光纤光栅空分光复用传感系统的研究

介绍了一种光纤光栅空分复用传感系统,并将光纤光栅的传感特性应用于结构健康检测系统中。宽带光源发出的光波进入光栅阵列时,利用光开关选通不同光路实现FBG空分复用传感系统。系统采用等腰三角形悬臂梁调谐装置对FBG进行挠度加载,利用非平衡M-Z干涉技术对传感信息进行解调,将包含被测应变信息的FBG波长信号转变成相位信号,从而得到被测应变的大小,成功地实现了空分复用传感。该系统可用于静态应变和动态应变的检测,具有高分辨力、大测量范围的特点,其传感分辨率为7.3 nε,灵敏度的实验值为0.82°/με。     

光纤傅里叶变换光谱术在光纤光栅传感解调中的应用

介绍了光纤Mach-Zehnder干涉仪的基本原理和光纤傅里叶变换光谱仪(FFTS)的结构;基于光纤Mach-Zehnder干涉仪,采用傅里叶变换光谱算法对光纤Bragg光栅传感器的波长进行了解调。宽带光源发出的光经过光纤耦合器进入光纤Bragg光栅,其反射光由耦合器返回进入到FFTS中进行测量,FFTS的最高光谱分辨率达到0.05 cm-1,即在近红外1 550 nm波长处分辨率为0.012 nm。分别对光纤Bragg光栅的应变特性和温度特性进行了测量。测量显示:光纤Bragg光栅的应变灵敏度为0.833 pm/με,温度灵敏度为19.78 pm/℃。得到的结果表明FFTS系统具有高分辨率、大测量范围的特点,可满足光纤Bragg光栅传感器波长解调的需求。     

SIMULTANEOUS MEASUREMENT OF STRAIN AND TEMPERATURE WITH POLARIZATION MAINTAINING FIBER BRAGG GRATING LOOP MIRROR

□ A novel simultaneous method of strain and temperature measurement based on a polarization maintaining fiber Bragg grating loop mirror is proposed and demonstrated. The sensing head was composed of a fiber loop mirror and a section of fiber Bragg grating made of a polarization maintaining fiber. The Bragg wavelengths of the fiber grating in the polarization maintaining fiber were along slow and fast axis showing different sensitivities to strain and temperature with the interferometric peak wavelength of the fiber loop mirror. By monitoring the shifts of the Bragg wavelength and interferometric peak of the fiber loop mirror, with its temperature sensitivity of 0.1167 nm/°C and strain sensitivity of 0.0093 nm/μ?, a temperature measurement resolution about 0.009°C and a strain measurement resolution of 1.08 μ? was achieved theoretically and experimentally.     

光纤Bragg光栅阵列的光时域反射探测技术研究

本文研究了采用光时域反射技术对串联光栅阵列的反射功率进行探测的新方法。在实验研究的基础上,对高反射率光栅在光时域反射测试系统中的“假峰”和“谐振峰”现象的产生根源进行了分析,并提出了适合于光时域反射测试系统的光栅反射率的具体要求。此外对光时域反射测试技术的空间分辨率、复用数量进行了分析,给出了综合考虑多种因素的光栅传感阵列的布置方案。光时域反射探测技术是一种新颖的光栅阵列测试技术,与传统的波长测试系统相比,可从时分复用角度大大增加复用数量。     

A high-speed system for strain and temperature measurements based on fiber Bragg sensors

This work is devoted to issues related to development of measuring equipment for investigation of thermal and deformation processes with the help of sensors based on fiber Bragg gratings. A high-speed device for processing signals from Bragg sensors, developed by the Institute for Physical High Technology, Jena, with the participation of the Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics, Russian Academy of Sciences (Ul’yanovsk Branch), is described. It can serve as a basis for development of fiber-optic measuring systems for strain and temperature monitoring. The device uses a broadband optical radiator and a miniature polychromator for a wavelength of ～800 nm as well as a digital signal-processing module based on an ADSP21062 processor. The measuring system allows simultaneous processing of signals from 19 fiber Bragg sensors, scanned with a period of <1 ms.     

窄间隙条件下基于光纤Bragg光栅的曲面位移测量

在充分利用光纤Bragg光栅既是敏感元件又是传光元件这一特点的基础上,提出一种在曲面空间间隙小于1 mm的窄间隙条件下,测量两曲面间相对位移的方法。设计一种矩形弹片式传感探头,利用其挠度与应变之间存在的对应关系,通过应变对光栅Bragg波长的调制,获得光栅Bragg波长偏移量与曲面位移之间的线性关系。通过双光纤光栅的应变差动成功消除了光纤Bragg光栅存在的温度干扰问题。结果表明,当曲面相对位移量在0.35～0.85 mm范围内时,测量系统的灵敏度达2.54 nm/mm,线性度优于1%。     

Characterization of a differential fiber Bragg grating sensor for oil-water boundary detection

We investigate the operating characteristics of an oil-water boundary detector utilizing differential interrogation of fiber Bragg grating sensors. The system resolution is shown to be stable with respect to the choice of strain actuator and long-term temperature changes and changes in the initial strain on the fiber string. Fluid flow, particularly turbulent flow, is found to reduce system resolution significantly for the current system design. Improvements in the system design are required to minimize the effects of fluid flow and to accurately detect the presence of oil-water emulsions.     

Small diameter fiber Bragg gratings and applications

Small diameter optical fibers are preferred in sensing systems as they have less influence on mechanical performance of smart composite. The static and dynamic monitoring capabilities of the small-diameter fiber Bragg gratings (FBG) are experimentally studied in this paper. Firstly, a small-diameter FBG is used as a strain sensor. Secondly, a temperature sensor is fabricated using a specific FBG. Thirdly, a simple sensing system is proposed in order to discriminate temperature at sensing point. Finally, utilization of these small diameter FBGs for vibration monitoring is discussed. The experiments revealed that the central wavelengths of the small-diameter fiber Bragg gratings shift linearly with strain or temperature. The FBG is more sensitive than a thermocouple inside the thermostat. Acquisition and analysis of the dynamic signal indicates that the designed FBG can be used for dynamic signal monitoring.     

光纤布拉格光栅传感分析仪

提出了一种基于FPGA与DSP平台的光纤布拉格光栅传感分析仪,将外界参量的变化转化为光纤布拉格光栅波长的偏移,通过数据采集、过滤杂波、信号波峰检测、高斯曲线拟合以及加权波长计算等关键步骤来实现波长解调技术,进而完成温度、应变、压力或位移等对象的在线测量,并且可以实现光纤线路故障分析与定位的功能.实验结果表明:该系统功耗低、线性度好、波长解调精度与分辨率较高.经过长期测试,系统软硬件运行稳定可靠.     

MAGNETIC FIELD AND TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENTS WITH A MAGNETIC FLUID-FILLED PHOTONIC CRYSTAL FIBER BRAGG GRATING

A novel simultaneous measurement method for magnetic field and temperature is proposed based on the two-resonant peaks photonic crystal fiber Bragg grating (PCFBG) filled magnetic fluid. The measuring principles are introduced in detail and verified by experiments. Sensitivity coefficients were achieved theoretically and experimentally and found to be consistent. The errors of temperature and magnetic field sensitivities were indicated theoretically and experimentally. The measurement resolutions were given. The results show that the scheme is feasible. It solves the cross-sensitivity problem between temperature and magnetic field of the fiber grating sensor, realizes dual-parameter measurement using single fiber that reduces greatly the size of the sensing probe, and provides a new method for the two-parameter measurements.     

Simultaneous measurement of temperature and strain by combining a fiber Bragg grating and the pigtail fiber covered with epoxy resin

A fiber sensor for simultaneous measurement of temperature and strain based on a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) with the pigtail fiber covered with epoxy resin is presented. The side mode suppression ratio of the FBG will vary with the temperature due to the Fresnel reflection from the interface between the pigtail fiber and the epoxy resin whose refractive index is sensitive to the temperature. The sensor is also capable of simultaneous measurement temperature and strain by combining the Bragg wavelength shift characteristics as the temperature and strain of the FBG.     

Simultaneous measurement of humidity and temperature using a polyvinyl alcohol tapered fiber bragg grating

An optical fiber sensor based on a multimode tapered fiber cascading fiber Bragg grating has been proposed and experimentally demonstrated for the simultaneous measurement of humidity and temperature. The sensor was constructed using a tapered fiber that was coated with polyvinyl alcohol and a fiber Bragg grating with high reflectivity. The measurement of humidity and temperature was achieved by monitoring changes in reflective optical power and spectral shift, respectively. Due to the different measurement methods, the effect of temperature on humidity measurement may be ignored. The theoretical analysis and experimental results show that the highest sensitivities of 0.33 µW/%RH and 10.9?pm/°C were achieved when the diameter of the taper waist was 26?µm and the thickness of coating was 3.3?µm. Due to the advantages of good linearity, low cost of fabrication and convenient operation, the proposed sensor is promising for simultaneously measuring humidity and temperature.     

光纤磁流体电磁场传感新方法研究

摘要：以磁流体纳米功能材料为腔内介质,提出一种新型的光纤F-P电磁场传感器,并给出了基于光纤光栅波长扫描的信号解调方法。对磁流体的可控折射率特性及其对电磁场测量原理进行了充分的分析,介绍了传感器系统的结构和原理。对所提出的方法以及影响测量结果的因素进行了初步的实验,结果表明,测量特性具有较好的线性度,且得出温度和磁流体薄膜厚度都会对测量结果有影响的结论。     

基于桥梁结构的FBG传感器温度与应变交叉敏感问题的研究

对光纤布拉格光栅(FBG)传感器在桥梁结构健康监测中产生的温度与应变交叉敏感问题进行了研究。采用参考光纤光栅法在应变传感光纤光栅附近额外加入一个温度测量光纤光栅,对应变光栅实现温度补偿功能。设计了基于参考光纤光栅法的FBG传感器及FBG传感器封装的机械结构,并通过实验来验证FBG传感器的性能。实验数据表明,温度传感光纤光栅几乎不受应变的影响,应变传感光栅的中心波长变化与温度变化呈一阶线性关系,修正后的测量结果更加精确,达到了双参数同时测量的目的,应变与布拉格波长的线性关系非常好,相关系数达到0.99以上。参考光纤光栅法能够很好地解决FBG传感器温度与应变交叉敏感的问题。     

基于傅里叶变换光谱技术的光纤光栅色散测量系统

建立了基于傅里叶变换光谱技术的光纤光栅色散测量系统.详细阐述了系统组成和原理,针对测量方法和误差来源进行分析.对啁啾光纤光栅的实际测量结果证明了系统的可行性.测量重复性优于5ps.系统具有结构简单,测量时间短等优点.     

基于LabVIEW的光纤布拉格光栅多节点应变监测技术

针对光纤光栅传感系统多节点有源地址查询技术,发展了一种基于LabVIEW软件平台的虚拟仪器,控制模拟电子开关各信道的导通时间,将来自传感光栅的脉冲信号按时序分配至各光纤光栅对应的输出信道,而且使开关动作与环行腔激光器中F-P滤波器的扫描同步。系统的测量范围为-672~672με,分辨力为5.9n,ε1540nm波长时系统传感灵敏度的实验值为1.57°/με,与理论值1.59°/με基本吻合。     

Wavelength-encoded optical psychrometer for relative humidity measurement

In this article an optical psychrometer, in which temperature measurements are performed by means of two fiber Bragg grating sensors used as dry-bulb and wet-bulb thermometers, is introduced. The adopted design exploits both the high accuracy of psychrometric-based relative humidity measurements with acknowledged advantages of wavelength-encoded fiber optic sensing. Important metrological issues that have been addressed in the experimental work include calibration of the fiber Bragg grating temperature sensors, evaluation of response time, sensitivity, hysteresis, linearity, and accuracy. The calibration results give confidence that, with the current experimental setup, measurement of temperature can be done with an uncertainty of +/- 0.2 degrees C and a resolution of 0.1 degrees C. A detailed uncertainty analysis is also presented in the article to investigate the effects produced by different sources of error on the combined standard uncertainty uc(U) of the relative humidity measurement, which has been estimated to be roughly within +/-2% in the range close to saturation.     

一种倾角及温度同时测量的光纤传感器

叙述了一种用于倾斜角及温度同时测量的传感器。该传感器由光纤锥和光纤布拉格光栅构成,当传感器倾角发生改变时引起光纤锥的通光损耗改变,通过测量通光损耗的变化而测量倾角,通过测量光纤光栅的反射波长的变化而实现温度测量,此外光纤布拉格光栅还有提高倾角测量灵敏度的作用。     

可同时测量温度和压力的高灵敏度光纤光栅传感器

报道一种新颖的基于单个光纤布拉格光栅的传感器。该传感器将光栅的一部分封装在周围填充聚合物的金属空腔里,另一部分固定在金属柱体内。由于固定的光栅部分不受应变的影响,而封装在聚合物的光栅同时受温度和应变的影响,因此该结构可实现温度和应变的分离传感。同时,这种聚合物封装的结构把施加在聚合物上的横向应力巧妙地转化为施加在光栅上的轴向应变,可大大提高其应变传感灵敏度。实验结果表明该传感器不但可以实现压力和温度的同时测量,而且其压力灵敏度系数可达9.65×10-3MPa-1,约为裸光栅的4770倍。     

Tie-bar extension-force online monitoring by optical fiber Bragg grating strain sensors

In this paper, a tie-bar extension-force online monitoring system in a tie-bar arch bridge is presented. Optical fiber Bragg grating strain sensors are embedded in the tie-bar arch bridge for online monitoring of changes in the state of internal force. The relation between the tie-bar extension force measured by optical fiber Bragg grating strain sensors and the internal state of the tie-bar arch bridge under the actions of loading and temperature are discussed. The results show that the embedded optical fiber Bragg grating strain sensors can display the internal-force state of a tie-bar bridge and are a powerful and sensitive assistant that is convenient for and beneficial to engineers and that provides a great variety of options for avoiding disasters. The text was submitted by the authors in English.