液体石蜡的乳化研究

以液体石蜡为原料,采用添加助剂的方法,制备了石蜡乳液。探讨了乳化剂种类及其质量分数、乳化水质量分数、乳化温度、乳化时间等因素对乳化效果的影响。结果表明,复配乳化剂乳化效果较好,各因素对乳化效果的影响程度依次为乳化水质量分数、乳化剂质量分数、乳化温度、乳化时间,确定最佳实验条件为:m (单甘脂)/m (Twee-80)=3∶4,乳化剂质量分数0.9 %,乳化温度85 ℃,乳化时间50 min,乳化水质量分数62.0 %,转速1 100 r/min。石蜡乳液的稳定性和分散性较好,密度符合要求。     

TLA改性沥青的动态剪切模量及主曲线分析

采用动态剪切流变仪AR-2000对不同TLA掺量的改性沥青在线粘弹范围内进行了动态频率扫描,运用DMA时温等效原理,获得了不同TLA掺量的改性沥青在各个温度下的动态剪切模量主曲线族,结果表明:基于时温等效原理获得的材料宽温宽频范围内的主曲线族频率范围跨跃大,为准确描述不同TLA掺量的改性沥青动态剪切模量的变化趋势提供了条件;TLA改性沥青的动态剪切模量在相同温度下随频率的变化趋势与TLA掺量有关,在双对数坐标下,随TLA掺量的增加,动态剪切模量随频率的变化率逐渐减小,对频率的依赖性越来越好。     

东海大位移井油基钻井液体系研究及应用

我国东海KQT气田大位移井钻进过程中油基钻井液存在高温稳定性及井眼清洗技术问题。为此,通过界面张力测试、乳化效率测试、显微镜观察及乳状液黏弹性和流变性测试等实验方法,优选了乳化剂、润湿剂、流型调节剂及有机土等关键处理剂,构建了大位移井用油基钻井液体系,并对其进行了综合性能评价。结果表明,该钻井液在180 ℃热滚后仍具有良好的稳定性;优选的流型调节剂可增强钻井液的结构强度,有效提高切力和低剪切速率黏度,保证井眼清洗效果;同时具有良好的滤失性及抗污染性能等。在KQT气田的4口井中进行了现场试验,取得了良好的应用效果。     

典型工业炸药爆炸灾害效应的数值模拟

为了评价典型工业炸药在空气中发生意外爆炸产生的灾害效应,利用非线性动力学软件AUTODYN,炸药产物选用JWL状态方程,分析1 kg铵油炸药、乳化炸药、2号岩石炸药在空气自由场中爆炸冲击波的传播特性和温度场分布情况,并与TNT炸药进行对比分析.计算结果表明,冲击波损害效应中,2号岩石炸药与TNT炸药爆炸产生的冲击波峰值相当,乳化炸药次之;温度灾害效应中,岩石炸药的温度峰值最高,铵油炸药温度峰值次之,乳化炸药温度峰值最低.为正确使用工业炸药和矿山安全提供了理论依据.     

Properties of polyacrylate latex prepared under different emulsified systems

The polyacrylate latexes were synthesized via pre-emulsified and semi-continuous seeded emulsion polymerization technology when conventional surfactant or polymerizable surfactant was used as emulsifiers. The resultant latexes and their films were characterized with the contact angle determinator and rheometer. Effect of the polymerizable surfactant on water resistance, stability and rheology of the latex was studied. Results show that the water resistance of film is increased first then decreased with the increase of the amount of the polymerizable surfactant. There exists the optimum value of the amount of the polymerizable surfactant for the water resistance of the film. In comparison with the latex prepared with the conventional surfactant, both the mechanical stability and the freezing-thaw stability of the latex are improved when the polymerizable surfactant is used during the course of the emulsion polymerization. The resultant latex has rheological properties of pseudo-plastic fluid and belongs to non-Newtonian fluid.     

乳化剂对含氟丙烯酸酯防水剂性能的影响

合成了核壳型含氟丙烯酸酯防水剂并对纯棉织物进行整理.分析了不同乳化剂,阴、非离子型乳化剂配比及用量对乳液性能及聚合物防水性能的影响.结果表明,含氟表面活性剂（Acty-flon-S200）与十二烷基苯磺酸钠（LAS）的质量比为2∶4,乳化剂总量为1.8%时,可以得到稳定性、耐水性和光泽较好的含氟丙烯酸酯防水剂乳液.     

石蜡稳定乳状液的制备及性能

由高碳醇与非离子、阴离子乳化剂组成复合乳化剂，对石蜡具有良好乳化能力，可制得石蜡微小乳状液。乳化剂复配、用量，蜡配比、乳化温度等对乳液稳定性及应用性均有影响。     

室温交联丙烯酸酯核壳乳胶的合成及成膜性能

以丙烯酸为功能性单体,采用种子聚合合成了乳胶料表层富集羧基的室温交联核壳复合乳液。着重研究了软硬单体配比、丙烯酸不同的加料方式、壳层乳化剂以及交联剂醋酸锌的用量对乳液性能的影响,并取得了丙烯酸加入方式影响核壳乳胶粒表层羧基分布及碱增稠的规律以及生产这类室温交联核壳乳液的优化工艺条件。     

抗高温高密度低毒油包水钻井液的乳化剂优选和研制

为了成功地钻探高温超压复杂地层和满足环境保护的需求,研究使用抗高温高密度低毒油包水乳化钻井液是非常必要的,其中乳化剂的优选和研制是决定钻井液稳定性和抗温能力的关键。利用破乳屯压法和离心法评价乳化剂的乳化效果通过高温陈化评价了乳化液的高温稳定性温高压电稳定仪测定了乳状液在高温高压下的稳定性。实验确定了以有机酸和有机酸胺为主乳化剂,十二烷基苯磺酸钠为辅乳化剂的乳化剂组成,并优选了其加量。结果表明所确定     

黏弹性表面活性剂压裂液的合成与性能

合成了黏弹性阳离子表面活性剂,以此为主剂配制出不同浓度的黏弹性表面活性剂（VES）压裂液体系,考察其主要性能.结果表明：VES压裂液体系具有很好的低黏度特性、耐剪切性和黏弹性.在室温下,剪切速率180,s^-1,黏度均小于20,mPa·s,且不随时间变化;高速剪切（996,s^-1）后体系的黏度能得到快速恢复;在应力扫描范围内,弹性模量一直大于黏性模量,属于弹性流体;破胶后黏度小于3,mPa·s,表面张力小于35,mN/m,无残渣,破胶效果好,易返排,对地层伤害小.     

石蜡乳状液的研制

按照有机性值相近相溶的原则,参照有机概念图,选择乳化体系。考察了构成乳液的各种蜡及助剂对乳液性能的影响,优化出最佳配比及乳化工艺条件。试验结果表明:采用无定型蜡和结晶蜡复配,加入适量固体乳化剂以及乙二醇单甲醚助剂,所得产品稳定性好。     

不饱和聚酯树脂W／O型乳液的制备及其稳定性

不饱和聚酯树脂在碱性化合物的作用下可与水形成油包水型（W／O型）乳状液,交联后形成含水的不饱和聚酯树脂,本文研究了形成稳定的W／O型乳状液的条件,对影响乳状液稳定性的各因素包括树脂型号,乳化剂种类及浓度,含水量,制备条件及温度等进行了考察,获得了形成稳定的W／O型乳状的条件,探讨了乳状液的稳定机理。     

P(C_9-AA)两亲聚合物制备大颗粒苯丙乳液

研究了以两亲聚合物 P( C9-AA)作乳化剂 ,制备大颗粒及具有一定稳定性的苯丙乳液的方法 ;讨论了乳化剂 ,温度及引发剂用量对乳液性能的影响。结果表明 ,以 P( C9-AA)作乳化剂时 ,乳化剂用量为单体质量的 1 .0 % ,引发剂用量为单体质量的 1 .2 % ,90℃下可以合成性能良好的苯丙乳液     

不饱和聚酯树脂W/O型乳液的制备及其稳定性

不饱和聚酯树脂在碱性化合物的作用下可与水形成油包水型（W/O型）乳状液,交联后形成含水的不饱和聚酯树脂.本文研究了形成稳定的W/O型乳状液的条件,对影响乳状液稳定性的各因素包括树脂型号、乳化剂种类及浓度、含水量、制备条件及温度等进行了考察,获得形成稳定的W/O型乳状液的条件,探讨了乳状液的稳定机理.     

稠油乳状液稳定性实验研究

为确定能够提高辽河油田稠油乳状液稳定性的最优复配体系以及在不同条件下乳状液稳定性的变化规律,利用聚焦光束反射测量仪（FBRM）、流变仪,通过四因素三水平的正交实验,探究了液滴平均粒径、分散度、乳状液黏度的变化规律,考察了外部因素对复配体系下乳状液稳定性的影响。结果表明,OBS?50、AEO15/OS?15、OP?15、十二烷基苯磺酸钠的质量分数分别为4.0%、4.0%、1.4%、1.4%的复配乳化剂有利于提高辽河油田稠油乳状液的稳定性;平均粒径与分散度存在正协同关系,与乳状液黏度存在反比关系;温度、油水体积比的提升,会降低乳状液的稳定性;加大搅拌速率及矿化度,有利于提高乳状液的稳定性;矿化物NaCl的质量分数为0.2%～1.0%时,能较大幅度地提升乳状液稳定性,进一步提高其质量分数对乳状液稳定性的提升效果不明显。     

Microscopic and dynamic rheological characteristics of crumb rubber modified asphalt

A test for crumb rubber modified asphalt containing 20% crumb rubber particles(30 mesh) was performed using a scanning electron microscope(SEM).The experimental results indicate that the crumb rubber particles are evenly distributed in the asphalt.Shear rate sweep and shear-temperature sweep tests on the crumb rubber modified asphalt at-20-80 ℃ using a dynamic shear rheology(DSR) instrument,were carried out.The tests show that the complex modulus decreases with increasing temperature;at equivalent temperature,higher load frequencies lead to a larger complex modulus,and this value increasingly decreases as the temperature increases;the phase angle increases with temperature and decreases as the load frequency increases.It can be concluded that the rutting resistance limiting temperature of crumb rubber modified asphalt is 78 ℃,and the anti-fatigue limiting temperature is 16 ℃,which shows that the asphalt has preferable rutting resistance characteristics at high temperature,as well as anti-fatigue characteristics.In addition,the complex modulus master curve at different temperatures was plotted according to the time temperature equivalence principle,which allows the study of the dynamic state behavior of crumb rubber modified asphalt at a wide range of load frequency.     

氧化蜡乳液的研制

采用自制氧化蜡研制氧化蜡乳液,考察了乳化剂的质量分数、乳化温度、搅拌速率、乳化时间等因素对乳液性能的影响,确定了制备氧化蜡乳液的复合乳化剂质量分数以及乳化工艺。实验结果表明,当氧化蜡质量分数15%、乳化剂质量分数3%、乳化剂的亲水亲油平衡值约为12.0、乳化温度85℃、搅拌速率800r/min、乳化时间35min时,可得到稳定性好、分散性为一级的乳白色的氧化蜡乳液。     

Modelling the Rheological Properties of Epoxy Asphalt Concrete

This paper presents an investigation into modelling the rheological properties of epoxy asphalt concrete （EAC） by using the Huet-Sayegh model.Complex modulus tests were conducted on EAC specimens at various temperature and loading frequency conditions.Dynamic modulus and phase angles obtained from the complex modulus tests were used in the construction of the Huet-Sayegh model.The dynamic modulus master curve was developed by the Huet-Sayegh model as well as the Burgers model for comparison purpose.The results showed that EAC exhibits typical rheological behavior whose dynamic modulus decreases with the increase of temperature while increases with the increase of frequency,and phase angles increase with the decrease of frequencies and the increase of temperatures.The Huet-Sayegh model predicts the dynamic modulus master curve of EAC very well and much better than the Burgers model over a wide range of frequencies.     

Influence of an emulsifier on the pressure desensitization of emulsion explosives

The desensitization degree of emulsion explosives （EE） was calculated with the peak pressure of explosion shock waves tested in water. To an explosive, the less the desensitization degree, the better the compression resistance, so the compression resistance of an explosive can be compared and analyzed quantificationally with the desensitization degree. The influence of an emulsifier on the pressure desensitization of EE was studied, including the content and category of emulsifiers. Three kinds of emulsifiers （Span-80, compound emulsifier, and T-152） were used in the tests. The experimental results show that both the content and category of emulsifiers make a great effect on the pressure desensitization of EE. The desensitization degree of EE reduces with the emulsifier content being increased, but there is an optimal content of an emulsifier for the compression resistance of EE. While the content of Span-80 reaches 4wt%, the desensitization degree of EE becomes a minimal value, and augments somewhat if the emulsifier content is increased more. That is to say, the compression resistance of EE becomes the highest while the content of Span-80 is 4wt%, and the compression resistance will decline if the content of Span-80 is increased more. The compression resistance of the explosive emulsified by compound emulsifier is the highest among all the explosives, when the content of the whole components and manufacturing engineering are kept invariable.     

复合离子型乳化剂对淀粉接枝丙烯酰胺的聚合反应作用

采用反相乳液聚合法,合成了淀粉接枝聚丙烯酰胺的反相乳液产品,研究了反相乳液聚合工艺条件。考察了乳化剂种类,乳化剂组成、乳化剂用量以及乳液形成方式对单体转化率、接枝率、乳胶粒径和产品特性黏度的影响。结果表明,以脂肪酸(盐)为乳化剂,乳液具有良好的稳定性和低温溶解性;将表面活性剂进行复配得到的混合乳化剂的乳化效果优于单一乳化剂。以油酸与油酸钠复配物为乳化剂时,合成了单体转化率98%,接枝率80%,特性黏度1 300 mL/g的淀粉接枝丙烯酰胺反相乳液产品。考察了过硫酸铵、过硫酸铵-尿素引发剂体系对单体转化率、产品特性黏度的影响。