适用于IC封装的表面涂覆层——化学镀镍、钯、金的未来

概述了化学镀镍/化学镀钯/浸金涂（镀）覆层的优点,它比起化学镀镍/浸金,不仅更适用于IC封装,而且提高了可靠性,降低了成本。     

IC封装载板的新型表面涂饰层——ENEPIG

文章介绍一种新型的化学镀镍化学镀钯与浸金表面涂饰层,克服了化学镀镍浸金涂层的缺点,更加适合于IC封装载板上应用。     

基于有机基板的化学镍钯浸金工艺应用与测评

有机基板被广泛应用于电子封装领域,常见的表面处理工艺包括电镀镍金、化学镍金、浸锡、浸银等工艺。在众多表面处理工艺中,化学镍钯浸金工艺因其具有较好的综合性能展现出显著优势。化学镍钯浸金工艺是在化学镍金工艺的基础上增加化镀钯处理,采用该工艺先对基板表面进行化镀镍处理,再进行化镀钯处理,最后完成化学浸金处理。钯镀层可以防止金在沉积过程中腐蚀镍镀层以及阻挡镍向金属间化合物（IMC）层扩散。利用X-Ray、电子扫描显微镜（SEM）、聚焦离子束（FIB）等图像分析方法,对比了不同厂商的化学镍钯浸金镀层的厚度、微观形貌及质量,结果表明,平整且致密的钯镀层可以有效避免镍腐蚀现象。     

PCB技术的革新与进步

文章概述了近几年来在PCB工业中生产技术的革新与进步情况,特别是直流电镀(镀层均匀性、填孔镀等)、表面涂(镀)覆(化学镀镍/钯浸金和直接浸金等)技术的革新与进步,推动了PCB工艺技术的发展。     

化学镍/化学钯/浸金的表面涂覆层的可焊性和可靠性

概述了化学镍/化学钯/浸金(ENEPIG)表面涂(镀)覆层的优点。它比化学镍/浸金(ENIG)有更好的可焊接性和焊接可靠性。化学镍/化学钯/浸金表面涂(镀)覆层应该是有发展前景的。     

ENEPIG控制以获得优良封装基板表面处理焊区

本文针对ENEPIG(化镍钯浸金)技术应用于封装基板表面处理,在化镍钯浸金工艺过程中,通过对镍层上化学镀钯控制、浸金控制,获得精确的沉积厚度和金层均匀性,达到良好的接触面。并就浸金过程中的渗金问题进行优化控制,达到焊区小间距的需求。通过对ENEPIG表面处理焊区和电镀镍金表面处理焊区的Wire Bonding(引线键合)能力、可焊性、抗老化能力进行试验比较,验证了本ENEPIG控制技术同时具有优于电镀镍金的引线键合可靠性和锡焊可靠性。本ENEPIG控制技术所获得优异可靠性的表面处理,并且满足无铅组装工艺所有需求,非常适用于封装基板的表面处理制造。     

新产品与新技术(49)

挠性ENEPIG镀层化学镀镍镀钯浸金(ENEPIG)镀层是目前高端PCB表面处理的最佳选择,适合于焊锡连接和打线连接,并有防止铜镍金属氧化物产生的高可靠性。但普通ENEPIG用于挠性印制板存在不耐弯曲的问题。Atotech     

表面处理工艺的新发展简

文章简述了当下流行的有机涂覆（OSP）、化学镀镍浸金（ENIG）、化学镀镍镀钯浸金（ENEPIG）等表面处理技术的发展现状;并对浸银（IAg）、浸锡（ISn）和直接浸金（DIG）以及自组装单分子（SAM）等新工艺进行了简单讨论,并提出了一些降低工艺成本,改进技术,提高工艺可靠性的方法。     

文献与摘要(132)

成功的化学镀镍浸金电镀配方Successful Formulation of ENIG Plating对于无铅装配的高密度细节距PCB表面选用化学镀镍浸金(ENIG)涂层较为普遍,而稳定成功的ENIG镀液与工艺还在不断探索。文章介绍在大型PCB生产应用获得成功的ENIG镀液配方与工艺条件,叙述了ENIG工艺顺序,化学镀镍与浸金溶液的组成成分,操作温     

化学镀镍镀钯浸金表面处理工艺概述及发展前景分析

随着电子封装系统集成度逐渐升高及组装工艺多样化的发展趋势,适应无铅焊料的化学镀镍镀钯浸金（ENEPIG）表面处理工艺恰好能够满足封装基板上不同类型的元件和不同组装工艺的要求,因此ENEPIG正成为一种适用于IC封装基板和精细线路PCB的表面处理工艺。ENEPIG工艺具有增加布线密度、减小元件尺寸、装配及封装的可靠性高、成本较低等优点,近年来受到广泛关注。文章基于对化学镍钯金反应机理的简介,结合对镀层基本性能及可靠性方面的分析,综述了ENEPIG表面处理工艺的优势并探讨了其发展前景。     

Review of Capabilities of the ENEPIG Surface Finish

Surface finishes are used to protect exposed copper metallization in printed circuit boards from oxidation and to provide a solderable surface on which to mount electronic components. While it is true that some people have called electroless nickel electroless palladium immersion gold (ENEPIG) a “universal finish” for a wide range of applications from wire bonding to solder interconnects, this paper provides a review of the current literature on ENEPIG and assesses its overall capabilities compared to other surface finishes. Gaps in understanding the performance of ENEPIG as a printed wiring board surface finish are identified and further testing is recommended.     

Interfacial reaction and mechanical evaluation in multi-level assembly joints with ENEPIG under bump metallization via drop and high speed impact test

The criteria of mechanical reliability in solder joints can be identified and described by comparative evaluation via drop test and high speed pendulum impact test. Systematic samples of assembly and attachment joints with various Pd additions were employed and investigated in this study. The statistical values of mechanical performances were calculated and compared. Better high speed impact performance of SAC305/ENEPIG attachment joints with 0.06 μm Pd layers was confirmed owing to the single Cu₆Sn₅ phase growth. However, the comparative measurement of the better performance on drop testing exhibited in ENEPIG/SAC305/immersion Sn assembly joints with 0.1 μm Pd layers deposit resulted from the thinner and layer-type IMC growth. The correlation between the cracks propagation and Pd addition was established on the basis of the elemental X-ray color mapping via Field-Emission Electron Probe Microanalyzer (FE-EPMA). It is expected that through comparison between impact and drop test in mechanical reliability, a criterion of joints reliability can be established. Besides, the optimal Pd layer deposit for the ENEPIG surface finish in the attachment and assembly solder joints was demonstrated and confirmed.     

洁净室MAU外气空调箱控制系统的设计与应用

MAU外气空调箱是洁净室HVAC空调系统的核心设备,通过对MAU空调箱的研究,结合薄膜太阳能电池板生产厂房洁净室的要求和特点,设计了MAU空调箱控制系统方案,并根据实际应用调整了控制方案,优化了PID控制器参数,实现了MAU空调箱稳定、精确的运行效果,为太阳能电池板的生产提供了保障。     

不同条件下化学镍钯金的可焊性研究

可焊性是印制电路板组装产品极重要的性能之一。文章讨论了化学镍钯金(ENEPIG)的可焊性,首先对化学镍金(ENIG)和化学镍钯金的特点进行了对比,然后通过实验对影响产品焊接的可能因素进行了验证,得出钯层的有效控制能解决化学镍钯金的可焊性问题。     

化学镍钯金表面处理工艺研究

采用扫描电子显微镜、润湿性、拔/撞锡球和打金线测试等分析手段,比较研究了四家化学镍钯金药水表面处理焊盘的焊接可靠性,同时比较研究了化学镍钯金表面处理和化学镍金表面处理焊盘的焊接可靠性差异.研究表明,化学镍钯金表面处理相对化学镍金表面处理可有效防止镍腐蚀(黑盘)缺陷引起的连接可靠性问题.     

Comparative Study of ENIG and ENEPIG as Surface Finishes for a Sn-Ag-Cu Solder Joint

Interfacial reactions and joint reliability of Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu solder with two different surface finishes, electroless nickel-immersion gold (ENIG) and electroless nickel-electroless palladium-immersion gold (ENEPIG), were evaluated during a reflow process. We first compared the interfacial reactions of the two solder joints and also successfully revealed a connection between the interfacial reaction behavior and mechanical reliability. The Sn-Ag-Cu/ENIG joint exhibited a higher intermetallic compound (IMC) growth rate and a higher consumption rate of the Ni(P) layer than the Sn-Ag-Cu/ENEPIG joint. The presence of the Pd layer in the ENEPIG suppressed the growth of the interfacial IMC layer and the consumption of the Ni(P) layer, resulting in the superior interfacial stability of the solder joint. The shear test results show that the ENIG joint fractured along the interface, exhibiting indications of brittle failure possibly due to the brittle IMC layer. In contrast, the failure of the ENEPIG joint only went through the bulk solder, supporting the idea that the interface is mechanically reliable. The results from this study confirm that the Sn-Ag-Cu/ENEPIG solder joint is mechanically robust and, thus, the combination is a viable option for a Pb-free package system.