AZ91D热化学反应热喷涂陶瓷涂层耐蚀性研究

在镁合金AZ91D表面使用火焰喷涂制备陶瓷涂层，陶瓷涂层粉末配方为Al2O3＋TiO2＋SiO2＋ZnO＋Al。在喷涂制备涂层过程中伴随热化学反应的进行，涂层X射线分析发现，涂层内有MgSiO4、MgAl2O4等新相生成。耐蚀性试验表明，涂层的耐酸性能比基体提高了4倍，耐盐性能提高了1倍。     

基质氧化物对热化学反应型氧化物陶瓷涂层耐蚀性的影响

采用热化学反应法分别以Al2O3和SiO2为基质氧化物在850℃下制备陶瓷涂层,通过对陶瓷涂层的物相分析,热震性能测试、致密性以及耐蚀性测试分析比较,确定两种基质氧化物对陶瓷涂层性能影响。结果显示:经热固化后两种涂层均产生了大量新相,增加了涂层的抗热震性能的同时新相本身具有的化学稳定性使涂层的耐酸、碱、盐能力不同程度上提升,但是由于SiO2本身的性质使涂层更致密,因此综合耐蚀性优于Al2O3基陶瓷涂层。     

纯铜热化学反应热喷涂陶瓷/渗铝复合涂层耐蚀性研究

采用火焰喷涂技术在铜基体表面先后喷涂渗铝层和陶瓷涂层,并加热保温,制备成铜基陶瓷/渗铝复合涂层。用XRD和SEM对涂层进行组织结构分析和形貌观察,并测试涂层的硬度、抗热震性和耐蚀性。结果表明,复合涂层中有Cu9Al4、Cu5Zn8、Cu3Ti等新相生成;渗铝层部分有γ2相（Cu9Al4）析出且涂层与基体结合紧密;复合涂层的硬度为82～87 HRE,其耐热震次数可达50次以上;复合涂层封孔后的耐酸蚀能力提高到基体的16倍,耐盐蚀能力提高到基体的25倍;极化试验表明,复合涂层抗电化学腐蚀能力显著增强,其耐蚀性能远优于纯铜渗铝层和单纯陶瓷涂层。     

AZ31B镁合金表面SHS反应热喷涂复相陶瓷涂层的制备及性能

采用SHS反应火焰喷涂技术,把Al-TiO2-B2O3铝热反应剂引入喷涂材料中,采用机械球磨和聚乙烯醇(PVA)造粒制成喷涂复合粉末,在镁合金AZ31B表面制备Al2O3基复相陶瓷涂层.利用XRD和SEM分析了喷涂复合粉末和复合陶瓷涂层的组成及形貌,并对涂层的热震性能、致密性、显微硬度和耐磨性进行测试.结果表明:复合粉末经12 h球磨后发生铝热反应,粉末呈球形及少量片状,造粒后形成相互包覆的球形结构.涂层中生成TiB2、MgAl2O4等新相.该复合涂层熔化较充分,涂层与基体结合紧密,界面处Mg元素有扩散.复合涂层热震次数可达45次,清漆封孔后,孔隙率为0%,致密性很好,最大显微硬度值达1224 HV0.1,耐磨性比镁合金基体提高8倍以上.涂层热震性能、致密性、显微硬度和耐磨性明显优于普通热喷涂陶瓷涂层.     

放热体系对镁合金反应热喷涂陶瓷涂层耐蚀性能的影响

采用相同的陶瓷骨料和热喷涂工艺,放热体系分别为Al/CuO和Al-TiO2-B2O3,制备热喷涂陶瓷涂层,通过对涂层表面形貌观察、物相分析、孔隙率,耐酸性(5%醋酸),耐盐性(3.5%NaCl)测试比较放热体系对陶瓷涂层耐蚀性能影响。结果表明:与基体AZ31B相比,采用Al-CuO为放热体系的陶瓷涂层耐酸性提高23.37倍,耐盐性提高16.33倍,Al-TiO2-B2O3放热体系陶瓷涂层的耐酸性提高12.91倍,耐盐性提高7.46倍,Al-CuO放热体系陶瓷涂层耐蚀性优于Al-TiO2-B2O3放热体系陶瓷涂层。     

颗粒增强铝基涂层的组织结构与摩擦学性能

选用常规微米尺度Al2O3粉体和纳米结构Al2O3-TiO2粉体作为硬质颗粒,采用等离子喷涂方法在45钢基体上制备了Al2O3/Al2O3-TiO2颗粒增强铝基复合涂层,采用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)和维氏硬度计观察和测试涂层的形貌、物相及显微硬度,通过滑动摩擦磨损试验分析涂层的摩擦学性能。结果显示,Al/Al2O3涂层的表面形貌和纯铝涂层非常相似,Al/Al2O3-TiO2涂层表面可以看到未熔、半熔和全熔的增强相存在。Al/Al2O3涂层的主要物相为Al和α-Al2O3,Al/Al2O3-TiO2涂层的主要物相为Al、α-Al2O3和TiO。随着增强相加入量的提高,Al/Al2O3涂层和Al/Al2O3-TiO2涂层的硬度不断提高;当添加量为30%时,硬度分别比未加增强相时提高了67%和76%。加入增强相的涂层的平均摩擦因数都有较大幅度的减小,加入30%Al2O3的Al/Al2O3涂层的磨损量比未加入增强相涂层的磨损量下降85.6%,Al/Al2O3-TiO2涂层的磨损量比未加入增强相涂层的磨损量下降74%左右,表明硬质颗粒Al2O3和Al2O3-TiO2的加入,可显著提高涂层的耐磨性。     

热喷涂合成Fe3Al基涂层的高温摩擦学特性

采用自制的新型热喷涂粉芯丝材和高速电弧喷涂技术成功制备出Fe3Al金属化合物基合金涂层，对涂层的组织、成分和相结构进行了初步分析，并测试了涂层在室温至650℃的摩擦学特性。结果表明：Fe3Al涂层的基体相由含29％Al(摩尔分数)的Fe3Al和FeAl二相混合物组成，Fe3Al／WC涂层基体为Fe-26％Al(摩尔分数)合金；添加少量WC硬质相的Fe3Al／WC涂层具有良好的高温减摩特性和耐磨性，450℃和650℃其相对耐磨性分别比20g钢高1．92倍和9．23倍；WC／W2C硬质相对Fe3Al基体的强化作用，以及涂层表面形成具有自保护作用的高硬度致密氧化膜是Fe3Al／WC涂层高温耐磨性提高的主要原因。     

工业纯铜膏剂法陶瓷/渗铝复合涂层耐磨性研究

采用膏剂法及加热扩散在纯铜表面制备铜基陶瓷/渗铝复合涂层。观察分析了复合涂层的形貌和结构,并研究了该复合涂层的抗热震性能、涂层硬度、耐磨性。结果表明:纯铜膏剂法热化学反应陶瓷/渗铝复合涂层中有Na7Al3O8、Cu3TiO4、Cu9Al4等新相生成;复合涂层在700℃条件下热震次数可达40次以上;复合涂层的硬度可达83.8 HRE,耐磨性实验中,复合陶瓷涂层的相对耐磨性是基体的5.40倍;复合陶瓷涂层的黏着磨损(干摩擦)相对耐磨性是基体的5.64倍;复合陶瓷涂层的黏着磨损(油摩擦)相对耐磨性是基体的10.14倍。     

平面铁基Al2O3陶瓷涂层的SHS/PHIP法制备

利用燃烧合成结合准热等静压(简称SHS/PHIP)技术在钢板表面制备金属陶瓷复合涂层.采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱(EDS)、硬度仪及抗热震性测试仪等测试手段对合成的涂层进行了研究.结果表明:涂层主要是由α-Al2O3相、FeAl2O4(FeO·Al2O3)相组成的金属陶瓷复合体系,其显微组织均匀致密,涂层与基体间为冶金结合,硬度是基体的2.5倍,抗热震试验显示涂层具有良好的结合力.     

镁合金热化学反应法A12O3基纳米陶瓷涂层的耐磨性研究

采用热化学反应法在MB2镁合金表面制备了含纳米Al2O3粒子的陶瓷涂层,研究了涂层的耐磨性、测试了涂层的耐热冲击性,并采用XRD分析其相结构.结果表明,含纳米Al2O3粒子陶瓷涂层的耐热冲击性优异,耐磨性相对于基体显著提高;含纳米Al2O3粒子的涂层中含有新相Mg2SiO4和Al2SiO5、ZnAl2O4及MgMnSiO4.     

X-ray diffraction study of Ba0.985Na0.015Ti0.985Nb0.015O3, Ba0.6Na0.4Ti0.6Nb0.4O3 and Ba0.3Na0.7Ti0.3Nb0.7O3 compositions

The Ba_0.985Na_0.015Ti_0.985Nb_0.015O₃, Ba_0.6Na_0.4Ti_0.6Nb_0.4O₃ and Ba_0.3Na_0.7Ti_0.3Nb_0.7O₃ compositions of the (1 − x) BaTiO₃–xNaNbO₃ (BTNNx) system have been studied by X-ray diffraction and by measurements of dielectric properties. The specimens with composition BTNN (x = 0.015, 0.40 and 0.70) have been refined by the JANA program from X-ray powder diffraction data. Ceramic samples with composition (1 − x) BaTiO₃ + xNaNbO₃ (where x = 0.015, 0.40 and 0.70) were prepared by calcinations from appropriate mixture of BaCO₃, TiO₂, Na₂CO₃ and Nb₂O₅. The calcined powder was sintered at temperature range 1200–1400 °C. As the composition x increased from 0.015 (and 0.70), the ferroelectric ceramics (x = 0.015, FE) with tetragonal phase changed to the ferroelectric relaxors (RFE, x = 0.40). RFE ceramics showed a peculiar diffuse phase transition and dielectric relaxation at the low temperature (down to 180 K) due to a frustration between RFE and FE state. These ceramics present the classical ferroelectric character when 0 ≤ x < 0.075 and 0.55 < x ≤ 1 and relaxor character when 0.075 ≤ x ≤ 0.55.     

Magnetic, electrical and plastic properties of Fe76Nb2Si13B9, Fe75Ag1Nb2Si13B9 and Fe75Cu1Nb2Si13B9 amorphous alloys

Influence of 1 h annealing in vacuum on magnetic, electrical and plastic properties of Fe₇₆Nb₂Si₁₃B₉, Fe₇₅Ag₁Nb₂Si₁₃B₉ and Fe₇₅Cu₁Nb₂Si₁₃B₉ melt spun ribbons were carefully investigated. It was shown that in all cases soft magnetic properties can be significantly enhanced by applying 1-h annealing at characteristic temperatures T_op. This optimization annealing causes that permeability increases more than 15-times and magnetic losses (tangent of loss angle) achieves a minimum in relation to the as quenched state. Using structural examinations (X-ray and HRTEM) it was shown that for the Fe₇₅Cu₁Nb₂Si₁₃B₉ alloy the optimized microstructure corresponds to a nanocrystalline αFe(Si) phase whereas in other alloys to a relaxed amorphous phase free of iron nanograins. As a consequence of this fact the Fe₇₆Nb₂Si₁₃B₉ and Fe₇₅Ag₁Nb₂Si₁₃B₉ alloys show higher plasticity in comparison to the nanocrystalline Fe₇₅Cu₁Nb₂Si₁₃B₉ alloy. Temperatures of the first stage of crystallization, and related diffusion parameters were determined using measurements of resistivity versus temperature with different heating rates.     

Fe2+-Ni2+-NH3-NH4+-C2O42-H2O体系的沉淀配合平衡热力学

针对草酸盐配位共沉淀热分解还原法制备超细铁镍合金粉过程中Fe2+-Ni2+-NH3-NH4+-C2O42--H2O体系的溶液平衡建立热力学分析模型,并根据模型进行相关计算,揭示反应体系中各物质随pH值、氨及草酸浓度的变化关系。结果表明:溶液中的Fe主要以[Fe(C2O4)n]2 2n络合物形式存在,而铁氨络合物含量很低。当氨含量较低时,溶液中的Ni主要以[Ni(C2O4)n]2 2n存在;氨含量较高时,在酸性条件下,溶液中的Ni主要以[Ni(C2O4)n]2 2n存在,在碱性条件下,则主要以[Ni(NH3)n]2+存在。低pH值下,Ni的沉淀率较Fe的高,而高pH值下,Ni的沉淀率则较Fe的低。     

Al2O3-Sm2O3-CeO2电解质的性能（英文）

采用溶胶-凝胶法和低温燃烧技术制备Ce1-xSmxO2（x=0,0.1,0.2,0.3）和掺杂Sm和（2%-8%）Al2O3的二氧化铈;研究其合成、结构、致密化、导电性和热膨胀等性能,并利用XRD研究其结构和相组成。结果表明,于1300°C烧结球团,获得致密的陶瓷,于1250°C在Ce0.8Sm0.2O0.2中加入2%和4%的Al2O3以促进烧结。利用扫描电子显微镜观察烧结后球团的表面形貌,使用双探针交流阻抗谱研究总离子电导率。     

Synthesis and electrochemical properties of LiNi0.4Mn1.5Cr0.1O4 and Li4Ti5O12

Spinel compound LiNi_0.4Mn_1.5Cr_0.1O₄ (LNMCO) and Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ (LTO) were synthesized by the sol-gel method and the solid-state method, respectively. The particle sizes of the products LiNi_0.4Mn_1.5Cr_0.1O₄ and Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ were 0.5 to 2 um and 0.5 to 0.8 um, respectively. All samples exhibited excellent electrochemical properties. A LiNi_0.4Mn_1.5Cr_0.1O₄/Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ (LNMCO/LTO) cell was fabricated and was demonstrated to exhibit good electrochemical properties at the high current rate of 1 C. When the specific capacity was determined based on the mass of the LNMCO cathode, the LNMCO/LTO cell delivered 125 mAh g⁻¹ at 1 C and 77 mAh g⁻¹ at 5 C. The capacity retentions after 30 cycles were 94.4 % and 83.1 %, respectively.     

Sinterability and dielectric properties of Ba0.55Sr0.4Ca0.05TiO3-CaTiSiO5-Mg2TiO4 composite ceramics

The composite ceramics of Ba_0.55Sr_0.4Ca_0.05TiO₃-CaTiSiO₅-Mg₂TiO₄ (BSCT-CTS-MT) were prepared by the conventional solid-state route. The sintering performance, phase structures, morphologies, and dielectric properties of the composite ceramics were investigated. The BSCT-CTS-MT ceramics were sintered at 1100 °C and possessed dense microstructure. The dielectric constant was tailored from 1196 to 141 as the amount of Mg₂TiO₄ increased from 0 to 50 wt%. The dielectric constant and dielectric loss of 40 wt% Ba_0.55Sr_0.4Ca_0.05TiO₃-10 wt% CaTiSiO₅-50 wt% Mg₂TiO₄ was 141 and 0.0020, respectively, and the tunability was 8.64% under a DC electric field of 8.0 kV/cm. The Curie peaks were broadened and depressed after the addition of CaTiSiO₅. The optimistic dielectric properties made it a promising candidate for the application of tunable capacitors and phase shifters.     

Thermodynamics and phase diagrams in the binary systems Na2O-SiO2, Na2O-GeO2, Na2O-B2O3, Li2O-B2O3, CaO-B2O3, SrO-B2O3, and BaO-B2O3

We applied our model to the enthalpy of mixing data of the binary systems Na₂O-SiO₂, Na₂O-GeO₂, Na₂O-B₂O₃, Li₂O-B₂O₃, CaO-B₂O₃, SrO-B₂O₃, and BaO-B₂O₃. The most stable composition in the liquid, that is where the enthalpy of mixing is most negative, is with a metal-oxygen ratio of 4 to 3, for monovalent metals (Na and Li) and 3 to 4 for divalent metals (Ba and Ca) in liquid silicates or borates. The same applies to the CaO-SiO₂, CaO-Al₂O₃, PbO-B₂O₃, PbO-SiO₂, ZnO-B₂O₃, and ZnO-SiO₂ systems. The oxygen to metal ratio, its constant value in various types of systems, reflects and describes the structure of the liquid. Using the analyzed enthalpies of mixing data and the available phase diagrams, we calculated the enthalpies of formation of the various binary compounds. The results are in excellent agreement with data in the literature that were obtained from direct solid-solid calorimetry.     

Phase transition and piezoelectric properties of K0.48Na0.52NbO3-LiTa0.5Nb0.5O3-NaNbO3 lead-free ceramics

Plate-like NaNbO₃ (NN) particles were used as the raw material to fabricate (1 − x)[0.93 K_0.48Na_0.52Nb O₃-0.07Li(Ta_0.5Nb_0.5)O₃]-xNaNbO₃ lead-free piezoelectric ceramics using a conventional ceramic process. The effects of NN on the crystal structure and piezoelectric properties of the ceramics were investigated. The results of X-ray diffraction suggest that the perovskite phase coexists with the K₃Li₂Nb₅O₁₅ phase, and the tilting of the oxygen octahedron is probably responsible for the evolution of the tungsten-bronze-typed K₃Li₂Nb₅O₁₅ phase. The Curie temperature (T_C) is shifted to lower temperature with increasing NN content. (1 − x)[0.93 K_0.48Na_0.52NbO₃-0.07Li(Ta_0.5Nb_0.5)O₃]-xNaNbO₃ ceramics show obvious dielectric relaxor characteristics for x > 0.03, and the relaxor behavior of ceramics is strengthened by increasing NN content. Both the electromechanical coupling factor (k_p) and the piezoelectric constant (d₃₃) decrease with increasing amounts of NN. 0.01-0.03 mol of plate-like NaNbO₃ in 0.93 K_0.48Na_0.52NbO₃-0.07Li(Ta_0.5Nb_0.5)O₃ gives the optimum content for preparing textured ceramics by the RTGG method.