液态泡沫铝单条Plateau边界演化机理研究

针对液态泡沫铝单条Plateau边界的析液现象进行数值研究.在不考虑气泡合并的情况下,表面张力、溶液粘度、重力加速度是影响Plateau边界内部析液的主要因素.对单条Plateau边界内部流动进行了数值模拟,并和实验值相对比,其中内部流场采用非交错网格的SIMPLE差分格式求解.研究结果表明,单条Plateau内部速度场与前人模拟结果较吻合.此研究为制作铝合金泡沫材料提供了重要的指导意义.     

节点在液态铝合金泡沫析液过程中的耗散作用分析

液态金属泡沫是由大量气泡密集堆积在金属熔体中形成,本身处于非平衡态,可以看成是一种软物质.泡沫析液在微观上是液体在气泡间隙内的微流动过程,是影响泡沫稳定的主要因素之一.采用SurfaceEvolver(2.30)软件计算得到不同液体体积分数(含液率)时泡沫节点形状,然后利用CFD软件(FLUENT 6.2)计算了不同气液界面边界条件下节点的内部流场,并分析节点对泡沫析液过程的影响.通过建立节点在析液过程中流动能量耗散模型,计算液态金属铝泡沫析液速率与流量的关系,数值计算结果表明:平均速率u与流量Q的关系接近u∝Q0.5;流量Q与压力差△p之间存在△p∝ logQ的关系.     

泡沫交替注入参数优化设计

为了使注入的泡沫能均匀分散,充分发挥调驱作用,选用发泡剂OA进行实验,研究最优气液比、段塞大小和注入速度。同时研究泡沫在不同地层压力下的封堵特性,指出地层压力越高,泡沫封堵能力越差。最后分析现场需要注入的产生泡沫的气液段塞,并推导出其计算公式。     

垂直上升气液两相弹状流液弹空隙度研究

目的建立垂直上升气液两相弹状流液弹空隙度模型．方法通过考虑Ｔａｙｌｏｒ气泡与尾随液弹之间的气体交换建立垂直上升气液两相弹状流液弹空隙度模型;用实验来验证和评价模型的正确性．结果模型计算结果与本文实验数据及其它相关数据进行了比较,两者符合较好,模型计算值与实验数据的误差在±２０％以内．结论推荐的模型可以准确地预测垂直上升气液两相弹状流液弹空隙度．     

含有高径比参数的填料塔体动持液量和泛点气速经验关联式

根据直径15瓷拉西环填料在不同高径比时体动持液量的实验值和优化计算方法，得出含有高径比参数的体动持液量计算经验关联式，由此关联式推得算出泛点气速，并简要分析了泛点气速度变化引起泛点体动持液量变化与高径比的关系。     

交替式注入泡沫复合驱实验研究

针对孤岛油田中二中Ng3-4聚合物驱后油藏条件,通过物模手段研究了交替式注入泡沫复合驱的特征及驱油能力.长细管实验表明,交替式注入泡沫复合驱,低气液比时模型两端的封堵压差上升缓慢,交替周期越大封堵效果越差.非均质模型驱油实验表明,泡沫复合驱主要是通过扩大波及体积来提高采收率,在与聚合物驱相同注入量条件下,其封堵能力是聚合物驱的2倍.     

气液固循环流化床预分布器附近流体动力学的数值研究

在气液固循环流化床(GLSCFB)内,以空气、水和玻璃珠为气液固流化介质,利用计算流体力学(CFD)软件Fluent 6.2,在室温常压条件下,采用欧拉模型系统研究了预分布器结构、液速对反应器内固体径向速度分布和液相湍动能的影响。计算结果表明,在预分布器附近,液相湍流动能随表观液体速度增大而明显增大;预分布器可以有效地改善固体颗粒径向速度分布的不均匀性,变孔径分布器效果最好;低表观液速下,颗粒径向分布的计算值与实验值吻合良好,随液速增大误差增大。通过实验值与计算值的比较,证实了数值模型的可靠性。     

在气液雾状流中传热分析与实验

对加热体在气液雾状流中传热过程进行了理论分析与实验研究。通过假设,建立了换热面上液膜的积分方程;应用尺度分析方法,简化获得了传热过程的计算模型。通过与实验结果比较,该计算模型在液滴百分数小于0．6范围内与实验结果非常一致。     

三相反应器的气含率与液速分布和数值模拟

研究了一定操作条件下的气液固三相鼓泡床反应器的气含率和液体轴向速度分布,讨论了气、液表观速度对气含率和液体轴向速度分布的影响,比较了三相与两相鼓泡床中气含率和液体轴向速度分布,用拟两相的双流体模型计算了三相鼓泡床中的气含率和液体轴向速度．结果表明,模拟结果与实验结果一致．     

三相反应器的气含率与液速分布和数值模拟

研究了一定操作条件下的气液固三相鼓泡床反应器的气含率和液体轴向速度分布,讨论了气、液表观速度对气含率和液体轴向速度分布的影响,比较了三相与两相鼓泡床中气含率和液体轴向速度分布,用拟两相的双流体模型计算了三相鼓泡床中的气含率和液体轴向速度。结果表明,模拟结果与实验结果一致。     

Thermo-hydro-mechanical coupled mathematical model for controlling the pre-mining coal seam gas extraction with slotted boreholes

Drainage influence radius is the basic parameter for borehole arrangement, while the effect of high pressure water jet slotting technology on borehole drainage influence radius has not been studied systematically. In this paper, a fully thermo-hydro-mechanical(THM) coupled model which represents the non-linear responses of gas extraction was implemented to demonstrate the reliability of this model through history data matching. Based on this model, the susceptibilities of gas extraction with single slotted borehole, including the permeability, the gas pressure, the temperature, the coal adsorption characteristics and the radius of slot, were quantified through a series of simulations. The simulation results revealed that increasing the permeability, initial gas pressure and temperature could develop the influence radius of single slotted borehole. This finite element model and its simulation results can improve the understanding of the coal-gas interactions of underground gas drainage and provide a scientific basis for the optimization of drainage systems.     

基于元胞自动机法的铝合金定向凝固过程微观组织数值模拟

基于溶质扩散和界面能的作用,考虑成分过冷、曲率过冷和界面能各向异性和界面扰动,并改进了溶质再分配的算法以及界面液相浓度偏导数的离散格式,建立了凝固过程中晶体的生长模型。利用此模型并采用元胞自动机方法对铝合金定向凝固过程中的平界面、胞状和枝晶状三种典型界面形貌演化进行了模拟,并把模拟参数和模拟结果与经典凝固理论进行了比较,发现在G/V值略小于成分过冷判据给出的临界值时就已经获得平界面。并验证了平均一次枝晶间距与温度梯度和抽拉速度的变化关系,与理论结果吻合较好。     

潘三矿立井揭煤瓦斯抽采模拟研究

瓦斯抽采对于立井揭突出煤层起到重要的作用,准确的确定钻孔瓦斯有效抽采半径和合理的在待抽煤层中布置抽采钻场对煤层消突具有关键性作用。基于多孔介质中流体流动达西定律理论,采用COMSOL Multiphysics软件对该煤层瓦斯抽采进行了模拟。模拟结果表明,此煤层的瓦斯有效抽采半径为3 m,随着抽采时间的增加,煤层瓦斯压力逐渐的降低,但降低的速率会逐渐的减小。瓦斯抽采30天后,其残余的瓦斯压力为0．18 MPa ,这与现场实测的最大残余瓦斯压力0．2 MPa相接近,这说明了模型的可信性,其模拟结果可为瓦斯抽采设计提供参考。     

水平管气液段塞流流动特征模拟

基于OpenFoam开源软件建立VOF方法下的三维流动模型。对内径0.05 m,长16 m的水平管气液两相下不同气液速的分层流、波浪流、气泡流、塞状流、段塞流进行模拟,并与Mandhane流型图进行对比分析,模拟结果与理论、实验相一致,验证了该模型的有效性。重点通过该模型对段塞流的起塞、液塞的成长和演化过程进行研究,得到起塞时界面波的变化特点和不同气液速度差的液塞流动特征,发现了液塞运动时液塞头具有抛出现象及液塞的类波运动。     

Influence of Density on Compressive Properties and Energy Absorption of Foamed Aluminum Alloy

The foamed aluminum alloys with different densities were fabricated by melt foaming technique. The compressive properties and energy absorption of the foamed aluminum alloy with different densities were analyzed. The results reveal that the compressive stress-strain curves follow the typical behavior of cellu- lar foams with three deformation stages. Under the same strain, the energy absorption capability decreases with the decrease of density. However, with increasing the strain, the energy absorption efficiency of foamed metal increases initially and then decreases. The lower the density, the longer the plateau region, within the range of high strain, the energy absorption efficiency is always high.     

渤海油田弱凝胶与泡沫复合调驱体系优化

采用流变、常规量筒法、扫描电镜及显微镜,研究了优选出的3种弱凝胶与SD发泡剂的复配体系的起泡性能、黏度、稳定性以及微观结构。结果表明,起泡剂与弱凝胶复配之后,体系的各项性能得到明显改善。复配体系半衰期增大,泡沫黏度增大,稳定性增强,明显优于单一体系。在弱凝胶与泡沫复合调驱体系中,凝胶易在气泡表面形成吸附膜,将泡沫包裹在内部,增强了气液界面的黏度,使得泡沫不容易发生聚并破裂,从而增强了泡沫的稳定性以及黏度,使得其半衰期也增大。     

气升式环流反应器的流体动力学模型

用空气-水体系,在下降管直径和上升管直径分别为0.03m和0.09m,反应器的总高度为1.3m的气升式环流反应器中对气含率和流体循环速度进行了实验研究,总结了液体速度和气含率随表观气速的变化规律;根据动量平衡原理和漂流通量模型建立了气升式环流反应器中液体循环速度和气含率间的理论关系式,给出了各局部阻力损失系数的计算方法,并对这些阻力损失系数和分布参数进行了计算,实验结果表明,气速小于0.065m*s-1时,气含率与下降管液体速度随气速的增加明显增加,在实验气速范围内,总阻力损失系数与气速无关,其值为3.75.模型计算表明,循环液速和气含率的预测值与实测值的平均相对误差分别为3.6%和0.29%.     

Water distribution and removal along the flow channel in proton exchange membrane fuel cells

Distribution expressions of total gas pressure and partial water vapor pressure along the channel direction were established based on lumped model by analyzing pressure loss in the channel and gas diffusion in the layer. The mechanism of droplet formation in the flow channel was also analyzed. Effects of the relative humidity, working temperature and stoichiometry on liquid water formation were discussed in detail. Moreover, the force equilibrium equation of the droplet in the flow channel was deduced, and the critical flow velocity for the water droplet removal was also addressed. The experimental results show that the threshold position of the liquid droplet is far from the inlet with the increase of temperature, and it decreases with the increase of the inlet total pressure. The critical flow velocity decreases with the increase of the radius and the working pressure.     

Influence of diffusion time on property of steel—aluminum solid to liquid bonding

The bonding of solid steel to liquid aluminum was conducted using rapid solidification.The influence of diffusion time on interfacial shear strength was studied.The results show that when the temperature of aluminum liquid is 700℃and the preheat temperature of steel plate is 250℃,the relationship between diffusion time(t) and interfacial shear strength(σ)is σ=15.1 8.14t-0.37t 0.005t^3,and the maximum interfacial shear strength is 71.1MPa.     

The Bonding Properties of Solid Steel to Liquid Aluminum

The bonding of solid steel plate to liquid aluminum was studied using rapid solidification. The relationship models of interfacial shear strength and thickness of interfacial layer of bonding plate vs bonding parameters ( such as preheat temperature of steel plate, temperature of aluminum liquid and bonding time ) were respectively established by artificial neural networks perfectly. The bonding parameters for the largest interfacial shear strength were optimized with genetic algorithm successfully. They are 226℃ for preheating temperature of steel plate, 723℃ for temperature of aluminum liquid and 15.8s for bonding time, and the largest interfacial shear strength of bonding plate is 71.6MPa. Under these conditions, the corresponding reasonable thickness of interfacial layer (10.8μm) is gotten using the relationship model established by artificial neural networks.