose - the optimum condition, a mutant, S-34, was obtained, which had nearly a 5-fold higher surface and a 13-fold higher of emulsifica-tion activity than the wild type. The surface activity was measured by two methods, namely, a surface tension measuring instrument and a recording of the repulsive circle of the oil film; the emulsification activity was scaled through measuring the separating time of the oil-fermentation mixture. The metabolic acid was determined as methane by means of gas chromatography.     

Cathode-follower RF system for proton synchrotron and compressorrings

A model RF system with a cathode-follower was tested in its two operational modes without beam. One was for a synchrotron, where the frequency was modulated at 40 Hz; the other was for a compressor ring, where a barrier bucket was generated. Contrary to a simple theory on the inherent instability of the cathode-follower, the RF generation was quite stable in a wide frequency range     

稳定同位素~(15)N标记螺旋藻的生物合成

15N-螺旋藻是一种重要的同位素示踪剂,应用于生命科学、药物代谢、病理代谢等研究中。由于15N原料十分昂贵,15N-螺旋藻只能由室内小规模生物培养而获得。本工作就室内培养螺旋藻的温度、光照强度、pH等条件进行了探索。结果显示,室温25℃、连续光照、光照强度3 000~4 000 lux、初始pH9.0是室内培养15N-螺旋藻的适宜条件。采用正交设计进行配方优化,优选出培养15N-螺旋藻配方。在优化条件下培养15N-螺旋藻,15N的原料成本投入大幅降低,产品丰度98%。