亚硝酸钠生产新工艺及模拟

提出了一个以硝酸尾气中和液为原料的连续亚硝酸钠生产工艺，新工艺具有如下特点：采用多效连续逆流蒸发流程；一效蒸发器采用液浸式，其余蒸发器采用降膜式；利用一效出口溶液的压力进行闪蒸结晶。建立了包括蒸发器、换热器和闪蒸结晶器的全流程模型。用牛顿-拉夫森法完成了过程模拟计算。模拟结果表明了新工艺的可行性，与国内普遍采用的间歇蒸发-冷却结晶工艺比较，可以节约较多的加热蒸汽。     

对羟基左旋苯甘氨酸三效热泵蒸发结晶工艺的开发研究

分析了对羟基左旋苯甘氨酸母液浓缩结晶过程存在的问题,介绍了三效热泵蒸发结晶工艺。该工艺采用三效并流流程,利用降膜蒸发器、热泵技术进行低温真空蒸发操作。充分利用了一效蒸发器产生的二次蒸汽,新工艺汽水蒸发比降至0.35t/t,左旋苯甘氨酸产量提高约50%。三效热泵蒸发工艺适用于物料处理量大、沸点升高小、蒸发温度低的物料的浓缩结晶。     

酸浴蒸发和结晶系统的改造

介绍了酸站酸浴单放蒸发和表面冷却结晶系统存在的问题，以及采用六效闪蒸和四效连续真空结晶技改措施的实施效果。     

蒸发节能技术在胆固醇生产中的应用

内蒙古金达威药业公司胆固醇的生产采用单效蒸发进行浓缩,不仅能耗高,而且蒸发过程易结晶,使蒸发器传热系数减小,需定期(约4小时)清洗蒸发器,为了克服原工艺的缺点,将单效升膜蒸发改为逆流双效升膜蒸发,新工艺不仅单位蒸发量的能耗比旧工艺节省约41.0%,而且浓度高的料液在温度高的第一效蒸发,使结晶现象大大减小,只需10小时清洗一次蒸发器,生产能力比旧工艺提高约21%.新工艺是高效节能、操作方便、运行可靠的工艺.     

烧碱蒸发出料浓度的P—T温差法测量

目前,国内烧碱生产的蒸发浓缩过程是采用多效蒸发器完成的。末效蒸发器成品液碱的采出或末效向闪蒸效液碱的料液输送均采用液碱及该效二次饱和蒸汽的温度差来控制,温差与碱液浓度有严格的对应关系。     

影响隔膜碱浓度和含盐量的主要因素

采用四效逆流两次闪蒸强制内循环蒸发工艺流程蒸发隔膜碱时，影响碱浓度和含盐量的主要因素是一效沸点升高、分盐设备及工作状况如旋液分离器的分离效率、碱过滤器的操作情况等。其所指分离效率主要讨论温度、浓度对结晶粒度的影响；旋液分离器的底流孔板尺寸对盐结晶粒度和工作状况的影响。强调遵守碱过滤器的五步操作对碱质量提高的重要性。     

蒸发工艺中的价值工程应用研究

通过对蒸发工艺进行价值分析，提出了一种适用于烧碱溶液蒸发浓缩的新工艺，即将两组蒸发器通过同时由热泵提供一次蒸汽进行组合，在浓度较低时采用热泵蒸发及多级闪蒸，在浓度较高时采用逆流蒸发的热泵组合式蒸发工艺。该工艺在提高节能效果的同时，还可以有效降低蒸发器的传热面积，从而取得显著的节能效益。     

试论蒸发流程中的几项闪蒸工艺

一前言蒸发流程中,常有闪蒸现象发生。各种闪蒸中,有的属流程的性质决定,难以用人为方法改变。如多效顺流中,过料时减压闪蒸。有的属人为造成闪蒸,达到节汽的目的。如多效逆流中,Ⅰ效出料液去闪蒸效减压闪蒸。探讨各种人为闪蒸工艺,区别哪些能达到节汽的目的,哪些可能造     

吸收低浓度二氧化硫烟气副产无水亚硫酸钠的研究

金川集团股份有限公司化工厂100 kt/a无水亚硫酸钠装置2010年5月建成投产,是国内最大的无水亚硫酸钠系统.该装置利用氢氧化钠溶液吸收冶炼系统火法冶炼回转窑低浓度SO2冶炼烟气制取亚硫酸钠.该装置设计处理烟气量1.0× 105 m3/h,烟气压力200 Pa,(Ψ)(SO2)1％～2％,烟尘质量浓度1.1～1.2g/m3.主要包括净化吸收工序、中和过滤工序、蒸发分离工序、干燥包装工序及循环水系统.净化吸收采用湍冲洗涤塔洗涤净化、两次逆流吸收工艺,净化效率98％,吸收效率99％.中和过滤采用CNⅡ-3300HF型过滤器代替常用的布袋过滤器,过滤液固体质量浓度降至10 mg/m3以下.蒸发分离及干燥包装采用Ⅰ效蒸发器—Ⅱ效蒸发器—闪蒸器—分离器—内加热流化床干燥冷却器—全自动包装机流程,闪蒸后料液固液比可达60％以上[1].     

丙烯腈工艺废水四效蒸发技术研究进展

综述了丙烯腈工艺废水处理的各种方法和新技术、新装置在丙烯腈工艺废水四效蒸发技术中的应用。指出将膜分离、热力蒸汽再压缩、闪蒸-降膜式蒸发器等技术与四效蒸发处理工艺相结合,经过蒸发浓缩,不仅提浓了原料液,使其满足后续处理的要求,而且节省了大量的水资源和一定量的蒸汽,对整个处理系统的节能减排具有重要的实际意义。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。