吸附制冷用复合吸附剂的吸附性能

固体吸附式制冷因具有环保和节能两大优势,成为国内外竞相开发的热点,尤其是将其用于新型空调系统和太阳能应用产品方面的开发研究备受关注．但从实用化研究成果来看,还远不满足工业化条件,其主要原因之一是受吸附制冷工质对（吸附剂-制冷剂）的性能制约．目前,国内外关于吸附制冷工质对的研究报道比较多,所采用的吸附（工）质仍然以水、甲醇、乙醇和氨为主,对于吸附剂的研究进展比较快,已从当初单一组分吸附剂的选用发展到目前多组分、复合吸附剂的研制．研制性能优良的吸附剂被认为是推动固体吸附式制冷工业化的关键之一．     

固体吸附除湿剂的制备及性能研究

针对固体吸附除湿制冷的特点,开展了高效除湿剂的制备及性能研究。通过正交实验优选出吸附剂的原料配比和制备条件;测定了吸附剂的吸附容量及吸附等温线;对自制吸附剂及13X分子筛的脱附过程进行了热分析研究。结果表明:自制复合型吸附剂NW—162和NW—164的吸附性能优于13X和5A分子筛等常规吸附剂,其中平衡吸附量大于0.7kg·kg~(-1),峰顶温度低于13X分子筛50℃左右,是有着良好应用开发前景的高效固体除湿剂。     

发动机余热驱动的固体吸附式制冷技术应用研究

吸附式制冷既节能又环保.简述了固体吸附式制冷的基本原理及热力循环过程,讨论了适合发动机余热特点的吸附制冷工质对特性,开发了一种氯化钙/活性炭复合吸附剂.介绍了吸附式制冷技术在内燃机车司机室空调、渔船制冰、重载卡车空调等领域的应用情况.指出强化吸附床的传热传质,提高系统运行稳定和可靠性是推动该技术工业化应用的关键.     

新型高效复合吸附剂开发及系统仿真

针对一种新型高效复合吸附剂开展了吸附性能实验研究,并假想将该复合吸附剂装填于一固体吸附式空调样机吸附床内进而开展仿真研究。对比研究表明该复合吸附剂不但具有比硅胶强得多的吸附能力,而且再生温度较低。装填该复合吸附剂的吸附式空调不但可以获得比装填纯硅胶时高得多的比制冷功率SCP,而且系统性能系数COP也明显高于纯硅胶系统。     

除湿空调用高效吸附剂的特性研究

对自制吸附剂 (DH 5 0 ,DH 70 )、硅胶和 13x的除湿制冷性能进行了实验研究。测定了DH 5 0和DH 70吸附剂的吸附等温线 ;对DH 5 0、DH 70、硅胶和 13x用于除湿制冷 (空调 )过程的动态特性进行了研究 ;讨论了吸附量、空气湿度、再生温度、制冷量和单位质量吸附剂的制冷功率对固体除湿空调系统的影响。结果表明 :DH 5 0和DH 70的除湿制冷性能明显优于常规吸附剂 (硅胶和 13x)。DH 5 0和DH 70吸附剂的最大平衡吸附量分别为0 .72 1kg/kg和 0 .73 6kg/kg ;在 10 0℃条件下再生 ,DH 70吸附剂的除湿制冷量是硅胶的 2 .2倍 ,单位质量吸附剂的制冷功率是硅胶 1.9倍 ;在较高再生温度 (2 0 0～ 2 5 0℃ )下 ,DH 5 0吸附剂的除湿制冷量是 13x的 1.3倍 ,单位质量DH 70吸附剂的制冷功率是 13x的 2 .2倍。DH 5 0和DH 70吸附剂具有较宽的温度使用范围 ,既适用于以低位热源驱动的除湿制冷系统 ,也可用于利用汽车尾气 (3 0 0～ 5 0 0℃ )等较高温度热源的场合     

制冷用复合吸附剂的制备和性能研究

以13x分子筛和氯化锶为主要原料,采用浸泡、压块和焙烧3种方法制备用于吸附制冷的复合吸附剂;用静态法测定自制复合吸附剂的水吸附量,焙烧法制得的复合吸附剂最高吸附量达57.6%,大大高于13x的水吸附量;通过正交实验优化自制复合吸附剂的原料配比。在吸附制冷模拟实验装置上评价复合吸附剂的制冷性能,测得COP值和SCP值最高为0.27和0.079w/g。综合实验结果,焙烧法制得的复合吸附剂优于其他两种方法。     

流化催化裂化汽油脱硫固体吸附剂研究新进展

从固体吸附材料方面综述了流化催化裂化(FCC)汽油脱硫吸附剂.根据吸附剂的种类不同,介绍了分子筛吸附剂﹑金属氧化物吸附剂﹑活性炭吸附剂和粘土吸附剂等的吸附机理﹑改性﹑脱硫效果和再生等方面的研究进展.指出吸附剂吸附选择性和吸附容量的提高和吸附机理的深入研究是脱硫固体吸附剂研究的重要方向.     

车用燃料油固体脱硫吸附剂的研究进展

吸附脱硫的优势是投资成本低、操作条件温和,其技术关键在于研发吸附硫容量大、选择性高和再生性能好的固体吸附剂。本文综述了车用燃料油固体脱硫吸附剂的研究进展,包括常规的分子筛、活性炭、金属氧化物吸附剂以及一种新型金属-有机骨架（MOFs）材料脱硫吸附剂。从吸附机理、制备方法、脱硫效果等方面分析了上述吸附剂的优缺点和改进方向。提出今后的固体脱硫吸附剂可从吸附机理出发在分子尺度上设计和组装新材料的观点。     

新颖的固体吸附式制冷与供热系统

介绍了一种新颖的固体吸附式制冷与供热系统及其研究现状。该系统主要由吸附器,冷凝器和蒸发器组成。以太阳能,工业废热低品位能源为动力,通过在封闭系统中吸附剂对制冷剂的解吸再生一吸附制冷循环来实现制冷与供热。整个装置无任何运动部件,无须润滑油,具有良好的能量供求关系。     

吸附法碳捕集固体胺吸附剂成型技术研究进展

吸附法碳捕集技术是实现工业过程或大气中CO₂分离与脱除的重要途径之一,高性能吸附剂的开发是该技术的关键。固体胺吸附剂由于其优异的CO₂吸附量、选择性以及较低的再生能耗,近年来受到了广泛的关注,但用于工业的成型吸附剂仍面临机械强度低、稳定性差和胺流失严重等关键难题,难以在工业中大范围的推广应用。本文分析了固体胺成型吸附剂制备面临的主要难题,重点总结了近年来国内外吸附剂成型技术的研发进展,并对固体胺工业吸附剂的发展方向进行了展望。未来固体胺吸附法碳捕集技术的研发重点在于立足吸附反应机理和工业烟气的特性,创新成型固体胺吸附剂制备技术,提升吸附剂的CO₂吸附量、胺效率、机械与循环稳定性,研发低能耗的配套吸附工艺和核心装置。     

固体吸附-蒸汽喷射式联合制冷循环热力分析

将吸附发生器产生的制冷剂蒸汽先进行蒸汽喷射制冷后再进行吸附制冷 ,形成的固体吸附 -蒸汽喷射式联合制冷循环具有较高的性能系数 .对联合循环的热力过程进行了分析 ,并对工作参数对联合循环制冷性能的影响进行了研究 ,结果表明这种联合制冷循环较适用于由高温余热驱动的制冷系统 .     

新型吸附床的研究进展

吸附床是吸附式制冷装置的核心部件,其性能的优劣直接关系到吸附式制冷装置的制冷效果.通过吸附床的热阻分析,得出强化吸附床传热的措施.文中重点介绍了提高吸附剂与换热壁面的换热系数和吸附剂间的导热系数来强化吸附床传热的方法,详细介绍了填充式吸附床、涂抹式吸附床以及固化式吸附床的结构特点,比较分析3种吸附床的传热传质特点,并阐...     

吸附式制冷新技术

固体吸附式制冷技术是充分利用低品位热能的一种有效手段 ,本文结合国际上吸附制冷研究的最新动态以及作者实验研究成果 ,对吸附式制冷系统及其在能量综合利用中的一些新技术进行了总结及探讨 .     

The performance of two adsorption ice making test units using activated carbon and a carbon composite as adsorbents

The available adsorption working pairs applied to adsorption refrigeration system, which utilize activated carbon as adsorbent, are mainly activated carbon-methanol, activated carbon-ammonia, and composite adsorbent-ammonia. The adsorption properties and refrigeration application of these three types of adsorption working pairs are investigated. For the physical adsorbents, consolidated activated carbon showed best heat transfer performance, and activated carbon-methanol showed the best adsorption property because of the large refrigerant amount that can be adsorbed. For the composite adsorbents, the consolidated composite adsorbent with mass ratio of 4:1 between CaCl₂ and activated carbon, showed the highest cooling density when compared to the granular composite adsorbent and to the merely chemical adsorbent. The physical adsorption icemaker that employs consolidated activated carbon-methanol as working pair had the optimum coefficient of refrigeration performance (COP), volume cooling power density (SCP_v) and specific cooling power per kilogram adsorbent (SCP) of 0.125, 9.25 kW/m³ and 32.6 W/kg, respectively. The composite adsorption system that employs the consolidated composite adsorbent had a maximum COP, SCP_v and SCP of 0.35, 52.68 kW/m³ and 493.2 W/kg, respectively, for ice making mode. These results are improved by 1.8, 4.7 and 14 times, respectively, when compared to the results of the physical adsorption icemaker.     

A conceptual design and performance analysis of a triple-effect solid-gas thermochemical sorption refrigeration system with internal heat recovery

A conceptual design of a triple-effect solid-gas thermochemical sorption refrigeration system using three kinds of reactive salts and ammonia as working pairs is presented. In the proposed system, two internal heat recovery processes were employed to enhance the energy utilization efficiency. The adsorption heat of a high-temperature salt was recovered for the regeneration process of a middle-temperature salt, while the adsorption heat released by the middle-temperature salt was used to regenerate a low-temperature salt. The presented sorption refrigeration system can produce three cooling-effects in one cycle, at the expense of only one heat input at high temperature. The coefficient of performance (COP) of the system can be improved by 146-200% compared to that obtained with a conventional sorption refrigeration system. When the sensible heats of the reactant, the refrigerant and the metallic part of the reactors were considered, theoretical results showed the calculated COP employing the triple-effect sorption cycle varied between 0.75 and 0.97 with the mass ratio between the metallic part of the reactor and the reactive salt.     

硅胶粒径对太阳能吸附制冷系统性能的影响

针对以硅胶-水为工质对的太阳能吸附式制冷系统,实验研究了不同粒径的硅胶材料对吸附床传热传质特性及系统制冷能力的影响。三组对比实验的硅胶材料平均粒径分别为1mm、3mm和5mm,在太阳辐射接近的条件下完成实验测试,结果表明粒径中等的硅胶材料表现最优,其制冷系数COP和按照循环周期定义的比制冷功率SCP2均最高。小粒径材料虽然使吸附剂填充量有所增加,但是会导致吸附床轴向传质阻力增加,影响其末端吸附能力的发挥。而材料的粒径过大,则会降低吸附床的吸附剂填充量及其传热性能,从而导致预热脱附和冷却过程的时间延长,不利于系统的制冷性能改善。实验结果表明,吸附剂粒径是影响太阳能吸附式制冷系统工作性能的一个重要因素,在系统设计中需要给予重视。     

高分子壳聚糖衍生物改性膨润土制备新型吸附剂

用一种阳离子型壳聚糖衍生物改性膨润土,制备一种新型有机膨润土吸附材料,考察了制备条件对吸附剂吸附性能的影响。通过正交实验获得影响阳离子型壳聚糖衍生物在膨润土上负载的主要因素,并进行了单因素实验,考察主要因素对吸附性能的影响。实验结果表明,阳离子型壳聚糖衍生物的浓度、负载反应温度以及膨润土的活化温度是影响吸附剂吸附性能的主要因素。在以苯酚为目标吸附物时,当阳离子型壳聚糖衍生物的浓度为30g／L左右、膨润土的活化温度为240℃、负载反应温度为75℃时所制备的吸附剂的吸附性能最好,吸附剂的饱和吸附量可达到10．25mg／g（苯酚起始浓度为60ppm）,是未改性土的数十倍,可应用于低浓度含酚类废水的处理。     

Analogy between adsorption and sorption:An elementary mechanistic approach.I.Monolayer adsorption and sorption without solvent cluster formation

The elementary mechanistic model of adsorption and sorption is based on a simple hypothesis:the adsorption sites are uniformly distributed on the surface of the pore walls in the adsorbent,the sorption sites are uniformly distributed in the volume of the polymer.In this first paper we will analyze the simple case where one solute mol-ecule is only allowed to occupy a single adsorption or sorption site.A common elementary occupation law of the free sites is assumed:the differential increase of the number of the adsorbed/sorbed molecules is proportional to the differential increase of the activity of the solute and the concentration of the free(non-occupied)sites in the solid.The proportionality coefficient is called affinity coefficient depending on the solid/solute couple and on the temperature and independent of the concentration of the solute.In adsorption the concentration of the free sites is a surface concentration on the pore walls and in sorption it is expressed by the molarity.The simple mono-layer adsorption law of Jovanovi?is obtained:n=n0(1?e?KP)where n is the number of moles adsorbed when the pressure is P. n0is the total number of adsorption sites and K the affinity coefficient for adsorption.The sorption law writes:a= 1k? ?1??]+1?rk ln?1+1r?1??]where?,r and k hold respectively for the volume fraction of the solvent in the polymer,for the ratio of the molar volumes of the solvent to the elementary polymer chain containing one single adsorption site and for the sorption affinity coefficient.The confrontation of these equations to experimental isotherms is satisfactory in comparison with the classical Langmuir and Flory-Huggins equations:the best results are obtained for adsorption of vapors on a 5A zeolite and for all analyzed sorption results.     

变压吸附法脱碳用活性炭性能的实验研究

对一种煤质活性炭吸附脱附含氮混合气中CO2的性能进行了研究,测定了活性炭对CO2的平衡吸附量,实验对比了不同稀释气体下CO2的动态吸附容量,对含氮混合气中影响CO2吸附选择性的因素进行了实验分析。考察了脱附条件对活性炭CO2吸附容量的影响。结果表明,该活性炭吸附CO2容量大,对CO2的吸附选择性也比较高,是性能优良的变压吸附脱碳用吸附剂。