满足自锐效应的AFM探针针尖加工

根据各向异性湿法刻蚀针尖的自锐效应模型和晶面交点模型,设计了AFM探针针尖加工工艺流程,并进行了针尖加工实验。通过分析实验结果并结合晶面交点模型,分别得到了针尖形状与蚀液浓度、刻蚀液温度、添加剂、掩模方向的关系。结合自锐效应模型,得到了(100)硅片刻蚀针尖自锐条件。最后对工艺参数进行了优化,采用15 mol/L的KOH溶液,在70℃,并且方形掩模边缘平行于<110>方向,可以得到满足自锐效应的、重复率高、表面粗糙度小、高宽比为1.56的单晶硅针尖。     

各向异性腐蚀制备纳米硅尖

采用KOH溶液各向异性腐蚀单晶硅的方法制备高纵横比的纳米硅尖,研究了腐蚀溶液的浓度、添加剂异丙醇(IPA)对硅尖形状的影响。设计了硅尖制作的工艺流程,制备了形状不同、纵横比值为0.52～2.1的硅尖,并结合晶面相交模型,提出了硅尖晶面的判别方法,讨论了实验中出现的{411}和{331}晶面族两种硅尖晶面类型,实验结果和理论分析相一致。通过分析腐蚀溶液的质量分数和添加剂对{411}、{331}晶面族腐蚀速度的影响,得到了制备高纵横比纳米硅尖的工艺参数。实验结果表明:当正方形掩模边缘沿<110>晶向时,在78℃、质量分数40的KOH溶液中腐蚀硅尖,再经980℃干氧氧化3h进行锐化削尖,可制备出纵横比大于2、曲率半径达纳米量级的硅尖阵列。     

微反射镜和光纤自对准V型槽的制作

用纯KOH水溶液和KOH +IPA混合水溶液在 ( 1 0 0 )硅片上沿 <1 0 0 >方向上腐蚀所暴露的平面是不同的。纯KOH水溶液中总是能暴露与衬底垂直的 {1 0 0 }面 ,在KOH +IPA溶液中 ,随着KOH的浓度不同将暴露 {1 1 0 }和 {1 0 0 }面。使用KOH浓度为 50 %的KOH +IPA溶液 ,在 ( 1 0 0 )硅片上一次掩模制作微反射镜和光纤自对准V型槽 ,微镜的表面粗糙度低于 1 0nm。     

形成硅多层微机械结构的“掩模-无掩模”腐蚀新技术

本文介绍了一种制作硅多层微结构的体微机械加工新技术．基于KOH溶液的无掩模腐蚀特性，仅用一层掩模进行一次从有掩模到无掩模的连续腐蚀工序，可在（100）硅片上制作各种以（311）晶面为侧面且进棱沿（110）晶向的多层次立体结构，原则上层面数不受限制，各个层面的位置和深度都可由一块掩模的设计和相应的腐蚀深度确定，该技术突破了传统各向异性腐蚀的局限性，使体微机械技术的加工能力大为扩展，可望在微电子机械系统的结构制作中广泛应用．     

恒温磁力搅拌下KOH刻蚀Si的研究

采用恒温磁力搅拌的方法,在KOH溶液中湿法刻蚀Si。在掩模层为SiO2时,研究了刻蚀速率随KOH浓度与温度的变化关系。结果表明:在110℃、30%的KOH溶液下,刻蚀Si(100)可以得到4.0μm/min的刻蚀速率,Si(100):SiO2的刻蚀速率比为550:1,Si(100):Si(111)的刻蚀速率比为90:1,而且可以得到光滑的刻蚀表面与形状。     

硅各向异性浅槽腐蚀实验研究

通过实验分析,对比了异丙醇(IPA)和超声波对Si(100)面在KOH溶液和四甲基氢氧化氨(TMAH)溶液中的浅槽腐蚀速率及其表面形态的影响。实验结果表明,IPA能降低TMAH溶液的腐蚀速率,但IPA在KOH溶液中腐蚀速率降低不明显;IPA加入到较高浓度的KOH溶液中,会在Si表面产生较大小丘,恶化了Si腐蚀表面的质量,但在TMAH溶液中加入一定量的IPA会改善腐蚀表面的质量;超声波能加快腐蚀速率并能改善Si腐蚀表面质量,但对于加入IPA的较高浓度KOH溶液,超声波未能消除Si腐蚀表面的小丘,另外,超声波还能减弱腐蚀过程中微尺寸沟槽的尺寸效应;在腐蚀条件和配比一定情况下,TMAH溶液的腐蚀质量比KOH溶液好。     

扫描隧道显微镜钨针尖的制备与表征

采用直流电化学刻蚀方法制备扫描隧道显微镜钨针尖,研究了电化学刻蚀过程中NaOH溶液浓度、钨丝浸入长度和刻蚀电压对针尖形貌的影响。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)测量针尖曲率半径和针尖纵横比值,以表征针尖的尺寸和形状;通过能谱仪(EDS)分析针尖表面成分,以表征表面清洁度;通过场发射显微镜(FEM)得到Fowler-Nordheim (F-N)曲线来检测针尖发射性能。实验结果表明,当溶液浓度为2 mol/L、钨丝浸入长度为4 mm、刻蚀电压为3 V时,可以得到曲率半径约为100 nm、纵横比值为13的针尖,且表面无钨的氧化层。FEM结果显示当对针尖施加500 V的负偏压时,针尖可以稳定发射50 nA量级的电流,且针尖性能具有良好的一致性。     

Si基外延GaN中位错的光助湿法化学显示

采用1000W卤钨灯作为光源,对GaN外延膜在KOH溶液中进行化学腐蚀,以显示晶体位错.采用扫描电子显微镜、原子力显微镜观察位错密度及表面形貌,得到了清晰的腐蚀图形.提出了腐蚀机理,光照激发位错处产生电子-空穴对,加速位错处的腐蚀速率.GaN表面出现了大量的六角腐蚀坑(位错露头).优化了KOH溶液的腐蚀条件.     

利用ABS实现MEMS后处理中的电路保护

提出一种以丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯(ABS)薄膜作为各向异性腐蚀溶液的掩模的薄膜保护方法。ABs胶以旋涂的方法涂布在硅片表面，然后经过一系列的处理工序以增强膜与衬底的粘附性。本文比较了在不同温度条件下AB8胶膜在KOH和TMAH溶液中的抗腐蚀特性。实验证明：在90℃、25wt%TMAH溶液中，ABS薄膜的掩模时间达到10h左右，而且这种薄膜的优点在于很容易用化学试剂加以去除。     

Si基外延GaN中位错的光助湿法化学显示

采用1000W卤钨灯作为光源,对GaN外延膜在KOH溶液中进行化学腐蚀,以显示晶体位错.采用扫描电子显微镜、原子力显微镜观察位错密度及表面形貌,得到了清晰的腐蚀图形.提出了腐蚀机理,光照激发位错处产生电子-空穴对,加速位错处的腐蚀速率.GaN表面出现了大量的六角腐蚀坑(位错露头).优化了KOH溶液的腐蚀条件.     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks     

Call for Papers—Feature Topic,Vol.12,No.7,2015

正Information Centric Networking Information-Centric Networking(ICN) is an emerging direction in Future Internet architecture research,gaining significant tractions among academia and industry.Aiming to replace the conventional host-to-host communication model by a data-centric model,ICN treats data content as the first