固态柔性超级电容器构筑及其材料的研究进展

传统的超级电容器因柔性差、安全性低等问题无法满足可穿戴电子产品的需求。基于此，固态柔性超级电容器应运而生，以其独特的柔性、延展性和高安全性等特点引起了众多学者的关注。本文首先简要介绍了固态柔性超级电容器的研究意义，总结了其主要的组成结构，并指出二维叉指超级电容器适用于微型电子器件，一维线型超级电容器具有更好的柔性和适应性。然后重点概述了固态柔性超级电容器用电极材料和电解质材料的研究进展，并对其现存问题进行探讨，指出该领域进一步发展的关键技术是如何提高电极的容量性能和循环稳定性以及电解质材料的力学性能、导电性和电化学稳定窗口。     

基于导电聚合物柔性超级电容器电极材料的研究进展

柔性超级电容器具有灵活性高、充放电速度快、功率密度大、绿色环保、安全性高、成本低等优越性能,在可穿戴电子设备领域具有重要的应用价值。纯导电聚合物电极材料的循环稳定性和电化学性能有限,而导电聚合物复合其他导电材料形成的复合电极能改善其循环稳定性和电化学性能。根据近年来不同导电聚合物基柔性超级电容器电极材料的研究进展,介绍了以导电聚合物(聚苯胺、聚吡咯和聚噻吩)基复合材料作为柔性超级电容器电极材料的制备及其性能研究。     

水滑石基电极材料的结构调控及电化学储能应用研究进展

水滑石是一种具有层板金属阳离子可搭配、层间客体可替代和高分散性的二维层板状纳米材料,在能量存储与转换应用领域获得广泛的关注和研究。但由于水滑石自身存在容易聚集和电导率差并且在电化学循环过程中易粉化的问题,因此需对水滑石基电极材料进行针对性结构设计,从而提高其电化学性能。系统介绍了水滑石材料的结构与性质特点和当下对其结构调控的研究进展。另外,还详细介绍了其在电化学储能领域的应用进展,主要包括锂离子电池和超级电容器电极材料领域,并展望了今后的研究趋势。     

基于Co_3O_4/C复合水凝胶的全固态柔性超级电容器的研究

以沸石咪唑骨架-67(ZIF-67)为前驱体,采用两步煅烧法制备了四氧化三钴/碳(Co_3O_4/C)纳米复合材料。利用自由基聚合法合成了Co_3O_4/C-聚丙烯酰胺水凝胶,进一步在水凝胶框架中原位聚合电化学活性聚吡咯颗粒,制备具有优异机械性能的柔性复合电极材料。在此基础上,将该柔性电极材料和水凝胶电解质组装成全固态柔性超级电容器;实验结果表明,Co_3O_4/C纳米材料与导电聚合物复合电极材料具有优异的超级电容器性能。通过恒流充放电曲线计算得到该器件具有197.83 m F/cm~2的面电容。在电化学循环10 000圈后该器件的容量仅下降9%,展示了其优异的循环稳定性;此外,该电容器具有的优异机械柔性,使其有望应用于未来柔性电子器件。     

铁基二元金属氧化物超级电容器电极的研究

超级电容器是一种比功率大、循环寿命长的储能装置,在便携式电子设备和新能源汽车领域扮演重要角色,而超级电容器性能的提升主要依靠新型电极材料的开发、电解质溶液的革新和装配技术的优化等.综述了铁基二元金属氧化物的制备方法及其电化学性能的优化策略,重点介绍了铁基二元金属氧化物的微观结构调控和复合电极构建的最新研究进展.对电极设...     

生物质基杂化水凝胶的制备及电化学性能

利用微波辅助水热法将黑液中的木质素与氧化石墨烯和生物基碳点进行自组装，制备出柔性杂化水凝胶(GO/HY/CD)。以GO/HY/CD₃为电极材料，在三电极体系中0.5 A/g的条件下获得了275 F/g的比电容。以GO/HY/CD₃电极和木质素水凝胶电解质组成的柔性固态超级电容器，在0.5 A/g电流密度下，比电容达到110 F/g。此外，使用复合电极的固态对称超级电容器器件表现出了良好的性能，为其在信号传感器和便携式储能设备中的应用提供了可能性。     

溶胶-凝胶法制备超级电容器纳米电极材料的研究进展

溶胶-凝胶法是一种常用的制备超级电容器纳米电极材料的方法。利用溶胶-凝胶法制备超级电容器纳米电极材料将为获得具有优异电化学性能的材料提供了重要的方法和基础。本文介绍了电容器的制备方法及优缺点,通过分析溶胶-凝胶法制备超级电容器纳米电极材料的工艺参数、影响因素与优化策略,通过探讨溶胶-凝胶法的发展历程和相关研究成果,希望可以为今后超级电容器纳米电极材料的研究提供参考。     

木材在电化学中的应用研究进展

木材具有发达的孔道结构和良好的机械性能,用木材制备的电极和电解质材料具备优异的电化学性能,成为了当下的研究热点。本文综述了近年来木材在电化学领域的研究进展,着重介绍了木材基电极和电解质材料的制备方法以及在电化学传感器、超级电容器和电池中的应用情况;分析了木材提高电极和电解质材料电化学性能的机理,指出木材发达的孔道结构能够有效吸附和传输电解质离子,是赋予材料优异电化学性能的关键。最后总结了木材在电化学领域中应用存在的问题,提出今后应加深对木材孔结构、孔形貌的设计和研究,高效利用木材的微观结构,丰富木材的改性方案。     

超级电容器用煤基活性炭研究

为了研究煤基活性炭电极对超级电容器性能的影响规律,根据超级电容器的工作原理,阐述了比表面积、孔径分布、表面官能团、石墨化程度、灰分及粒度对电化学性能的影响。研究表明适宜的中孔比例和粒度有利于电解液的扩散;含氧和含氮官能团可以改善电极的表面润湿性;无定型炭结构孔隙更发达,更适合作为活性炭材料;降低灰分可以提高电极的充放电特性和倍率特性。     

石墨烯基柔性/可拉伸超级电容器研究进展

随着柔性可穿戴电子设备的发展，与之相匹配的柔性/可拉伸储能器件的市场需求越来越大。柔性/可拉伸超级电容器（FSC）因具有机械性能良好、功率密度高、循环稳定性好和电化学性能稳定等优点而受到广泛关注。作为FSC的核心部件，不同结构的电极将直接影响FSC的整体性能。文章重点概括了石墨烯基电极结构的设计和电极制备对超级电容器的柔性/拉伸性能以及电化学性能的影响。     

MOFs基材料在超级电容器中的应用

金属有机骨架材料（MOFs）多样的组成与结构、高的比表面积和丰富的孔结构等优势,使其逐渐成为高性能电化学储能与转换电极材料研究的热点之一。本文主要介绍了MOFs在超级电容器中的应用研究,阐述了MOFs自身及其复合材料和衍生物（多孔碳、金属硫化物及氧化物）在超级电容器材料应用领域的研究进展,讨论了MOFs基超级电容器的结构特征及其在电化学储能领域中展现出特殊的性质和新颖的功能,提出了MOFs构筑的超级电容器在新能源储存与转换领域发挥的重要作用,最后对MOFs基超级电容器自身结构稳定性差、导电率偏低及其实际应用受限进行了分析。     

A Review on Nanocellulose and Its Application in Supercapacitors

Commercially available supercapacitors offer very limited advantages over other energy storage devices. Balancing their electrochemical performance such as capacitance, energy density, and cyclability is challenging. Studies have shown that this challenge can be overcome by using light and cheap substrates that are highly stable with solvents, and have high loading capacities and compatibility with nanomaterials. Nanocellulose, derived from wastes or biomass, is a good candidate for integrating with other nanosize conductive materials, such as carbon, conducting polymers, and metal oxides, as active materials or nanocomposites for supercapacitors. This review focuses on the properties and preparation of nanocellulose sourced from wastes (biomass) and bacteria, and extends to emerging materials, such as metal–organic frameworks and MXene, for nanocellulose-based supercapacitors. Even though supercapacitors are mainly composed of electrodes, electrolytes, and separators, this paper focuses on the overall electrochemical performance of nanocellulose-based supercapacitors to evaluate the influence of nanocellulose. In addition, the potentials and possible limitations of nanocellulose in supercapacitors are discussed. Overall, the incorporation of waste-derived nanocellulose into energy storage applications is an initiative that improves the circular economy and supports environmental sustainability.     

A Facile Strategy for Synergistic Integration of Dynamic Covalent Bonds and Hydrogen Bonds to Surmount the Tradeoff between Mechanical Property and Self-Healing Capacity of Hydrogels

The self-healable hydrogels have attracted increasing attention due to their promising potential for ensuring the durability and reliability of hydrogels. However, they still face a serious challenge to achieve a positive balance between mechanical and healing performance, especially for the room-temperature autonomous self-healable hydrogels. Herein, a simple but efficient strategy to fabricate a kind of dynamic boronate and hydrogen bonds dual-crosslinked double network (DN) hydrogel based on a UV-initiated one-pot in situ polymerization of N-acryloyl glycinamide (NAGA) in polyvinyl alcohol-borax slime is reported. The obtained PN-x/PB hydrogels, especially with high content of PNAGA, are shown to possess high mechanical strength, high toughness, and fatigue-resistance properties as well as excellent self-healability at room temperature (nearly 88% self-healing efficiency based on the strain compression test), due to the dynamic DN structure, and the combination of the adaptable and reconfigurable dynamic boronate bonds and hydrogen bonds. Considering the easily available materials and simple preparation process, this novel strategy should offer not only a kind of dynamic DN hydrogel with robust mechanical performance and high self-healing capability, but also enrich the methodological toolbox for synergistic integration of dynamic covalent bonds and hydrogen bonds to surmount the tradeoff between mechanical properties and self-healing capacity of hydrogels.     

功能性明胶基水凝胶的分类及研究进展

明胶基水凝胶作为一类具有三维网络结构的天然高分子软物质材料,因具有良好的生物相容性、生物可降解性以及生物安全性,且含水量高、结构和性能与细胞外基质相似而受到研究者的广泛关注.该文概述了明胶基水凝胶的结构与性质,并按功能性将明胶基水凝胶进行分类,重点阐述了自修复型、抗菌型、刺激响应型、导电型以及抗冻型明胶基水凝胶的特点、...     

Quickly self-healing hydrogel at room temperature with high conductivity synthesized through simple free radical polymerization

The use of conductive self-healing hydrogels in electronic devices not only reduces replacement and maintenance costs but also prolongs their lifetime. Therefore, developing hydrogels with autonomous self-healing properties and electronic conductivity is vital for the advancement of emerging fields, such as conductors, semiconductors, sensors, artificial skin, and electrodes and solar cells. However, it remains a challenge to fabricate a hydrogel with high conductivity that can be healed quickly at room temperature without any external stimulus. In this work, we report an effective and simple free radical polymerization approach to synthesizing a hydrogel using modified rGO and acrylate monomers containing abundant ion groups. The hydrogel exhibits excellent electronic conductivity, extremely fast electronic self-healing ability, and excellent repeatable restoration performance at 25 °C. The conductivity of the hydrogel reaches 27.2 S/m, the hydrogel recovers its original shape, and scoring scratched on the surface totally disappears after holding at 25 °C for 40 s. This conductive, room-temperature self-healing hydrogel takes unique advantage of supramolecular chemistry and polymer nanoscience and has potential applications in various fields such as self-healing electronics, artificial skin, soft robotics, biomimetic prostheses, and energy storage. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019 , 136, 47379.     

导电水凝胶的制备及应用研究进展

导电水凝胶是一类将亲水性基质和导电介质有机结合的新型水凝胶,具有较高的柔韧性、可调的力学性能和优异的电化学性能,在柔性电子设备等领域具有广阔的应用前景。本文综述了导电水凝胶材料的研究前沿和动态,介绍了导电水凝胶的分类及制备方法,讨论了导电水凝胶的结构设计与性能,重点阐述了导电水凝胶材料的应用研究进展,归纳了导电水凝胶材料面临的问题与挑战,并展望了导电水凝胶材料的发展趋势,指出采用天然可再生资源为原料开发具有高导电性、力学性能稳定、耐极端温度、生物相容性和生物可降解的导电水凝胶将成为下一步研究重点,同时优化柔性电子装置、提高器件输出稳定性也将成为重要的研究方向之一。导电水凝胶的制备及应用研究将促进柔性电子功能材料领域的快速发展。     

高性能碳基储能材料的设计、合成与应用

电化学储能器件的性能很大程度上决定于其电极材料。碳材料具有来源广泛、化学稳定性好、易于调控、环境友好等优点,被广泛应用于各类能量存储系统,但仍存在能量密度低、倍率性能差等问题。本文从碳材料孔结构调控、杂原子掺杂、与金属氧化物复合三个角度,综述了构建高性能碳基储能材料的设计合成策略,介绍了其在锂/钠离子二次电池、超级电容器等领域的研究进展,对几种方法策略的优缺点进行了总结,并对未来的研究方向进行了展望。本文对高性能碳基储能电极材料的设计开发具有积极意义。     

超级电容器电极材料研究进展

化石燃料的枯竭、环境污染以及清洁能源输出不连续性和不稳定性是目前社会电力发展需求中的主要问题,在各种电化学储能技术中,超级电容器因具有充放电速度快、使用寿命长、功率密度大而被广泛研究。在众多影响超级电容器的因素中,电极材料对其整体性能起到决定性作用。综述了超级电容器用电极材料,如碳基材料、导电聚合物、金属氧化物和氢氧化物、金属硫化物的储能机理及其研究进展。最后,对目前电极材料研究所面临的挑战及未来发展方向进行了展望。     

Irreversible and Self-Healing Electrically Conductive Hydrogels Made of Bio-Based Polymers

Electrically conductive materials that are fabricated based on natural polymers have seen significant interest in numerous applications, especially when advanced properties such as self-healing are introduced. In this article review, the hydrogels that are based on natural polymers containing electrically conductive medium were covered, while both irreversible and reversible cross-links are presented. Among the conductive media, a special focus was put on conductive polymers, such as polyaniline, polypyrrole, polyacetylene, and polythiophenes, which can be potentially synthesized from renewable resources. Preparation methods of the conductive irreversible hydrogels that are based on these conductive polymers were reported observing their electrical conductivity values by Siemens per centimeter (S/cm). Additionally, the self-healing systems that were already applied or applicable in electrically conductive hydrogels that are based on natural polymers were presented and classified based on non-covalent or covalent cross-links. The real-time healing, mechanical stability, and electrically conductive values were highlighted.     

The role of nanomaterials in redox-based supercapacitors for next generation energy storage devices

The development of more efficient electrical storage is a pressing requirement to meet future societal and environmental needs. This demand for more sustainable, efficient energy storage has provoked a renewed scientific and commercial interest in advanced capacitor designs in which the suite of experimental techniques and ideas that comprise nanotechnology are playing a critical role. Capacitors can be charged and discharged quickly and are one of the primary building blocks of many types of electrical circuit, from microprocessors to large-sale power supplies, but usually have relatively low energy storage capability when compared with batteries. The application of nanostructured materials with bespoke morphologies and properties to electrochemical supercapacitors is being intensively studied in order to provide enhanced energy density without comprising their inherent high power density and excellent cyclability. In particular, electrode materials that exploit physical adsorption or redox reactions of electrolyte ions are foreseen to bridge the performance disparity between batteries with high energy density and capacitors with high power density. In this review, we present some of the novel nanomaterial systems applied for electrochemical supercapacitors and show how material morphology, chemistry and physical properties are being tailored to provide enhanced electrochemical supercapacitor performance.