Analysis of the Stability in a Gyrotron Traveling Wave Amplifier with the Reflection at Output Port

Based on the linear theory of gyrotron traveling wave amplifier (gyro-TWA) and the boundary condition, the model of the gyro-TWA with the reflections at the output port is established. The influence of the reflections on the wave gain rate, the back wave starting length and the back wave starting current for a Ka band TE₀₁ gyro-TWA at fundament is analyzed. The simulating results show that the increased reflection may lower its stability to some extent.     

LARGE-SIGNAL SIMULATIONS OF A GYROTRON TRAVELING-WAVE AMPLIFIER WITH A MODE-SELECTIVE INTERACTION CIRCUIT

A self-consistent nonlinear theory is used to analyze the saturated performances of a Ka-band gyrotron traveling wave amplifier (gyro-TWA) operating at the fundamental with a mode-selective interaction circuit involving a tapered vane-slot mode converter. The amplifier is predicted to generate 140 kW saturated output power with 33.3% efficiency, a saturated gain of 33dB, and a 3dB bandwidth of 2.7 GHz (8%) for a 70 kV, 6A electron beam with a velocity ratio of 1.0 and an axial velocity spread of 5%.     

Analysis and Numerical Calculations of the Beam-Wave Interaction for Gyroklystron Amplifiers

A four-cavity gyroklystron was designed and optimized after analysis and calculation of RF system and magnetron injection gun, numerical simulations showed that the TE₀₁₁ mode gyroklystron achieved 280kW peak output power, 38% efficiency, 35dB saturated gain with 250Mhz bandwidth centered at 34GHz for a 68 kV, 11A electron beam. The numerical simulation results were used to build a Ka band high power gyroklystron amplifier. In this paper, analysis and numerical calculation results of the beam-wave interaction are presented. The influences of electron beam, RF system parameters, magnetic field, and input RF signal on output power, efficiency, bandwidth and gain are discussed.     

折叠波导行波管PIC 模拟中的相位分析方法研究

由于非线性计算特别是场相位方面缺乏专门的分析工具及方法,一直难以对折叠波导行波管的电子效率及副特性进行准确分析。通过CST PARTICLE STUDIO的PIC仿真模块,利用行波管注波互作用中的轴向基波电流与轴向基波电场的相位差表征注波相位关系,提出了一种相位分析方法。通过比较V波段折叠波导行波管单跳变周期结构与均匀周期结构的注波互作用模拟结果,揭示了注波互作用中相位聚焦的物理机理,优化后电子效率提高了5.13%,验证了PIC模拟中相位分析方法的合理性。     

W波段多种槽加载折叠波导行波管的研究

该文提出了3种槽加载折叠波导行波管慢波结构:三角形、梯形和燕尾形槽加载折叠波导。分析比较了不同槽形状对慢波结构的色散特性和耦合阻抗的影响。利用粒子模拟的方法对W波段4种槽加载折叠波导行波管的非线性注-波互作用进行了研究;在相同的电子注参数和输入功率的条件下,对输出功率、电子效率和增益等参量进行了比较。在多种槽加载结构中,梯形槽加载折叠波导输出功率(255 W)和增益(37.1 dB)最大,电子效率最高(10.7%);燕尾形槽加载折叠波导达到饱和所需要的互作用电路最短(64.2 mm);三角形槽加载折叠波导的3 dB带宽最宽。     

带状注速调管多间隙输出腔的粒子模拟

带状注器件在高频率、高功率方向发展潜力巨大,而多间隙腔是提高效率和功率容量的有效手段。本文提出了一 种带状注速调管多间隙输出腔,并设计了一种Ka波段带状注速调管输出腔。此输出腔结构可以获得好的输出耦合特性, 以及理想的电场场形。最后通过MAGIC粒子模拟软件对电子注群聚,能量转换以及输出腔频谱特性等作了仿真和详细分 析,在中心频率获得了稳定的功率输出,互作用效率达到50%以上。     

Analysis and simulation on the performance of a gyro-penitron amplifier

A cylindrical waveguide gyro-peniotron amplifier is analysed theoretically in this paper. By a ballistic method and directly using the energy conservation in the beam-wave system, a set of interaction equations for the cylindrical waveguide gyro-peniotron amplifier is derived. Computer simulation shows that under defined conditions an interaction efficiency of ? 47%, an output power of ? 240kW at a gain of ? 22. 5 dB and a 3 dB-instantaneous bandwidth of ? 1. 9% for a central frequency of 35GHz, TE₀₃ mode gyro-peniotron amplifier could be achieved. The influence of the operation parameters on the amplifier performance is also presented.     

Design of beam-wave interaction based on high efficiency of a high-power broadband klystron

The paper mainly presents the design of beam-wave interaction of a C-band high-peak- power high-efficiency broadband klystron. The beam-wave interaction section is designed based on considerations of efficiency and bandwidth synthetically. As a part of beam-wave interaction section, buncher section is simulated by Particle-In-Cell （PIC） code to observe the bunching process of electron beam to achieve high conversion efficiency of electron beam and RF field. When it comes to the other part, output circuit is designed as a three-section filter by an output cavity loaded with Chebyshev filter and the cold test results are given. The beam-wave interaction is simulated by EGUN code and Ar- senal-MSU code respectively. The simulated results indicated that, the existence of power dips in the operating bandwidth is verified by Arsenal-MSU code, comparing proper results by EGUN code. Then, the method that design parameters are not adjusted except parameters of buncher cavities to remove potential power dips is described. What is more, the simulated results of electron optics system are given by EGUN code and Arsenal-MSU code respectively. The further hot test results of klystron prove that the whole design of beam-wave interaction is effective.     

X波段同轴腔多注速调管的研究

开展了具有同轴谐振腔互作用电路和双模工作杆控电子枪的X波段同轴腔双模多注速调管的研究工作.结合数值计算和冷测实验,对工作于TM₃₁₀高次模的同轴谐振腔模式分布和特性参数进行研究,获得了可满足多注速调管要求的谐振腔特性阻抗和良好的模式稳定性.采用具有双控制极的新型杆控多注电子枪及电子光学系统,可使多注速调管具有双模的新工作特性,通过数值模拟获得了优化的几何参数和具有良好层流性和波动性的空心多电子注.对采用6个电子注和5个谐振腔的X波段多注速调管进行了注波互作用大信号计算,结果表明当电子注电压为21.5kV,脉冲电流为14.4A时,可在30MHz频带范围内获得的100kW左右的脉冲输出功率,互作用效率大于30%,增益大于36dB.     

Linear Theory of Plasma-Filled Coaxial Cylindrical Cherenkov Maser

Injection of background plasma into the beam-wave interaction region can greatly enhance the beam-wave interaction efficiency and the microwave output power of the device. In this paper, a new type of plasma-filled slow-wave structure, i.e., plasma-filled, dielectric-loaded coaxial cylindrical waveguide with a dielectric ring enclosing tightly the inner conductor, is developed. The Cherenkov radiation excited by the beam-wave interaction in the slow-wave structure is examined by use of the self-consistent linear field theory. The dispersion equation and the synchronized condition of the beam-wave interaction are derived. It's clearly shown that the Cherenkov radiation excited by the beam-wave interaction results from the coupling between the slow electromagnetic wave, TM-modes, propagated along the slow-wave structure and the negative-energy space-charge wave propagated along the relativistic electron beam. And the wave growth rate is solved, and the beam-wave energy exchange in the presence of the background plasma is discussed. Finally, the effects of the background plasma density on the dispersion characteristics, the distribution of the longitudinal fluctuating electric field, the wave growth rate and the beam-wave energy exchange are calculated and discussed.     

一种高效率多注毫米波行波管的设计模拟

对某Ka波段7注耦合腔行波管慢波系统进行了模拟,分析了多注耦合腔行波管的单腔冷测特性、周期永磁聚焦（PPM）系统以及PPM聚焦系统下的注-波互作用,模拟结果表明：在中心频率34.5GHz处,其饱和输出功率达到829W,增益43.16dB,带宽约1.4GHz,电子效率高达30.37%。     

高效率曲折槽波导毫米波行波管设计、制造和冷测

本文提出一种适用于工作在毫米波段(85～110 GHz)的带状注高效率曲折槽波导毫米波行波管,并进行了参数优化设计、加工制造和冷测实验研究.曲折槽波导首次采用一次改变周期相速跳变技术提高带状注毫米波行波管电子互作用效率.文中加工制造了三种不同周期个数(包含相速跳变和均匀相速两种类型)的曲折槽波导,并进行了S参数测试,其...     

双槽型耦合腔行波管非线性注波互作用计算方法

建立了双槽型耦合腔行波管三维频域非线性注波互作用模型,推导出参与注波互作用电磁场及粒子运动方程组。根据模型与方程组编写非线性互作用计算程序,模拟注波互作用过程,得到输出功率、增益等性能参数。计算结果与X波段双槽型耦合腔行波管实测数据比较,以验证计算方法的准确性,并对互作用过程中的非线性现象进行分析,希望能够辅助行波管的设计。     

W波段带状注耦合腔慢波结构行波管的设计与冷测

对W波段三槽梯形线耦合腔慢波结构(包括大功率输入输出耦合器和射频窗)的加工和冷测进行了研究。此慢波结构由一个矩形波导耦合器馈电,该耦合器由放置在输入腔短边上的三阶阶梯变换矩形波导组成。首先,利用仿真方法研究了慢波结构的色散、互作用阻抗、传输特性和注-波互作用。结果表明,采用三槽梯形线耦合腔慢波结构的行波管能够在91~96 GHz的频率范围内提供大于1000 W的饱和输出功率,并且在94 GHz频点,饱和输出功率最大,可以达到1125 W。其次,采用高精度数控铣床加工出三槽梯形线慢波结构,并将其固定在非磁性不锈钢外壳中。文中给出了带有耦合器和射频窗的三槽梯形线慢波系统的测试结果,表明在90 GHz到100 GHz的频率范围内,S11<-10 dB。因此,三槽梯形线慢波结构在W波段大功率行波管方面具有应用前景。     

大功率太赫兹回旋管的腔体分析与模拟

以0.3 THz回旋管为研究对象,对 TE06模回旋管腔体进行理论分析和起振电流的计算,以避免模式竞争的出现。对选取的电参数进行粒子模拟仿真,在10 kV和300 mA条件下得到 TE06模输出、平均输出功率为152 W及输出频率为299.5 GHz的模拟结果,并对不同磁场和不同电流情况下输出功率进行了分析,为太赫兹回旋管的研制提供参考。     

Effect of Resonator Parameters on Frequency and Quality Factor of Gyrotron Resonators

The influence of some cavity parameters on the resonance frequency and quality factor is investigated with the aim of comparing various methods of optimization. As an example, the geometry of the designed resonator for an experiment on a multifrequency gyrotron that would operate at 140 GHz in the TE_22,8 mode is considered. This is a weakly–tapered conventional cavity resonator with parabolic–roundings. The influence of the roundings on the quality factor is at least as important as that of the cavity length and the output taper angle.     

8mm二次谐波回旋速调管放大器中电子注-波互作用的研究

应用粒子模拟软件对设计的二次谐波三腔回旋速调管放大器进行了数值模拟。分析讨论了二次谐波注-波互作用过程中电子群聚的物理图景和特点，并研究了电子注电流和归一化引导中心半径对电子注-波互作用效率的影响。模拟结果表明，本文设计的二次谐波三腔回旋速调管放大器在35GHz频率可获得约293kW的峰值输出功率和约28％的电子效率。     

W 波段带状注速调管注波互作用系统的研究

带状注速调管是采用宽高比值很大的薄矩形注来降低空间电荷效应,采用特殊的高频结构来增加功率容量,从而使注波互作用效率得到提高的一种新型微波电真空器件。本文基于PIC 粒子模拟软件,建立了专门用于计算带状注速调管注波互作用过程的三维设计平台,并应用该平台完成了W 波段带状注速调管注波互作用系统的初步设计,获得了清晰的物理图像和具有参考意义的模拟设计结果。模拟结果表明,在电子注电压为140 kV,电流为15 A 时,该速调管可以获得大于573 kW 的输出功率、27.8 dB 的增益和大于27.3%的效率。     

用于受控热核聚变的兆瓦级同轴腔回旋振荡器的注-波互作用分析

相对于高阶工作模式的单腔回旋管,同轴腔回旋管具有缓解模式竞争,提高单模工作的稳定性,以及增大功率容量的优点,宜用于受控热核聚变中的电子回旋共振加热和电子回旋电流驱动而受关注.详细地研究了工作频率为170 GHz,TE_(34,11),模同轴腔回旋管的结构参数、电子束参数及腔壁损耗对注-波互作用的影响.首先对170 GHz兆瓦级功率模式选择进行分析,给出了工作模式.再次,基于时域自洽非线性理论,编写了时域单模稳态注-波互作用程序,分析了电流、磁场强度和腔壁欧姆损耗对互作用的影响,并对工作参数进行了优化.模拟结果表明:当电子束电流为68 A,工作电压为65 kV,引导磁场强度为6.58 T时,可获得2.18 MW的输出功率,49.23%的效率,外腔壁上的欧姆损耗密度峰值为1.94 kW/cm~2,内导体表面的小于0.15 W/cm~2;互作用效率随速度零散增大而降低,输出频率向下偏移;电子注厚度对互作用也有相似的影响.