Retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and endoscopic sphincteropapillotomy (ES) in the diagnosis and treatment of common bile duct (CBD) lithiasis

The common bile duct (CBD) stones often gives real difficulties of diagnosis and treatment. The ultrasound (US) does not offer in a significant percentage of cases certain diagnostic data, and the unconventional imaging techniques such as computer tomography (CT) are yet less accessible. ERCP appeared in the last period as an optional method for the diagnosis of common bile duct stones, and, moreover, permitted the development of the nonsurgical treatment possibilities. ES and the extraction of stones revealed in this frame as preferable, especially in the high surgical risk cases. This study presents the results of ERCP performed in 547 and the therapeutic value of ES in 284 cases with CBD stones (conclusions of the ERCP and ES used in the clinical practice, in our clinic, in the last three years). In 81.69% cases ES managed the dezobstruction of the CBD, with a frequency of complications of 4.33% and a related mortality rate of 0.78%.     

Effect of Mn on the Magnetostriction and Magnetic Properties in Zr_(0.1)Tb_(0.9)(Fe_(1-x)Mn_x)_2 and Y_(0.1)Tb_(0.9)(Fe_(1-x)Mn_x)_2

Effect of Mn substitution for Fe in cubic Laves Zr_(0.1)Tb_(0.9)(Fe_(1-x)Mn_x)_2 and Y_(0.1)Tb_(0.9)(Fe_(1-x)Mn_x)_2 com-pounds is presented.Similar results in both systems are obtained: The structure and the magnetism of TbFe_2 areboth influenced slightly by a small amount of Y or Zr substitution for Tb;With increasing x value,the latticeconstant increases monotonously;the Curie temperature decreases linearly;while saturation magnetizationincreases linearly.For the small amount of Mn substitution for Fe in both systems,magnetostriction issignificantly larger than that in the pure iron alloys.The largest magnetostriction of|γ_‖-|γ_|=2200×10~(-6)at magnetic field of 2×10~7/4π A/mis obtained for Y_(0.1)Tb_(0.9)(Fe_(0.95)Mn_(0.05)_2.     

Structure and Magnetic Properties of Y(Fe_(1-x) Co_x)_ (11.3) Nb_(0.7)

ＩｎｒｅｃｅｎｔｙｅａｒｓＴｈＭｎ12 ｔｙｐｅｉｒｏｎ ｒｉｃｈｃｏｍｐｏｕｎｄｓｈａｖｅｂｅｅｎｉｎｔｅｎｓｉｖｅｌｙｉｎｖｅｓｔｉｇａｔｅｄｄｕｅｔｏｔｈｅｉｒｅｘｃｅｌｌｅｎｔｐｅｒｍａｎｅｎｔ ｍａｇｎｅｔｉｃｐｒｏｐｅｒｔｉｅｓ .ＡｌｔｈｏｕｇｈｐｕｒｅｂｉｎａｒｙＲＥ Ｆｅｃｏｍ ｐｏｕｎｄｓｄｏｎｏｔｅｘｉｓｔ,ｔｈｅＴｈＭｎ12 ｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅｃａｎｂｅｓｔａｂｉｌｉｚｅｄｉｎｐｓｅｕｄｏｂｉｎａｒｉｅｓｏｆｔｈｅｔｙｐｅＲＥＦｅ12 -ｘＭｘ,ｗｉｔｈＭ =Ａｌ,Ｔｉ,Ｃｒ ,Ｓｉ ,Ｍｏ ,Ｖ …