Time-dependent EM field characterization in pulsed lasers

The development of the EM field in pulsed solid-state lasers is analyzed with a two-dimensional fast-Fourier transform computational model. The model is designed to enable on-line characterization of the EM field starting from a randomly generated initial spontaneous field. The temporal variation of the laser beam quality together with the power spiking behavior is studied, showing sharp brightness peaks at the beginning of the free generated laser pulse. The instantaneous beam pattern is followed throughout the laser pulse duration. Some important characteristics of the formation of resonator modes are given and the influence of the mode competition on the formation of typical patterns in the integrated beam is analyzed. Intensity pattern oscillations which can be attributed to the previously observed vortex formation were clearly detected, showing well-defined oscillation frequencies of the local EM field, unrelated to transverse intermode beat frequencies. Experiments were carried out on an Er:YAG laser confirming the beam pattern formation and showing good agreement with the computational model     

高斯变反镜改善板条激光器光束质量的研究

在实验中对比研究了稳腔和高斯变反镜非稳腔两种腔型。采用尺寸为66.7 mm×11 mm×1.7 mm板条Nd∶YAG增益介质,泵浦功率860 W条件下,稳腔获得196 W的激光输出,Mx2=2.47,My2=38.6;高斯变反镜非稳腔获得102 W激光输出,Mx2=2.34,My2=6.48。实验结果表明高斯变反镜非稳腔明显改善了板条激光器宽度方向的激光输出光束质量。     

用增益孔径改善被动调Q短腔激光器近场的实验

采用实验研究的方法, 对利用增益孔径改善小型激光二极管(LD)端面抽运被动调Q短腔激光器近场的方法进行了验证, 并研制了一台具有高稳定性、准高斯分布近场和光滑时间波形输出的小型非一体式LD端面抽运激光器。该激光器是实现小型化激光测距仪的关键单元, 采用新颖的二极管抽运的增益开关被动调Q短腔键合YAG设计, 由增益孔阑实现选模, 保证光束质量; 由短腔和Cr4+：YAG调Q保证单纵模运转和短脉宽输出; 由增益开关保证小的调Q抖动。激光器输出的近场质量证明了利用增益孔径可对此类激光器的近场进行有效的主动控制。     

正分支共焦非稳腔的脉冲固体激光器研究

为了获得高光束质量中红外激光抽运源,采用正分支共焦非稳腔设计Nd:YAG脉冲固体激光器。在考虑晶体热效应情况下,对其腔型参量进行了数值模拟和试验验证,获得重复频率10Hz、脉冲宽度9.7ns、单脉冲能量260mJ、光束参量积3.5mmmrad的激光输出。该激光经放大后抽运MgO:LiNbO3晶体,实现波长3.85m、脉冲宽度8ns、单脉冲能量104mJ的激光输出,光光转换效率为12.5%。结果表明,该抽运源光束质量满足高峰值功率中红外光参变振荡激光器使用要求,为光电对抗领域的应用奠定了技术基础。     

Time resolved beam divergence from a copper vapor laser withunstable resonator

The temporal evolution of the far-field intensity distribution (and hence beam divergence) for the output of a CVL operating with both on-axis and off-axis unstable resonators is investigated in detail. The CVL output pulse consists of several temporally resolved components, where each successive component has lower divergence approaching the diffraction limit. A comprehensive model for the divergence of each temporal component from a CVL operating with a variety of unstable resonators is presented. In this model the resonator controls the output divergence by imposing geometric constraints on the propagation of spontaneous emission on repeated round-trips through the unstable resonator equivalent lensguide. Effects of resonator asymmetry and radial gain variations on the far-field intensity distribution (and hence divergence) are evaluated. Experimental measurements of the temporal evolution of output divergence from a CVL operating with both on-axis and off-axis unstable resonators and for a variety of excitation conditions are also presented. For CVL operation at high pulse repetition frequency the ASE at the start of the laser pulse has an annular profile. This annular gain distribution is found to modify the output far-field intensity distribution of the earlier temporal components of the laser pulse. For on-axis unstable resonators these components are found to have annular far-field intensity distributions, whereas for off-axis unstable resonators they have greatly reduced but anisotropic divergence     

侧面抽运国产Nd:YAG陶瓷棒的激光特性

实验研究了激光二极管阵列(LDA)侧向抽运国产Nd:YAG陶瓷棒的准连续及被动词Q激光输出特性.该陶瓷激光器采用LDA侧面紧密环绕均匀排布的抽运结构,陶瓷棒抽运区域长度为20 mm,其总尺寸为φ3 mm×35 mm,掺杂原子数分数为～1%.在千赫兹准连续运转条件下,当平一平谐振腔的输出耦合镜透过率为47.3%时,获得最大平均功率23 W的1064 nm激光输出,光束发散角为4.5 mrad,斜率效率达12%.在谐振腔内插入Cr4 :YAG晶体作为被动调Q开关,成功地实现了陶瓷激光器千赫兹重复频率调Q激光脉冲输出,当Cr4 :YAG晶体初始透过率为60%时,输出激光脉冲宽度(半峰全宽)可窄至14.5 ns,调Q动静比约为40%.     

棱镜组压缩腔内光束的电光调Q Nd:YVO4 板条激光器

理论研究了棱镜组对非稳腔内激光光束的压缩.并在实际的非稳腔-稳腔混合腔板条电光调QNd:YVO4激光器内部加入棱镜组,在非稳腔方向上压缩腔内光束,从而有效减小电光晶体BBO所需的体积,同时仍然能保证在激光晶体上有较大的基模体积,满足大功率输出的要求.当连续泵浦为66 W的时候,得到重复频率2 kHz脉冲激光的平均功率为3.6 W,平均每个脉冲能量为1.8 mJ.脉冲宽度为6 ns.实验结果表明,在加入棱镜组后,激光光束仍能保证很好的光束质量,并能获得高重复频率、高强度的短脉冲.     

高重复频率Nd:YAG锁模激光器及其热稳腔分析

本文报导高重复频率Nd:YAG锁模激光器。研究了腔内光泵感生的热透镜效应,分析了热稳腔的条件。设计了两种热稳腔结构,并给出实验结果。激光器最高工作频率为30脉冲/秒,输出模式是TEM_(00)模,序列能量～10毫焦耳,方向性～0.5毫弧度,最窄脉宽21微微秒。     

腔内扰动对虚共焦腔模式的影响及Zernike像差拟合

为实现高功率或高能激光器输出良好的光束质量和能量,分析了腔内像差扰动对非稳腔模式的影响,采用数值迭代法理论计算了腔内倾斜扰动对无源虚共焦非稳腔输出模式强度和相位分布的影响,并采用Zernike模式法对光束相位进行了像差拟合分解,得到了前35阶像差系数,通过进一步计算得到点扩散函数和环围能量曲线等,从而全面了解输出光束质量.结果表明,对小菲涅耳数虚共焦型非稳腔,腔内倾斜扰动不仅带来输出光强分布的不均匀性,且对相位分布有明显的影响,使相位中的一些高阶Zernike像差如A3,A7和A10等增大.计算结果对研究高能激光器腔内像差校正有一定参考意义.     

Open resonator for quasi-optical gyrotrons: structure of the modes and their influence

The influence of the resonator geometry on the design of quasi-optical gyrotrons is presented. Basic equations and relevant properties of quasi-optical resonators are reviewed. Since confocal resonators radiate an equal amount of power from each mirror, non-confocal resonators have to be used in order to maximize the output-coupling on one side. Technical constraints on ohmic power losses and mirror diameter are discussed. Using numerical solutions of the quasi-optical resonator equations, the influence of the actual electromagnetic field profile on the electronic efficiency is calculated for several cases.     

LD抽运免调试谐振腔被动调Q的固体激光器

将免调试谐振腔应用于二极管抽运固体激光器 ,采用Cr4 + ∶YAG晶体被动调Q ,准连续二极管侧向非均匀抽运Nd∶YAG激光棒 ,传导冷却 ,KTP腔外倍频 ,具有结构紧凑、抗失调能力强的特点。获得了远场近似平顶高斯分布的激光输出 ,输出波长 0 5 3μm ,能量 5 2 2mJ pulse ,稳定性 0 5 % ,电 光转换效率 3 4 % ,脉宽～ 6ns,重复频率 10～ 4 0Hz,发散角 2 8mrad。     

The output beam quality of a Q-switched Nd:glass slablaser

The authors have constructed and tested a flashlamp pumped, Q -switched, Nd:glass zigzag slab laser. The thermally induced optical distortion through the slab is minimized by uniform pumping and cooling and the use of corrective pump shields at the slab ends. The laser spatial output for Q-switched resonators has been measured and modeled. It is shown that a large aperture planar oscillator has an output divergence many times above the diffraction limit. Operation as a one-dimensional unstable resonator in the wide direction of the slab allows the efficient extraction of energy in a high-quality beam. Near-diffraction-limited laser output of 5 J at 4 Hz is achieved with a resonator that includes an intracavity telescope to correct for residual defocusing in the thin direction of the slab     

一种新型皮秒脉冲激光器

一种新型皮秒脉冲激光器由序列脉冲激光的产生、单脉冲激光的选取、放大和倍频等部分组成,激光器工作物质选用Nd∶YAG晶体,用两个格兰棱镜分别作为起偏器和检偏器,激光器的振荡级利用被动锁模染料产生的锁模序列脉冲激光,经过单脉冲选择器选取出其中的一个单脉冲激光,再经激光器放大部分的放大和倍频晶体的倍频后,激光器最终输出能量为120mJ,脉冲宽度为100ps,波长为532nm的单脉冲激光,其功率约为1.2×109W,功率密度约为4.2×109W/cm2,系统的外触发同步精度优于2μs。     

Lasing properties of chromium-aluminum-doped forsterite pumped withan alexandrite laser

The lasing properties of chromium-aluminum-doped forsterite were investigated using a tunable alexandrite laser as the pump source. Results of measurements of the lasing threshold, slope efficiency, spectral and temporal profiles of the laser pulse, and the time delay between the alexandrite pump pulse and the laser emission are presented for pump wavelengths of 770, 746, and 730 nm and different pump beam energies. Laser rate equations are developed to model the lasing center as a four-level system and applied to the case of 746-nm pumping     

圆孔和圆环耦合激光谐振腔腔模和远场数值分析模型

本文用积分方程的矩阵本征值解法，对一般圆孔耦合激光谐振腔作了较完整的分析，推导出适用于任意圆孔菲涅耳数的、稳定和不稳定的、圆孔耦合激光谐振腔的、可供实际数值计算的本征值、本征画数、功率损耗、反射镜面上和远场的振幅、相位和强度分布、无源谐振腔的频谱等的数学表达式，并把结果推广到圆环耦合激光谐振腔。     

Mode control and performance studies of a pulsed unstable resonator HF/DF laser

In this paper we consider the design of unstable resonators for use on pulsed HF/DF chemical lasers. The limits on the resonator magnification, as set by mode-growth time requirements and parasitic oscillation, are evaluated and the predictions compared with experimental results obtained using a fast pumped transverse discharge HF laser. A detailed experimental study of the laser performance with a 2.2 magnification unstable resonator has been carried out for both HF and DF operation and optimum operating conditions for energy and peak power extraction defined. Time resolved studies of the multiline HF and DF laser emission spectra are reported. The system described should prove useful in experiments which require a high intensity focused beam.     

脉冲LD泵浦千赫兹1.57 μm全固态激光器

采用非稳腔光参量振荡（OPO）研制了千赫兹重复频率人眼安全波段全固态激光器。激光器采用电光调Q方式、脉冲激光二极管（LD）侧面泵浦Nd:YAG激光晶体实现了高光束质量的1.064m基频激光。光参量振荡部分采用Ⅱ类非临界相位匹配KTP晶体,为了获得较好的光束质量,OPO谐振腔采用平凸非稳定谐振腔结构,实现了千赫兹重频、窄脉冲1.57m波段激光输出。在脉冲激光二极管泵浦电流为125 A、电光调Q重复频率为1 kHz时,1.57m激光输出最大平均功率达到了4.67 W,激光脉冲宽度为4.3 ns,功率不稳定度为3%,激光泵浦阈值约为45 A。     

用于连续高功率YAG激光器的高斯镜稳定腔的设计

本文通过对高斯镜热透镜稳定腔(GRMSR)内光束特征的分析,提出了设计该类激光谐振腔的一般原则,并设计了平平腔型高斯镜稳定腔。实验结果与理论分析相符,并得到高输出功率、高光束质量的连续YAG激光输出。     

An experimental study of unstable confocal CO2resonators

The results of an experimental study to determine the spatial properties of unstable confocal resonator modes and their influence upon both the fractional output coupling and the far-field angular divergence are presented. The radial intensity distributions of the lowest order circulating mode within CO2unstable resonators and the corresponding near- and far-field patterns have been measured. The radial profiles exhibit a significantly nonuniform intensity distribution consistent with the results of recent theoretical analysis. The far-field intensity distribution as well as the fractional output coupling have been investigated for a number of unstable confocal resonator geometries. For modes contained within the uniform-gain region of the laser tube, the experimental results are in excellent agreement with Siegman's unstable resonator analysis.     

脉冲激光二极管巴条侧面泵浦Nd:YAG陶瓷瞬态热效应研究

为减弱脉冲激光二极管巴条侧面泵浦Nd:YAG陶瓷激光器热效应影响,提高谐振腔稳定性以及改善激光器性能,文中利用热传导理论对脉冲激光二极管巴条侧泵激光陶瓷产生的温升及热形变场进行了解析研究。依据脉冲激光二极管巴条侧面泵浦激光陶瓷工作状态分析,建立契合实际的热分析模型,通过热传导Poisson方程求解,得到单脉冲侧泵激光陶瓷泵浦时段与泵浦间期两个阶段温度场与热形变场的一般解析表达式。定量地分析了脉冲二极管巴条侧面泵浦Nd:YAG陶瓷三维温场分布、重复脉冲泵浦过程中温度场分布,以及不同泵浦参数对温场的影响,定量分析了达到热动态平衡时泵浦面的热形变量。计算结果表明:当泵浦光功率为60 W,重复频率为100 Hz,束腰半径为150 μm,钕离子掺杂质量分数为1.0 %时,Nd:YAG陶瓷泵浦面产生29.6 ℃的温升,泵浦面与通光面产生0.95 μm和0.99 μm的热形变量。激光陶瓷温度场解析方法解决了使用数值分析法造成研究精确度不高的问题,该方法还可以应用到激光系统的其他热问题研究中,为减弱激光系统中的热问题提供了理论依据。