带碰摩耦合故障的转子-滚动轴承-机匣耦合动力学模型

建立了含转子不平衡-松动-碰摩耦合故障的转子-滚动轴承-机匣耦合动力学模型.在模型中,充分考虑了转子系统的不平衡、基础松动及转静碰摩故障的耦合;对滚动轴承模型,充分考虑了轴承间隙、轴承滚珠与滚道的非线性赫兹接触力以及由轴承支撑刚度变化而产生的VC（varying compliance）振动.运用数值积分方法获取了系统响应,并利用振幅-转速曲线图、分叉图、相平面图、频谱图、Poincaré截面图和轴心轨迹图研究了系统的分叉与混沌运动,分析了旋转速度、碰摩刚度、转子偏心量、轴承座质量、轴承座与机匣间的连接刚度以及机匣与基础间的连接刚度对系统响应的影响,得到了在不平衡-松动-碰摩故障耦合下的转子-滚动轴承-机匣耦合系统动力响应规律.     

质量慢变转子系统的松动与碰摩故障研究

建立了带有支承松动和碰摩耦合故障的质量慢变转子系统的动力学模型，利用数值积分和Poincare映射方法对其非线性动力学行为进行了数值仿真研究，给出了系统响应随转子转动频率变化的分岔图和最大Lyapunov指数曲线图，并分析了时间慢变系数对转子系统动力学行为的影响。结果表明：转子横向和纵向响应分别决定于转、定子碰摩和支承松动，且此两种方向的振动特性不完全同步．另外碰摩的频率范围主要局限在转子固有频率前、后50％以内，而时间慢变系数也对转子系统的混沌运动有较大影响等。     

滚动轴承转子系统不对中-碰摩耦合故障非线性动力学分析

为了获取转子系统不对中-碰摩耦合故障下的动力学特性,通过拉格朗日待定乘子法建立了在完整约束下滚动轴承转子系统非线性动力学微分方程,采用龙格库塔数值法研究了不对中-碰摩耦合故障下系统的动力学响应,采用时域图、轴心轨迹图、分叉图、Poincare截面图和FFT谱图分析了不对中度、碰摩刚度和碰摩间隙对转子振动响应的影响。分析结果表明:不对中度的增大会使系统1倍频振动响应增大,也会产生2倍、4倍等偶数倍频,同时出现与VC(Varying Compliance)频率之间的组合频率响应。在低转速下,碰摩刚度和碰摩间隙对转子系统的影响较小;在高转速下,较小的碰摩刚度和较大的碰摩间隙会缓解系统的非线性行为。     

带有支座松动故障的转子-轴承系统碰摩的可靠性分析

 针对存在支座松动和碰摩的耦合故障转子-轴承系统,采用短轴承非稳态油膜模型和线性碰摩模型建立转子-轴承系统的动力学方程,应用矩阵微分理论、二阶矩技术、矩阵摄动理论和Kronecker代数方法系统地研究了此耦合故障转子-轴承系统的随机响应问题.应用四阶矩技术和Edgeworth级数展开,对耦合故障转子-轴承系统碰摩的可靠性进行了研究,并求出了数值解,给出了可靠性曲线.     

故障旋转机械非线性动力学近期研究综述

重点介绍"故障旋转机械非线性动力学的理论与实验"的若干研究结果.说明了研究故障旋转机械动力学的意义,讨论了有单一故障(裂纹、碰摩、松动和油膜震荡等)或耦合故障(裂纹和碰摩、裂纹和松动、碰摩和松动等)的转子系统非线性动力学的某些特性、转子系统故障发生与发展的慢变与突变过程及其特点、故障转子系统的可靠性分析若干理论问题,以及抑制转子系统振动的若干措施与方法等.     

机械松动现象与故障特性研究综述

松动现象广泛存在于机械系统中,包括基础松动、支座松动及部件间配合松动。为此举例说明了三类松动的故障成因,归纳了国内外研究中常见的几种松动模型,从松动故障的动力学建模、求解方法及其非线性动力学特性等方面,对单一松动、松动-碰摩耦合、松动-裂纹耦合、两端支座松动、质量慢变系统松动与双跨转子系统松动等六类松动问题的研究现状进行了阐述,并简要介绍了松动实验的研究现状。最后,对松动故障研究中的关键问题或进一步研究课题进行了展望。     

转子-滑动轴承系统松动-碰摩耦合故障分析

针对转子-滑动轴承系统发生松动故障进而引发松动-碰摩耦合故障的诊断问题,基于非线性有限元方法 ,应用非线性短轴承油膜力模型、松动刚度模型及Hertz接触理论建立双盘松动-碰摩耦合故障转子-滑动轴承系统的动力学模型。首先,研究并分析了滑动轴承(油膜力)支撑下的健康转子系统的动力学特性;进而,通过对不同转速下耦合故障转子系统动力学特性的研究发现,滑动轴承支撑下的松动-碰摩耦合故障常常以碰摩故障特征为主,时域波形呈现下密上疏的波动形状,轴心轨迹表现为多个嵌套的"半椭圆形",这些故障特征可以作为诊断滑动轴承(油膜力)支撑下松动-碰摩耦合故障的一个理论依据。     

转子-轴承系统裂纹-碰摩耦合故障的非线性特性研究

研究了带有裂纹和碰摩耦合故障的弹性转子系统的复杂运动。在同时考虑轴承油膜力和碰摩发生时转静件间的相对速度对非线性摩擦力的影响基础上,构造了含有裂纹-碰摩耦合故障转子系统的动力学模型。针对短轴承油膜力和裂纹-碰摩转子系统的强非线性特点,本文用Runge-Kutta法对转子-轴承系统由裂纹和碰摩耦合故障导致的非线性动力学行为进行了数值仿真研究,发现该类系统在运行过程中存在周期运动、拟周期运动和混沌运动等丰富的非线性现象,研究结果为转子-轴承系统故障诊断、动态设计和安全运行提供了理论参考。     

双圆盘立式悬臂转子-轴承系统碰摩-裂纹耦合故障分析

在考虑了非线性油膜力的基础上,建立了具有碰摩-裂纹耦合故障的双圆盘立式悬臂转子-轴承系统的动力学模型,在此基础上用数值仿真方法研究了该模型在四种不同工况下的动力学行为,即无故障、单一碰摩故障、单一裂纹故障、碰摩-裂纹耦合故障,通过对该转子-轴承系统在不同工况下位移响应随旋转角速度变化的分叉图分析,发现在各种不同工况下该转子轴承系统响应表现出不同的特点,并给出了一些典型的Poincare截面图、轴心轨迹图和幅值谱图,分析了该转子系统在不同角转速下的运动状态.该研究结果为转子-轴承系统特别是立式悬臂转子-轴承系统的故障诊断提供了理论参考.     

含不平衡-碰摩-基础松动耦合故障的转子-滚动轴承系统非线性动力响应分析

建立了滚动轴承支承下的转子系统的不平衡-碰摩-基础松动耦合故障动力学模型.充分考虑了滚动轴承的间隙、非线性赫兹接触力以及由变柔性VC(Varying compliance)振动,综合考虑了转子不平衡、转静碰摩以及基础松动故障的耦合振动.运用数值积分方法分析了转子旋转速度、滚动轴承间隙、碰摩刚度、转子偏心量及轴承座质量对系统动力响应的影响,并运用分叉图、相平面图、频谱图以及Poincar橛成溲芯苛讼低撤植嬗牖煦缣卣?发现了含不平衡、碰摩及基础松动耦合故障的转子-滚动轴承系统的非线性动力响应规律.     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...