琥珀酸酯磺酸盐物化特性及其与甜菜碱复配体系界面性能（英文）

为满足低渗油藏注低矿化水开采原油的需要，研究了系列琥珀酸异酯磺酸盐表面活性剂(C₁₂EO₆-C_nMS,n=10,12,14和16)的泡沫特性以及溶液的表/界面活性，并研究了C₁₂EO₆-C_nMS与甜菜碱表面活性剂混合物的界面性能，得到了表面活性剂体系的最小烷烃碳数(N_min)。实验结果表明，C₁₂EO₆-C_nMS表面活性剂具有低泡性。C₁₂EO₆-C_nMS表面活性剂的临界胶束浓度(cmc)随着其脂肪醇碳链长度的增加而减小。同时，无机盐的加入使得C₁₂EO₆-C_nMS表面活性剂的cmc进一步降低，并且其降低程度随着无机盐浓度的增加而增大。脂肪醇碳链长度为10的C₁₂EO₆-C₁₀     

PO基团数对复配表面活性剂界面性能的影响

研究了复配表面活性剂中聚环氧丙烷(PO)基团数对于界面张力与乳状液稳定性的影响。研究表明，阴非离子表面活性剂的加入有助于改善单一阴离子表面活性剂的耐盐溶解性；随着PO基团数的增加，界面张力先降低后升高，呈现“V”字型。长支链烷基苯磺酸盐与C₁₂PO₁₁S复配体系界面张力可以达到10^-3数量级；随着PO基团数的增加，乳状液整体稳定性先升高后降低。长支链烷基苯磺酸盐与C₁₂PO₁₁S复配体系界面张力最低，界面膜强度最差，乳状液失稳速率最快。通过调节复配表面活性剂体系中PO基团的数量，提高协同增效作用，在提高化学采收率方面拥有巨大潜力。     

耐高温聚酰亚胺类胶粘剂制备及性能分析

为了分析影响耐高温聚酰亚胺类胶粘剂性能的因素,使用C₁₂H₁₂N₂O和C₂₇H₂₆N₂O₂作为二胺单体,C₁₇H₆O₇作为二酐单体,通过封端剂C₄H₂O₃和反应溶剂C₅H₉NO的共同作用制备了一种聚酰亚胺胶粘剂,测试了不同因素对胶粘剂粘接性能的影响。结果表明,固体质量分数、粘结件表面粗糙度、C₁₂H₁₂N₂O和C₂₇H₂₆N₂O₂单体的摩尔比、二酐与二胺单体的摩尔比、聚酰胺酸固化工艺、亚胺化程度和亚胺化方式都会对耐高温聚酰亚胺类胶粘剂的性能产生影响。当胶粘剂固体质量分数为30%、表面粗糙度的打磨砂纸型号为600...     

MES性能及在液体洗涤剂中的应用

考察了椰油酸甲酯磺酸钠(C_12-14MES)和棕榈酸甲酸磺酸钠(C_16-18MES)的临界胶束浓度、接触角、去污力及钙皂分散力等物化性能。结果发明:C_12-14MES降低表面张力效果最佳且钙皂分散力最好,C_16-18MES的上污力最强;随着碳链长度的增加接触角变大;MES的泡沫适中。对C_12-14MES和C_16-18MES在液体洗涤剂中的应用进行研究,结果表明在表面活性剂含量为16%的餐具洗涤剂配方中,其中C_12-14MES的加量小于5.0%,C_16-18MES的加量小于7.0%;在含量为12%¹5%的浴液配方中,C_12-14MES的加量小于3.0%,C_16-18MES的加量小于5.0%。     

混合型烷醇酰胺组成对油/水动态界面张力的影响

为了探究混合型烷醇酰胺复杂组成对油/水界面张力的作用机制,采用GC-MS联用分析了混合型烷醇酰胺(GYD)的组成,并用自制的不同烷基链长醇酰胺(简记为C_nDEA,n=8,10,12,14,16)在大庆原油条件下研究了GYD组成对油/水界面张力的影响规律。结果表明,降低油/水界面张力能力强弱为C₁₄DEA> C₁₂DEA≈GYD> C₁₆DEA> C₁₀DEA> C₈DEA,C₁₄DEA、C₁₂DEA和GYD在一定浓度范围内能降低油/水界面张力至10^-3mN/m数量级;C_nDEA之间复配体系的界面活性取决于体系中各单分子结构烷醇酰胺相对含量,其中C₁₄DEA/C₁₂DEA相对含量是影响体系油/水界面活性的关键因素,当C₁₄DEA/C₁₂DEA复配比大于1时,体系达到超低界面张力浓度窗口更宽,界面动态特性更好;适量助剂(月桂酸和二乙醇胺)的加入对体系降低界面张力有一定的协同效应;GYD/C₁₄DEA复配体系随C₁₄DEA浓度增加,体系界面活性明显改善。     

新型糖基酰胺非离子表面活性剂的制备及性能研究

以葡萄糖酸内酯和十二胺为原料,合成了N-十二烷基葡萄糖酰胺(C₁₂GA)非离子表面活性剂。通过红外光谱和¹H NMR对其结构进行了表征。优选出了能使C₁₂GA在水溶液中溶解的表面活性剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠（LAS）和十二烷基硫酸钠（SDS）,并对其复配溶液的溶解性、表面张力、润湿、乳化、泡沫、黏度和去污等物化性能进行测试,且与N-十二烷基-N-甲基葡萄糖酰胺（MEGA）的复配性能进行了对比。结果表明,C₁₂GA可以与磺化/硫酸化产品发生协同增效作用,对其表面活性、乳化、泡沫和增稠性能都有明显的提高,特别是增稠性能高于椰子油脂肪酸二乙醇酰胺（6501）,且与MEGA的增效作用基本相同,表明在一定条件下C₁₂GA可以取代MEGA产品。     

表面活性剂强化提取黄姜中薯蓣皂苷的研究

对7种表面活性剂强化提取薯蓣皂苷的效果进行了比较,筛选出对该提取过程具有较好强化作用的表面活性剂——十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)。通过正交实验、单因素实验考察了提取温度、提取时间、w(SDS)、提取溶剂用量对薯蓣皂苷提取率的影响,获得了优化的提取条件:黄姜粉末5 g,提取温度70℃,提取溶剂用量12 mL/g黄姜,提取时间2 h,w(SDS)=3%,获得皂素92.59 mg。实验结果表明,SDS对水提取黄姜中薯蓣皂苷(7.74mg)有明显强化作用,提取效率高于传统的甲醇/水溶液(75.08 mg),接近索氏提取(95.67 mg)。     

UIO-66-NH2金属-有机骨架材料吸附分离四甲苯异构体

四甲苯是一类重要的有机化工原料,主要来源为C₁₀重芳烃,其中四甲苯同分异构体的分离是制约C₁₀重芳烃高效利用的关键之一,研究采用金属-有机骨架材料(MOFs)进行均四甲苯和连四甲苯的分离。采用溶剂热法制备了ZIF-8、UIO-66-NH₂和MIL-53(Cr) 3种MOFs材料,确定UIO-66-NH₂为吸附剂。研究了四甲苯在UIO-66-NH₂的吸附动力学,采用准一级、准二级和颗粒内扩散动力学模型对实验数据进行拟合,其中准二级动力学模型关联结果较优。研究了四甲苯在UIO-66-NH₂的吸附热力学,选用Langmuir与Freundlich模型对实验数据进行拟合,其中Freundlich模型的关联结果较优。在此基础上,计算了吸附过程的吉布斯自由能、焓变和熵变,研究结果可为C₁₀重芳烃中四甲苯同分异构体吸附分离提供参考。     

脂肪醇聚氧丙烯聚氧乙烯醚硫酸盐性能研究

研究了Extended表面活性剂C₁₂₁₄脂肪醇聚氧丙烯聚氧乙烯醚硫酸盐C₁₂₁₄P₁₂E₂S的物化性能,包括平衡表面张力、动态表面张力、泡沫性能、接触角、润湿性能以及乳化性能,并且与C₁₂₁₄脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠(AE₂S)进行了比较,探究了PO基团的引入对表面活性剂性能的影响。结果表明,C₁₂₁₄P₁₂E₂S的临界胶束浓度(cmc)低于AE₂S,cmc时的表面张力高于AE₂S;C₁₂₁₄P₁₂E₂S降低表面张力速度高于AE₂S;C₁₂₁₄P₁₂E₂S的泡沫体积小于AE₂S;C₁₂₁₄P₁₂E₂S的润湿时间...     

泡沫分离法除去水溶液中微量铜离子的工艺

以十二烷基苯磺酸为表面活性物质,自制的单金属离子水溶液为研究体系,对泡沫分离法除去水溶液中金属离子的工艺进行了研究,重点考察了溶液的pH、鼓泡气体流量、表面活性剂浓度及泡沫塔装液量的影响. 结果表明,十二烷基苯磺酸具有良好的起泡性能,对水溶液中铜离子的去除效果也比较理想,最佳操作条件下富集比为18.2,去除率为96.1%,与常规的表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠相比,十二烷基苯磺酸在泡沫分离过程结束后不会在体系中残留金属离子,这为探索脱盐新方法提供了依据.     

不同NaCl浓度下十二烷基硫酸钠的理化参数和热力学行为

为了更好地研究不同NaCl浓度对阴离子表面活性剂胶束理化性质和结构稳定性的影响,以阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠（C₁₂H₂₅SO₄Na）在不同温度下的临界胶束浓度为基础,分别测试并得出了不同NaCl浓度与不同温度作用下溶液的表面张力、泡沫半衰期和黏度变化规律。在此基础上通过分析得出NaCl作用下溶液的黏度活化能、标准熵变、标准焓变等热力学参数及变化规律。结果表明：C₁₂H₂₅SO₄Na降低表面张力的效率由温度效应和盐效应共同控制,随着温度的升高,温度效应发挥的作用越来越大;黏度最大值所对应的表面活性剂浓度为该温度和NaCl浓度下的临界胶束浓度;C₁₂H₂₅SO₄Na胶束化过程的影响随着温度的升高由熵驱动逐渐转化为焓驱动,这种转化过程随着NaCl浓度的升高越来越提前。掌握温度和NaCl浓度的耦合作用对C₁₂H₂₅SO₄Na理化性质的影响,以期为进一步研究其热力学行为奠定基础。     

Mechanistic Studies of Particulate Soil Detergency: II: Hydrophilic Soil Removal

In this work, the removal mechanism of kaolinite and ferric oxide (model hydrophilic particulate soils) from hydrophilic (cotton) and hydrophobic (polyester) fabrics was studied using three surfactant types: sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), octylphenol ethoxylate (OP(EO)10), and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). This work investigated the relations between zeta potential, surfactant adsorption, contact angle, solid/liquid spreading pressure, and dispersion stability in washing solutions as compared to detergency performance and antiredeposition as a function of surfactant concentration and pH level. The SDS showed the best detergency for both particulate soils, followed by OP(EO)10, with CTAB being the least effective surfactant. For SDS, the electrostatic repulsion between fabric and soil was found to be the dominant force for hydrophilic particulate soil removal. For the nonionic surfactant OP(EO)10, electrostatics are also important and steric effects aid particulate soil detergency. Electrostatic forces and solid/liquid interfacial tension reduction aids CTAB detergency. These same detergency mechanisms have previously been found for the case of hydrophobic soil removal from fabrics. Dispersion stability did not prove to be a dominant mechanism governing particulate soil detergency. From the SEM photos of soiled fabric, ferric oxide attaches to the fabric surface with no entrapment between fabric yarns; moreover, ferric oxide tends to form larger aggregates on cotton compared to polyester fabric. The adhesion of larger particles is hypothesized to be weaker than the smaller ones. Therefore ferric oxide can be more easily removed from cotton fabric than polyester. The SEM photos for kaolinite show little visual difference in particle agglomeration on polyester compared to cotton. Removal of kaolinite from cotton was found to be higher than from polyester, but there is less difference than for ferric oxide.     

羟基和酯基型Gemini双季铵盐表面活性剂在煤沥青表面的润湿特性

以自制的羟基和酯基型Gemini双季铵盐表面活性剂为研究对象,在考察其表面活性的基础上,进一步研究了表面活性剂在煤沥青表面的润湿性。研究表明,羟基型Gemini表面活性剂在煤沥青表面的接触角随疏水链长度的增长呈先减小后增大趋势,其中C₁₂-OH在煤沥青表面的润湿效果最好;对于m-n-m酯基型Gemini表面活性剂而言,接触角随疏水链长度的增长而降低。当疏水链长度一定时,m-6-m在煤沥青表面的润湿效果比m-2-m好。在一定浓度范围内,C₁₀-OH、C₁₂-OH和12-2-123种Gemini表面活性剂的表面张力与其在煤沥青表面黏附张力呈线性关系。煤沥青表面的Zeta电位随Gemini表面活性剂浓度的增大呈先增大后趋于平稳的趋势。     

表面活性剂双水相萃取分离氨基酸研究

用溴化十二烷基三乙铵(C12NE)与十二烷基硫钠(SDS)混合体系形成双水相,测定混合摩尔比与分相比例的关系,并以苯丙氨酸为萃取对象研究其在双水相体系中的分配及多级错流萃取效果。实验结果表明,当C12NE与SDS摩尔比为(1.6∶1)—(1.7∶1)时体系有分相,其中当C12NE与SDS摩尔比为1.65∶1时,分相所得上下相体积比为1∶1,且分相时间为10 m in左右,为适合实验条件。双水相体系萃取苯丙氨酸的结果表明,单级萃取率可达80%以上,二级萃取率可达99%以上。     

基于MOFs材料的低碳烃（C1~C3）分离研究进展

低碳烃（C₁~C₃）混合物的分离和纯化是化工过程中最重要且耗能最大的过程单元之一,开发温和条件下低能耗高选择性吸附分离C₁~C₃分子的固体吸附材料迫在眉睫。金属有机框架材料（MOFs）作为一类相对新颖的多孔有机-无机杂化材料,因其可控的拓扑结构和多样的化学微环境,在低碳烃分离和纯化领域受到广泛关注。本文概述了MOFs作为分离和纯化低碳烃气体吸附剂的特性,重点关注了MOFs材料在C₁（CO₂/CH₄）、C₂、C₃烯/烷烃以及烯/炔烃分离领域的应用进展。首先归纳了MOFs材料在C₁~C₃烃类物质分离过程中的三种常见分离机制,并据此回顾了近年来MOFs材料对常见C₁~C₃烃类分子的吸附及分离性能;分析了MOFs材料在C₁~C₃烃类物质分离过程中的构效关系,总结了MOFs材料的孔道尺寸/形状、骨架柔性和表面功能的调控理念与方法,并提出MOFs材料成本高、水热稳定性差、主客体关系难以精准探测等制约其应用发展的现状。文章指出未来研究重点为开发低成本多样化专一性的新型配体,构造复合型吸附剂,并明确吸附分离过程中分离体系主客体性质,为MOFs材料用于低碳烃分离的定向设计提供了探索方向。     

茶皂素与十二烷基硫酸钠复配体系浮选去除废水中金属离子的研究

研究了非离子生物表面活性剂茶皂素(TS)和阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)复配体系的表面活性及无机盐的影响、浮选去除废水中铜离子的处理效果。结果表明,当TS与SDS的混合比例为0.2∶1~0.3∶1时,复配体系的表面张力和临界胶束浓度均降至最低,起泡性和稳泡性均比较稳定;无机盐主要对溶液中的SDS表面活性产生影响,茶皂素性质比较稳定,基本不受影响。采用TS∶SDS=0.25∶1的复配体系进行浮选,溶液中铜离子的去除效率可以达到92%。     

Surfactant-Induced Wettability Alteration of Oil-Wet Sandstone Surface: Mechanisms and Its Effect on Oil Recovery

Different analytical methods were utilized to investigate the mechanisms for wettability alteration of oil-wet sandstone surfaces induced by different surfactants and the effect of reservoir wettability on oil recovery. The cationic surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) is more effective than the nonionic surfactant octylphenol ethoxylate (TX-100) and the anionic surfactant sodium laureth sulfate (POE(1)) in altering the wettability of oil-wet sandstone surfaces. The cationic surfactant CTAB was able to desorb negatively charged carboxylates of crude oil from the solid surface in an irreversible way by the formation of ion pairs. For the nonionic surfactant TX-100 and the anionic surfactant POE(1), the wettability of oil-wet sandstone surfaces is changed by the adsorption of surfactants on the solid surface. The different surfactants were added into water to vary the core surface wettability, while maintaining a constant interfacial tension. The more water-wet core showed a higher oil recovery by spontaneous imbibition. The neutral wetting micromodel showed the highest oil recovery by waterflooding and the oil-wet model showed the maximum residual oil saturation among all the models.     

Development of Short-Range Repulsive Potentials by Short-Chain Surfactants in Aqueous Slurries

The effect of both cationic ( n -trimethylammonium bromide, C _n TAB) and zwitterionic (phosphocholine, C _n C _n PC) surfactants on the properties of aqueous slurries of Si₃N₄ was studied. These surfactants were expected to adsorb to the surface of Si₃N₄ particles to produce short-range repulsive interparticle potentials that might be useful for the colloidal processing of advanced ceramic powders. Electrophoretic, adsorption, and viscosity measurements showed that longer-chain-length surfactants (C _n TAB, n ≥ 12, and C _n C _n PC, n ≥ 9) strongly adsorb. Surfactants with shorter chain lengths were highly soluble and did not adsorb. Although the C _n TAB, n ≥ 12, surfactants produced very weak particle networks with a low viscosity, the packing density during consolidation was very low, and the bodies were brittle (cracked before plastic deformation). The less-soluble, longer-chained C _n C _n PC, n ≥ 9, surfactants did produce high particle-packing densities but also produced brittle bodies. In all cases, it appeared that the surfactants could be pushed away from the surface during particle packing.     

Interfacial Dilational Rheology of Sodium Lauryl Glycine and Mixtures with Conventional Surfactants

Amino acid-based surfactants are environmentally friendly surfactants, which have aroused increasing interest. In the application of amino acid-based surfactants, they are often compounded with other kinds of surfactants to obtain formulations that meet certain requirements. Herein, sodium lauroyl glycinate (C12-Gly-Na) was selected as a representative amino acid-based surfactant to compound with an anionic surfactant (sodium dodecyl sulfate [SDS]), a cationic surfactant (dodecyl trimethyl ammonium Bromide), and a nonionic surfactant (Triton X-100: p-octyl polyethylene glycol phenyl ether). Surface tension measurements and interfacial dilational rheological experiments were performed to study the interfacial behaviors of C12-Gly-Na and its mixtures. The results show that mixture systems have better interfacial activity than individual C12-Gly-Na and there is an obvious synergy between C12-Gly-Na and C12TAB under strong electrostatic attraction. Thus, the C12-Gly-Na/C12TAB mixture shows lower critical micelle concentration (CMC) and γ_CMC and higher dilational modulus than the individual surfactants. Besides, the film formed by the C12-Gly-Na/C12TAB mixture has higher viscoelasticity than single C12-Gly-Na and its mixtures with SDS and TX-100. With the increase of bulk concentration, the dilational moduli of C12-Gly-Na, C12-Gly-Na/SDS, and C12-Gly-Na/TX-100 run through two maxima, while, due to stronger electrostatic attraction, only one maximum appears in the C12-Gly-Na/C12TAB system. The study of the interfacial properties of amino acid surfactant and its mixtures with other surfactants provides a theoretical foundation for potential applications in cosmetic, food processing, and daily chemical industries.     

碱性无机盐-表面活性剂协同处理炼化油泥

针对炼油厂含油废水处理过程中产生大量炼化油泥处置难题,采用化学热洗法对炼化油泥进行热洗除油处理试验,考察了不同类型的碱性无机盐和表面活性剂复配后对炼化油泥的除油效果的影响,并对热洗工艺条件进行了优化。结果表明,单一热洗药剂中硅酸钠（Na₂SiO₃）除油效果最佳,除油率为40.3%;复配药剂中硅酸钠-脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠（AES）-辛基酚聚氧乙烯醚（OP-10）除油效果最好,除油率达58.2%。正交实验结果显示,化学热洗各工艺条件对除油率的影响程度依次为：药剂浓度>热洗温度>热洗时间>泥液比>搅拌速率。最优工艺条件为：药剂浓度3g/L、热洗温度80℃、热洗时间60min、搅拌速率300r/min、泥液比1∶6。在此条件下,对炼化油泥的除油率达75.1%;气相色谱分析表明炼化油泥热洗前后的原油组分显著降低,较短组分（C₁₂~C₂₀）、中等长度组分（C₂₁~C₃₀）和较长组分（C₃₁~C₃₆）去除率分别为57.8%、86.2%和98.0%,长碳链烷烃（C₃₁~C₃₆）去除效果最好。热洗药剂重复利用3次,除油率仍大于40.8%。