考虑材料组成特性的混凝土轴拉破坏过程细观数值模拟

为反映骨料、砂浆及其之间的界面过渡区的组合特点和材料性能,基于材料细观非均匀性和有限元方法的混凝土破坏过程细观数值模拟需进行复杂、细致的网格剖分,导致了繁重的前处理工作和可观的计算量。该文对混凝土材料细观单元材质组成的单一化假定进行改进,将内嵌界面过渡区材料的规则化单元视为一种广义复合材料单元,建立了复合型界面损伤模型。采用等效方法确定单元的复合弹性关系,通过有限元法计算单元的局部应力;用细观层次上弹性力学性能的弱化描述单元组成材料的损伤,混凝土材料的破坏过程通过单元各组分的损伤模拟。应用该复合型界面损伤模型研究了混凝土试件的单轴拉伸破坏过程,细观数值模拟结果符合混凝土试件的宏观破坏特征,表明该模型可作为分析混凝土材料破坏过程的一种有效途径。     

复合材料多尺度分析方法与典型元件拉伸损伤模拟

复合材料具有多尺度特性,多尺度模拟方法能够考虑细观损伤、演变对宏观材料性能和力学行为的影响,是复合材料响应分析的一种重要方法和手段。基于多尺度渐进展开理论,对复合材料弹性问题控制方程进行尺度分解,推导了细观尺度与宏观尺度的控制方程,建立了复合材料宏观和细观尺度响应之间的关联。基于协同多尺度计算策略,利用通用有限元软件的用户子程序与脚本二次开发,在宏观模型计算中实时调用细观模型进行多尺度渐进损伤模拟,实现了宏观和细观尺度的信息传递与反馈。建立的复合材料多尺度数值模拟方法可以快速集成细观损伤模型以及宏观唯象强度理论,具有良好的通用性。碳/碳复合材料拉伸模拟算例结果与试验结果吻合较好。     

弹塑性多尺度分析的实现及其在颗粒增强复合材料中的应用

基于满足周期性假设和尺度分离假设的渐进展开均匀化原理,应用商业有限元软件ABAQUS实现了快速识别颗粒增强复合材料的等效弹性参数,及获取其宏-细观尺度下的非线性应力应变场信息。在细观尺度上,为了更好地逼近实际的复合材料结构,其增强颗粒采用不同直径和随机分布的球形进行近似。通过对不同颗粒含量的等效弹性参数的误差分析,证明了细观模型构造的合理性。此外,通过宏-细观尺度间的耦合机制,利用ABAQUS多个用户自定义子程序,实现了颗粒增强复合材料的非线性多尺度耦合分析,并提出了一套加速算法。最后据此研究了颗粒增强材料细观模型塑性演化过程对宏观力学性能的影响。由于编写的程序及分析的思路具有良好的通用性,这一工作为研究颗粒增强及其它复合材料的宏观力学性能提供了有益的参考。     

三维离散元与壳体有限元耦合的时空多尺度方法

壳体结构的局部失效及其对整体结构稳定性影响涉及到跨宏细观多尺度力学问题。该文推导出元/网格动量传递的多尺度算法,建立了三维离散元与壳体有限元耦合的时空多尺度数值计算方法。通过激光辐照下充内压圆柱壳局部失效算例的数值模拟,验证该多尺度方法能够完善地并行实现时间多尺度与空间多尺度计算,不仅能够准确模拟壳体结构局部细观非均匀演化及其对整体结构的影响,而且计算时间很少,有效地发挥了时空多尺度模拟高效率优势。     

强载荷下结构动力响应与损伤的跨尺度分析

结构多尺度有限元模拟是考虑结构易损部位损伤演化进行大型结构失效过程分析的有效方法。如何方便、准确地建立有限元大尺度与小尺度模型的跨尺度界面连接是多尺度有限元模拟中的关键。本文根据损伤多尺度分析的需求,研究了两种跨尺度界面连接方法及其实施过程,并对计算方法的精度进行了比较和验证;将塑性损伤演化本构关系通过ABAQUS提供的UMAT子程序写入,考察狗骨式刚节点在强动载荷作用下其薄弱区域的损伤演化特性,结合跨尺度界面连接方法初步实现了强载荷下结构损伤的跨尺度分析;针对某大跨悬索桥钢箱梁纵向加劲钢桁架结构,采用本文建立的跨尺度分析方法研究了强载荷作用下结构中的损伤演化过程。研究结果为揭示结构在强载荷作用下的损伤破坏机理奠定了基础。     

基于数字图像的混凝土破坏过程的数值模拟

把混凝土看作是由水泥砂浆为基相,粗细骨料为分散相的复合材料。在细观尺度上,应用数字图像处理技术表征混凝土材料中由骨料的形状、大小和分布对混凝土材料造成的非均匀性,在组成相材料内部细微观尺度上,采用统计方法来描述材料的非均匀性,建立了细-微观尺度耦合分析的混凝土损伤数值模型,模拟了混凝土单轴载荷作用下的破坏过程。数值模拟结果能反映出骨料分布和组成相材料的非均匀性对混凝土力学行为的影响,较好的模拟了混凝土试样从裂纹萌生扩展到宏观裂纹形成的整个破坏过程。     

基于统计损伤理论的硫酸盐侵蚀混凝土本构模型研究

基于统计损伤理论及宏观试验现象,该文建立了考虑硫酸盐侵蚀影响的混凝土单轴、双轴压缩统计损伤本构模型。混凝土变形破坏被理解为细观断裂、屈服两种损伤模式的连续累积演化过程。硫酸盐侵蚀效应改变了混凝土微结构的组成成分和力学特征,进而改变了微裂纹萌生、扩展的形态以及损伤的累积演化过程,可通过改变断裂和屈服两种细观损伤机制演化过程的概率分布形态来模拟。分析结果表明:在硫酸盐侵蚀环境下,侵蚀程度的加深显著改变了混凝土细观损伤累积演化过程,最终导致混凝土宏观力学性能呈现先“强化”后“弱化”的现象。在此过程中,细观损伤演化过程呈现出明显地规律性,可由统计损伤模型中5个特征参数的变化规律表征。该文模型为复杂环境下侵蚀混凝土细观损伤过程预测和分析提供了新的方法和工具。     

土木结构损伤多尺度并发计算方法及其应用

大型土木结构的损伤破坏是跨尺度演化的结果, 因此单一尺度下的结构分析难以正确地反映结构的非线性损伤失效过程。该文根据结构损伤在宏观、细观尺度下的不同特征建立结构一致多尺度模型, 并通过多点约束法进行跨尺度关联, 实现了结构整体线弹性响应分析和局部细节易损部位的细观层次上弹塑性损伤分析的并发进行。计算结果表明:该文提出的结构损伤多尺度并发计算方法能够兼顾结构整体上的线弹性响应和局部易损部位在细观层次上的塑性损伤特征, 在对结构多尺度响应与损伤特征进行准确描述的基础上, 能够获得结构易损局部的细观损伤状态、演化过程及其对结构宏观响应与失效的影响。     

混凝土材料与结构破坏过程模拟分析

采用离散单元法对混凝土材料和混凝土结构破坏机理进行分析。在细观尺度上将混凝土材料视为由粗骨料、水泥砂浆及界面过渡区三相组成,建立了混凝土材料的离散元模型;在宏观尺度上将混凝土视为均质材料建立了混凝土结构离散单元模型。计算分析结果表明:细观尺度上的二维离散单元模型可以用来很好地模拟混凝土材料的单轴受力破坏过程,但不能很好地模拟复合受力状态下的混凝土材料的破坏;宏观尺度上的离散单元模型可以很好地模拟钢筋混凝土构件的破坏过程,但模拟结果对单元的形状有较大的依赖性;宏观尺度上的离散单元模型可以很好地模拟结构的倒塌过程,但计算效率有待提高。     

基于随机多尺度力学模型的混凝土力学特性研究

提出一种混凝土材料宏观力学特性分析的新方法--随机多尺度力学模型分析方法.从描述混凝土材料的细观尺度入手,首先采用Monte Carlo法生成由骨料颗粒及砂浆基质组成的混凝土试件的随机骨料模型;然后采用材料特征单元尺度法来剖分有限元网格并投影到建立的随机骨料模型上,各单元网格的力学特性则采用复合材料等效化方法来确定.通...     

An adaptive FE–MD model coupling approach

This contribution introduces an adaptively coupled finite element (FE)–molecular dynamics (MD) model based on the Quasicontinuum (QC) method. The idea for obtaining constitutive laws from the underlying lattice structure (local QC model) will be discussed in detail. The outline of the formulation for the quasi-static MD model (nonlocal QC model) will also be derived in the same mathematical structure. A new type of element is proposed to solve the boundary problems and to couple the FE and MD models. The interpolation techniques for the atomic stress and strain fields are introduced. A two-step adaptive mechanism is applied to the multiscale model, including the mesh refinement step for the FE model and the FE–MD conversion step. A 3D nanoindentation example is used for demonstrating accuracy and the efficiency of the coupled FE–MD model at the end.     

Multiscale design of a rectangular sandwich plate with viscoelastic core and supported at extents by viscoelastic materials

This work presents a multiscale model of viscoelastic constrained layer damping treatments for vibrating plates/beams. The approach integrates a finite element (FE) model of macroscale vibrations and a micromechanical model to include effects of microscale structure and properties. The FE model captures the shear deformation of the viscoelastic core, rotary inertial effects of all layers, and viscoelastic boundaries of the plate. Comparison with analytical and FE results validates the proposed FE model. A self-consistent (SC) model makes the micro to macro scale transition to approximate the effective behavior a heterogeneous core. Modal damping resulting from the presence of voids and negative stiffness regions in the core material is modeled. Results show that negative stiffness regions in the viscoelastic core material, even at low volume fractions, yield superior macroscopic damping behavior. The coupled SC and FE models provide a powerful multiscale predictive design tool for sandwich beams and plates.     

An embedded atom hyperelastic constitutive model and multiscale cohesive finite element method

Based on embedded atom method (EAM), an embedded atom hyperelastic (EAH) constitutive model is developed. The proposed EAH constitutive model provides a multiscale formalism to determine mesoscale or macroscale material behavior by atomistic information. By combining the EAH with cohesive zone model (CZM), a multiscale embedded atom cohesive finite element model (EA-cohesive FEM) is developed for simulating failure of materials at mesoscale and macroscale, e.g. fracture and crack propagation etc. Based on EAH, the EA-cohesive FEM applies the Cauchy-Born rule to calculate mesoscale or macroscale material response for bulk elements. Within the cohesive zone, a generalized Cauchy-Born rule is applied to find the effective normal and tangential traction-separation cohesive laws of EAH material. Since the EAM is a realistic semi-empirical interatomic potential formalism, the EAH constitutive model and the EA-cohesive FEM are physically meaningful when it is compared with experimental data. The proposed EA-cohesive FEM is validated by comparing the simulation results with the results of large scale molecular dynamics simulation. Simulation result of dynamic crack propagation is presented to demonstrate the capacity of EA-cohesive FEM in capturing the dynamic fracture.     

A locking‐free selective smoothed finite element method using tetrahedral and triangular elements with adaptive mesh rezoning for large deformation problems

A novel finite element (FE) formulation with adaptive mesh rezoning for large deformation problems is proposed. The proposed method takes the advantage of the selective smoothed FE method (S‐FEM), which has been recently developed as a locking‐free FE formulation with strain smoothing technique. We adopt the selective face‐based smoothed/node‐based smoothed FEM (FS/NS‐FEM‐T4) and edge‐based smoothed/node‐based smoothed FEM (ES/NS‐FEM‐T3) basically but modify them partly so that our method can handle any kind of material constitutive models other than elastic models. We also present an adaptive mesh rezoning method specialized for our S‐FEM formulation with material constitutive models in total form. Because of the modification of the selective S‐FEMs and specialization of adaptive mesh rezoning, our method is locking‐free for severely large deformation problems even with the use of tetrahedral and triangular meshes. The formulation details for static implicit analysis and several examples of analysis of the proposed method are presented in this paper to demonstrate its efficiency. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Adaptive mesh refinement and coarsening for cohesive zone modeling of dynamic fracture

Adaptive mesh refinement and coarsening schemes are proposed for efficient computational simulation of dynamic cohesive fracture. The adaptive mesh refinement consists of a sequence of edge‐split operators, whereas the adaptive mesh coarsening is based on a sequence of vertex‐removal (or edge‐collapse) operators. Nodal perturbation and edge‐swap operators are also employed around the crack tip region to improve crack geometry representation, and cohesive surface elements are adaptively inserted whenever and wherever they are needed by means of an extrinsic cohesive zone model approach. Such adaptive mesh modification events are maintained in conjunction with a topological data structure (TopS). The so‐called PPR potential‐based cohesive model (J. Mech. Phys. Solids 2009; 57 :891–908) is utilized for the constitutive relationship of the cohesive zone model. The examples investigated include mode I fracture, mixed‐mode fracture and crack branching problems. The computational results using mesh adaptivity (refinement and coarsening) are consistent with the results using uniform mesh refinement. The present approach significantly reduces computational cost while exhibiting a multiscale effect that captures both global macro‐crack and local micro‐cracks. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Adaptive mesh generation based on multi‐resolution quadtree representation

An advanced CAD model is required for efficient, real‐time adaptive generation of FE meshes. In this paper, a discrete level of detail (LOD) method for reconstructing progressive multiresolution models is proposed. With this approach, the model is reconstructed a priori so that any level of detail can be accessed directly, in real time, according to application requirements. The mesh is generated adaptively according to geometrical or analysis error indicators, where even at lower levels of resolution, critical areas are preserved. The method has been extended to progressive time and geometrical models for simulation and is demonstrated by several examples. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

An adaptive MsFEM for nonperiodic viscoelastic composites

We present a modification of the multiscale finite element method (MsFEM) for modeling of heterogeneous viscoelastic materials and an enhancement of this method by the adaptive generation of both meshes, ie, a macroscale coarse one and a microscale fine one. The fine mesh refinements are performed independently within coarse elements adjusting the microscale discretization to the microstructure, whereas the coarse mesh adaptation optimizes the macroscale approximation. Besides the coupling of the hp‐adaptive finite element method with the MsFEM we propose a modification of the MsFEM to accommodate for the analysis of transient nonlinear problems. We illustrate the efficiency and accuracy of the new approach for a number of benchmark examples, including the modeling of functionally graded material, and demonstrate the potential of our improvement for upscaling nonperiodic and nonlinear composites.     

A finite element reduced-order model based on adaptive mesh refinement and artificial neural networks

In this work, a reduced-order model based on adaptive finite element meshes and a correction term obtained by using an artificial neural network (FAN-ROM) is presented. The idea is to run a high-fidelity simulation by using an adaptively refined finite element mesh and compare the results obtained with those of a coarse mesh finite element model. From this comparison, a correction forcing term can be computed for each training configuration. A model for the correction term is built by using an artificial neural network, and the final reduced-order model is obtained by putting together the coarse mesh finite element model, plus the artificial neural network model for the correction forcing term. The methodology is applied to nonlinear solid mechanics problems, transient quasi-incompressible flows, and a fluid-structure interaction problem. The results of the numerical examples show that the FAN-ROM is capable of improving the simulation results obtained in coarse finite element meshes at a reduced computational cost.     

Finite element modelling of multiple cohesive discrete crack propagation in reinforced concrete beams

This paper presents a finite element (FE) model for fully automatic simulation of multiple discrete crack propagation in reinforced concrete (RC) beams. The discrete cracks are modelled based on the cohesive/fictitious crack concept using nonlinear interface elements with a bilinear tensile softening constitutive law. The model comprises an energy-based crack propagation criterion, a simple remeshing procedure to accommodate crack propagations, two state variable mapping methods to transfer structural responses from one FE mesh to another, and a local arc-length algorithm to solve system equations characterised by material softening. The bond-slip behaviour between reinforcing bars and surrounding concrete is modelled by a tension-softening element. An example RC beam with well-documented test data is simulated. The model is found capable of automatically modelling multiple crack propagation. The predicted cracking process and distributed crack pattern are in close agreement with experimental observations. The load-deflection relations are accurately predicted up to a point when compressive cracking becomes dominant. The effects of bond-slip modelling and the efficiency and effectiveness of the numerical algorithms, together with the limitations of the current model, are also discussed.     

Physics‐based multiscale damage criterion for fatigue crack prediction in aluminium alloy

In this paper, a physics‐based multiscale approach is introduced to predict the fatigue life of crystalline metallic materials. An energy‐based and slip‐based damage criterion is developed to model two important stages of fatigue crack initiation: the nucleation and the coalescence of microcracks. At the microscale, a damage index is developed on the basis of plastic strain energy to represent the growing rate of a nucleated microcrack. A statistical volume element model with high computational efficiency is developed at the mesoscale to represent the microstructure of the material. Also, the formation of a major crack is captured by a coalescence criterion at mesoscale. At the macroscale, a finite element analysis of selected test articles including lug joint and cruciform is conducted with the statistical volume element model bridging two scale meshes. A comparison between experimental and simulation results shows that the multiscale damage criterion is capable of capturing crack initiation and predicting fatigue life.